A Comprehensive Guide to Sports Physiology and Injury Management: an Interdisciplinary Approach

537 Pages·2021·34.79 MB·English

by  Stuart Porter, Johnny Wilson

A Comprehensive Guide
to Sports Physiology
and Injury Management
An Interdisciplinary Approach
First Edition
Dr Stuart Porter
PhD, BSc(Hons), SFHEA, PGCAP, GradDipPhys, MCSP, SRP, CertMHS, MLACP
Lecturer in Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Manchester, UK;
Visiting Lecturer, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, UK;
Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy;
Visiting Lecturer, Universidade Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Johnny Wilson
MSc, PGCE, BSc(Hons)
Clinical Director, 108 Harley Street;
Managing Director, Nottingham Physio;
MSC Sport & Exercise Medicine;
MACP Advanced Manual Therapy Practitioner
London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney 2021
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Notices
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances
in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be
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the material herein.
ISBN: 978-0-7020-7489-9
Content Strategist: Poppy Garraway Smith
Content Development Specialist: Helen Leng
Project Manager: Julie Taylor
Design: Ryan Cook
Illustration Manager: Paula Catalano
Printed in Scotland
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
This new textbook will be something that can be used repeatedly, both as a reference work and
an education aid, without losing its impact or its relevance. This is a book that comprises over 40
chapters written by authors from all over the globe, each with their own unique expertise and highly
respected status in their own fields.
We have divided the book into three sections: the first section deals with key background con-
cepts in sport and performance of the human body; the second section focuses on clinical applica-
tions, adopting a regional and sometimes a pathological approach; the final section engages with
psychology and first aid for sport. The book contains brand new illustrations using state-of-the-art
graphics and is evidence-based throughout.
We recognize that everyone needs a solid platform from which they can develop new skills and
the material set out in this book enables this. However, we also challenge readers to draw their own
conclusions using their own clinical reasoning skills. The book should appeal to undergraduate and
postgraduate students alike, and we truly hope that we will also appeal to an international audience,
particularly in those countries where sport is now being embraced more holistically.
Embarking on this project was exciting and daunting in equal measure. We would like to thank
Elsevier for entrusting this major responsibility to us; we hope that we have produced something of
value. We would also like to thank the contributors, who always responded to our polite nagging
with dignity and professionalism when the clock was ticking down to publication. We would like to
thank Helen Leng, Poppy Garraway and Gill Cloke at Elsevier for their support during the editorial
process.
Change is the end result of all true learning
Leo Buscaglia
Stuart Porter
Johnny Wilson
vii
List of Contributors
Ademola Adejuwon
Consultant Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Sports, Exercise and Health, London (ISEH). Honorary Consultant University
College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. 10 years lead club doctor for English Premiership Rugby Club. Founding member
of the multi-disciplinary Complex Concussion Clinic at the Institute of Sports Exercise Health, London.
Nikhil Ahluwalia, MBBS, BSc (Hons), MSc in Sports Cardiology
Cardiology Specialty Registrar at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK. Nikhil’s clinical subspecialty interests are in arrhythmias
and devices. He has an active research interest in atrial fibrillation and early electrophysiological manifestations associated with
exercise in amateur athletes.
Jill Alexander, MSc, BSc (Hons), MSST, MSMA, RFU, FHEA
Senior Lecturer and Course Lead for the BSc Sports Therapy programme and module leads on the MSc Football Science and
Rehabilitation course at the University of Central Lancashire. Jill is working towards completing her PhD investigating mechanisms
of cryotherapy in elite sport. Jill has worked in semi and professional rugby for several years at national and county level and most
recently with the France national team at the U20’s World Cup. Jill has publications in the area of cryotherapy and her research
focuses around the effects of cryotherapy and whole-body cryotherapy in sport through several performance parameters including
biomechanical, physiological, psychological markers. Jill currently supervises postgraduate research students across several scopes
of elite sport performance, injury, rehabilitation and decision making. Although not limited to this area she has publications in
elite performance and injury recovery; and her research interests include current projects in the remit of elite equine and rider
performance through kinematic analysis.
Nick Allen, PhD, MSc (Sports Med), BSc (Hons)
Clinical Director, Birmingham Royal Ballet, Honorary Lecturer for Queen Mary’s University London. Nick has over 20 years’ experience
in elite sports and performance. Alongside his work at the ballet he has worked as an external consultant to various professional and
Olympic organizations. Prior to joining Birmingham Royal Ballet he was Head of Medical Services for a premiership rugby club. He
lectures on the MSc in Sports Medicine at QMUL and Nottingham University. He is on the Sports Advisory Group for the Centre for
Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis.
Brent Arnold, PhD, ATC, FNATA
Professor and Chair, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University (IUPUI). Prior to Indiana
University, Dr. Arnold was the Director of the Sports Medicine Research Laboratory and of Graduate studies in the Department of
Kinesiology at Virginia Commonwealth University. He was also on the Kinesiology faculty at the University of Virginia and was a
practicing athletic trainer at Princeton University. His research has focused on balance and proprioceptive deficits in individuals with
chronic ankle instability.
Marcus Bateman, MSc (Physiotherapy), BSc (Hons) (Physiotherapy)
Consultant physiotherapist at Derby Shoulder Unit, University Hospitals of Derby & Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK. Marcus is a
Copeland Fellow of the British Elbow and Shoulder Society. He has a special interest in atraumatic shoulder instability and designed the
Derby Shoulder Instability Rehabilitation Programme which is now used worldwide. Marcus is involved with numerous clinical research
trials and lectures internationally on the subject of the assessment and management of shoulder disorders.
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List of Contributors
Mike Beere, MSc, BSc, ASCC (Accredited Strength and Conditioning Coach with UKSCA)
Senior Strength and Conditioning Coach at Cardiff City Football Club. Mike is focused on the performance enhancement and preparation
of football players, and on the role of strength and conditioning practices in rehabilitation, with a key area of interest in hamstring (posterior
chain) and calf performance. Mike is currently working for a PhD on strength and conditioning practices in elite football, and how practices
can be incorporated into periods of fixture congestion to help maintain and improve performance; and on the use of isometric force testing
as a key monitoring and predictive tool for lower limb performance.
Marc Beggs, MSc (Sports and Exercise Medicine), BSc (Hons) Physiotherapy
First Team Physiotherapist, Munster Rugby. Marc has been involved in professional rugby in a range of different roles, including Ulster
Rugby, Welsh Rugby and Irish Rugby. Marc’s work focuses on the long-term rehabilitation of players as well as the monitoring of
previously injured players following their return to play. He has a particular interest in the rehabilitation of upper limb injuries in rugby.
Paco Biosca
Specialist in Orthopaedic Surgery; former President of both the European Federation of Orthopaedic and Sports Trauma and the
Spanish Society of Sports Trauma; Professor Titular Anatomia at University of Lleida (INEF-C); Head of Chelsea FC Medical Department.
Lyndsey M. Cannon, BSc, GSR, FAFS
Lecturer in Sport Rehabilitation, School of Sport, Health & Applied Sciences at St Mary’s University, Twickenham, London, UK.
Lyndsey studied sport rehabilitation at St Mary’s, after which she worked in private practice, within professional national sport and
taught at St Mary’s as a visiting lecturer. Lyndsey has recently become a Fellow of Applied Functional Science after completing her
studies with the American functional movement specialists, Gray Institute.
Dean Chatterjee, MBBS, PgDip Clin Ed
Club doctor for Nottingham Rugby and team doctor for the England U18s men’s football team. Dean is also an event doctor for
England athletics and British gymnastics. He has a keen interest in pitch-side emergency care, sports cardiology and concussion.
David M. Clancy, MSc (Sports Medicine), BSc (Physiotherapy), MISCP
Founder and strategic director of Hauora Ltd., a whole-person wellbeing and healthcare company, based in Dublin, Ireland;
Consultant for medical and performance services for the European players of the Brooklyn Nets and the San Antonio Spurs of
the NBA. David is the founder and host of the podcast Sleep Eat Perform Repeat, which focuses on what makes high-performing
individuals succeed in sport and business. He was involved in research in the Royal College of Surgeons (Dublin, Ireland) as part
of a research group investigating injury surveillance and load management in schoolboys rugby in Dublin. He is a guest lecturer
at Florida International University. David’s work focuses on injury prevention strategies, movement analysis, load management of
tendons and the rehabilitation of injuries such as ACL, shoulder instability and hamstring strains. He has written articles in The
Times (UK) as a sports medicine opinion expert.
Nicholas Clark, PhD, MSc, MCSP, MMACP, CSCS
Physiotherapy Lecturer and Researcher in the School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, UK,
External Examiner for masters and doctoral degree programmes in the United Kingdom, Knee Consultant Physiotherapist.
As a chartered physiotherapist with more than 21 years of clinical experience, Nick has practiced in London NHS teaching
hospitals, at Saracens Rugby Union Football Club, with the British Army Infantry and Parachute Regiments, and in private
practice. Nick’s teaching roles have included Visiting Lecturer and External Examiner to the MSc Manual Therapy and MSc
Sports Physiotherapy degrees at University College London, Clinical Tutor and Examiner for the Musculoskeletal Association of
Chartered Physiotherapists (MACP), teaching exercise rehabilitation instructors and physiotherapists for the Ministry of Defence,
and teaching on sports medicine masters and doctoral degrees in the United States. Nick also serves as a manuscript reviewer for
scientific and clinical journals.
Paul Comfort, BSc (Hons) Sports Science, MSc Exercise and Nutrition Science, PhD in Sports Biomechanics and Strength
and Conditioning, PGCAP
Reader in Strength and Conditioning and programme leader for the MSc Strength and Conditioning, University of Salford, UK.
Professional Member British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) Certified Strength and Conditioning Coach,
recertified with Distinction (CSCS*D) with the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA); Accredited Strength and
Conditioning Coach (ASCC) with the United Kingdom Strength and Conditioning Association (UKSCA), Founder Member of the
UKSCA. During his time at the University of Salford, Paul has consulted with numerous professional rugby league, rugby union
and football teams, in addition to coordinating the sports science support and strength and conditioning for England Men’s
Lacrosse (2008–2012). He has co-authored >150 peer reviewed journal articles and is on the editorial boards for the Journal of
Strength and Conditioning Research, Sports Biomechanics and the European Journal of Sport Science.
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List of Contributors
Paulina Czubacka, BSc Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, BASRaT-reg.
Paulina graduated from the University of Nottingham in 2017 and following her elective placement at the club, she joined Notts
County FC as a First Team Sport Rehabilitator. Currently Paulina works at Nottingham Trent University as a lead therapist for
Women’s and Men’s Football Programme, Men’s Basketball Programme, as well as Nottingham Forest Women’s Football Club.
She is also working in the private sector at a Physiotherapy & Sport Rehabilitation Clinic – Nottingham Physio. Paulina’s work is
primarily focused around lower limb rehabilitation. She is passionate about end stage and return to play rehab.
Eamonn Delahunt, PhD, BSc, MISCP
Professor, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Eamonn is recognized nationally and internationally as a leading academic
sports physiotherapist. He has published >120 peer-reviewed articles.
Carrie Docherty, PhD, LAT, ATC
Dr. Docherty is the Executive Associate Dean in the School of Public Health – Bloomington at Indiana University. She is also a
Professor in the Department of Kinesiology and the Program Director of the Graduate Athletic Training Program. Her research
focuses on rehabilitation sciences, specifically how chronic ankle instability affects the ability to participate in physical activity and
health related quality of life. She is an internationally recognized scholar and educator in athletic training.
Jon Fearn, MSc, MACP, MCSP
First Team Physiotherapist, Chelsea Football Club. Jon’s career in professional football spans over 20 years, with the past 10 years
at Chelsea FC. Jon’s work is primarily involved in managing the rehabilitation of first team players after injury and overseeing the
Medical Department in the Academy. He also speaks on a number of postgraduate MSc courses and occasionally represents the
Chelsea medical team at international conferences.
Ian Gatt, MSc, OMT, MAACP, MCSP, SRP, BSc (Hons)
Head of Performance Services and Lead Physiotherapist for GB Boxing. Ian has been a sport physiotherapist for over 20 years,
working predominately in Olympic and Professional boxing. He is an Upper Limb Injury specialist with the prestigious English
Institute of Sport (EIS), providing an advisory role particularly on Hand-Wrist injuries. Ian has lectured on Sporting Upper Limb
biomechanics and injuries through various platforms, as well as collaborating on several publications. He is currently a PhD
candidate with Sheffield Hallam University on wrist kinematics in boxing.
Michael Giakoumis, MSc (Exercise Science S&C), MSc (Sports Physiotherapy), BSc (Physiotherapy)
Sports Physiotherapist and Medical Research and Innovation Lead at British Athletics, the Centre for Health and Human
Performance (CHHP), and Total Performance UK. Michael’s career has involved working across Australian rules and European
football, the NBA, and international athletics. His work focuses on the diagnosis, management and rehabilitation of lower limb
injuries, with a particular interest in the hip and groin, and lower limb tendon and muscle injuries.
Mark Glaister, BSc, PhD, FACSM
Reader in Exercise Physiology, HEA Senior Fellow, Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary’s University, Twickenham,
UK. Mark gained his doctorate from the University of Edinburgh and is currently working and researching at St Mary’s University,
Twickenham. His research interests are in physiological responses to multiple sprint work as well as the effects of various
ergogenic aids, particularly caffeine.
Paul Godfrey, MSc, PGDMT(Aus), Grad Dip Phys, MACP, AACP, ACPSEM(Gold), HCPC
Head of Medical & Performance Services at Coventry City FC. Paul is a Chartered Manipulative Physiotherapist and Physiologist
with extensive clinical experience of working with individuals and teams across a number of sporting codes and performance
genres at national and international levels in the UK and abroad. He has worked with elite athletes in a variety sports for the
English Institute for Sport (EIS), UK Athletics (UKA) and a number of professional football teams across all four divisions. Paul has
also worked with artistic athletes from Cirque du Soleil and West End productions. Currently, his role involves the management
and co-ordination of all the medical, rehabilitation and performance requirements of the club’s first team & U23 players.
Neil Greig, PGDip (SEM), BSc (Hons) (Sports Therapy)
Head of the Medical Department, Brentford Football Club. Neil’s career within professional sport has spanned 15 years,
predominantly within elite football. His work focuses mainly on the rehabilitation of lower limb sports injury, with particular
interests in knee pathologies and criteria-guided return to sport.
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List of Contributors
Tom Hallas, BSc
Tom currently works at Nottingham Forest academy as performance and rehabilitation therapist. In his role Tom liaises with the
entire sports science and medicine team to deliver the rehabilitation programmes for injured U16-U23 players. Previously, Tom
held the role of first team sports therapist at Notts County FC for five years. Tom has a keen interest in the area of rehabilitation
of lower limb sporting injuries and is also a member of BASRAT.
Charlotte Häger, PhD (Neurophysiology), BSc (Physiotherapy)
Professor at the Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Sweden. Charlotte’s
research spans the study of basic movement functions in health and in pathological conditions to intervention studies and
research on how to study and assess human movements reliably. She is head of the U-motion analysis laboratory and has a clinical
affiliation to the Orthopaedic Clinic of Umeå University Hospital. Charlotte and her research group have published extensively on
ACL injuries, particularly in relation to consequences of injury on movement patterns and strategies.
Kim Hébert-Losier, PhD, BSc (Physiotherapy)
Senior Lecturer for Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, University of
Waikato, New Zealand. She is the lead biomechanics researcher at the University of Waikato Adams Centre for High Performance.
Dr Hébert-Losier’s work focuses on the objective quantification of human movement in health and sport, with a particular emphasis
on the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limb, sports performance, and clinical assessment methods.
Jackie Hindle, MSc, MMACP, MCSP
Senior Lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. Jackie is also a private practitioner. Jackie has been a
member of the Musculoskeletal Association of Chartered Physiotherapists since 2002.
Jonathan Hobbs, BSc (physiotherapy), MSc (acupuncture), MCSP, FHEA
A physiotherapist with over 20 years clinical experience practising acupuncture and dry needling within the NHS, private sector
and professional sport. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy and Chairman of the Acupuncture Association of
Chartered Physiotherapists. A previous school principal of physiotherapy he currently lectures internationally and consults for
physiotherapists from the English Institute of Sport, Sport Wales, Premiership and Championship football clubs as well as the
Ministry of Defence and the NHS.
Shivan Jassim, MBBS, BSc (Hons), MRCS, MSc (Sports & Exercise Medicine), FRCS (Tr & Orth)
Senior Orthopaedic Fellow in Melbourne, Australia. Shivan completed his specialist training on the Stanmore Rotation in London. He
has worked as a pitch side Rugby Union doctor at International Level in the Men’s and Women’s games. He has a specialist interest
in shoulder and elbow surgery and has just completed the Melbourne Orthopaedic Group Upper Limb Fellowship, which involved
the treatment of several elite athletes in Australian Rules Football and Rugby League.
Lester Jones, BSc, MScMed, PGCE
Inaugural Chair of National Pain Group, Australian Physiotherapy Association. Lester is a pain physiotherapist with a wealth
of experience spanning 25 years in education and clinical practice. He has worked in a range of clinical settings, including
interdisciplinary clinics, with an emphasis on psychologically-informed assessment and treatment of pain. He is coauthor of the Pain
and Movement Reasoning Model, a clincial reasoning tool that has been adapted and adopted to assist health practitioners assess
pain in a range of settings, including pain associated with the musculoskeletal system, the pelvic region, with breastfeeding and in
people who have survived torture or other traumatic experiences.
Paul A. Jones, PhD, MSc, BSc (Hons), CSCS*D, CSci, BASES Accredited
Lecturer in Sports Biomechanics/Strength and Conditioning at the University of Salford, UK. Paul earned a BSc (Hons) and MSc in
Sports Science both from Liverpool John Moores University and a PhD in Sports Biomechanics at the University of Salford. He is a
Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist recertified with distinction (CSCS*D) with the National Strength and Conditioning
Association (NSCA), an Accredited Sports and Exercise Scientist with the British Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences (BASES)
and a Chartered Scientist (CSci) with The Science Council. Paul has over 18 years’ experience in Biomechanics and Strength and
Conditioning support to athletes and teams, working in sports such as athletics, football and rugby and was a former sports
science support co-ordinator for UK disability athletics (2002–2006). Paul has authored/co-authored over 80 peer reviewed journal
articles and is a member of the BASES Accreditation committee.
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List of Contributors
Dimitrios Kalogiannidis, MBBS, FRCEM, MsC SEM
First Team Club Doctor Chelsea Football Club, Emergency Medicine consultant and sport medicine doctor. Has been working at
Chelsea FC for the past 6 years and has been involved with Chelsea Women’s team, the Academy and Men’s First Team. Dimitris’s
work is primarily now with managing day to day injuries and illnesses of athletes and preparation of Emergency Action plan. He is
also currently covering medical care on all home and away games.
Simon Kemp
Associate Professor Simon Kemp is a Specialist Sports Medicine Doctor and the Medical Services Director for the Rugby Football
Union, the National Governing Body for the game in England. He worked as a team physician in Rugby, Soccer (Fulham Football
Club) and Basketball (English Basketball Team) from 1995 to 2013 and was the England team doctor for the Rugby World Cup
campaigns in 2003 and 2007. He was the Tournament Medical Director for the 2015 Rugby World Cup. He has over 20 years of
experience from clinical, research and policy perspectives in head injury management. He is a member of World Rugby’s Medicine,
Science and Research and Concussion working groups and the Football Association Independent Head Injury and Concussion
Expert Panel.
Roger Kerry, PhD, MSc, BSc (Hons) Physiotherapy
Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Nottingham, UK. Roger is a qualified chartered
physiotherapist, and an Honorary Fellow of the UK’s Musculoskeletal Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. His interests are in
adverse events and physiotherapy interventions of the head and neck, particularly on the causal nature of interventions.
Jason Laird, PG Dip (Advanced Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy), MSc (Physiotherapy), BSc (Sport Rehabilitation)
Lead Physiotherapist, British Gymnastics and English Institute of Sport, Lillieshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK. Jason is
an experienced sports physiotherapist currently working for the English Institute of Sport as the Lead Physiotherapist for British
Gymnastics. Prior to his work in Gymnastics, he worked for British Judo as the Lead Physiotherapist during the Rio 2016 cycle.
Jason has extensive experience of elite performance environments having previously worked at the Chelsea FC Academy and the
Royal Ballet Company.
Etienne Laverse, MBBS, BSc (Hons), MRCP (UK) (Neurology)
Research Fellow in Traumatic Brain Injury at UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, UK and a Consultant Neurologist in
the NHS.
Elaine Lonnemann, PT, DPT, OCS, MTC, FAAOMPT Adv MSC PT
Doctor of Physical Therapy, BS in Physical Therapy; Program Director for the Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy program,
University of Louisville University of St Augustine for Health Sciences; Associate Professor at Bellarmine University in Louisville,
Kentucky. Elaine has been involved in teaching in the distance education programme with the University of St Augustine since
1998. She has worked as a physical therapist at Northside Hospital and Sullivan Center in East Tennessee, Flagler Hospital,
University of Louisville Hospital, and Roane Physical Therapy in Rockwood, Tennessee. She is a member and a fellow of AAOMPT,
and a member of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), chair of the AAOMPT’s international monitoring and
educational standards committee and a member of the board of directors of Physiopedia. She was the 2017 recipient of the John
McMillan Mennell Service of AAOMPT.
Tommy Lundberg, PhD Sports Science
Lecturer and researcher at the Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Tommy’s ongoing research
project relates to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and muscle adaptations to exercise regimes. Given the need for effective
countermeasures to combat muscle atrophy within the clinical setting (sarcopenia, various muscle disorders, etc.) these studies
could have a significant impact on exercise and/or medical prescriptions for maintaining muscle health.
Marc-André Maillet, MSc (Coaching Education & Sports Pedagogy)
Founder and Chief Education Officer at Beyond Pulse in Portland, Oregon USA. Former Ohio University lecturer. Marc-André is
dedicated to help improve coaching behavior in youth sports.
Aneil Malhotra, MB BChir, MA, MRCP(UK), MSc, PhD, FESC
Aneil is a Presidential Senior Lecturer, University of Manchester, and Consultant Cardiologist, Wythenshawe Hospital and
Manchester Royal Infirmary and Manchester Institute of Heath and Performance.
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List of Contributors
Simon Marsh, BA, MB BChir, MA, MD, FRCSEng, FRCSGen Surg
Consultant Surgeon and Surgical Director of the Gilmore Groin and Hernia Clinic, London, UK. Simon trained at Trinity College
Cambridge and the Clinical School, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, and was one of the few students to be awarded the William Harvey
Studentship in consecutive years. He qualified in 1987, receiving the London FRCS in 1992. In 1996 he was awarded an MD
by the University of Cambridge and received the Intercollegiate Fellowship in General Surgery. In 1999, he joined the Gilmore
Groin and Hernia Clinic and has been Surgical Director since 2010. Working with Jerry Gilmore, he has modified, and improved,
the original Gilmore’s groin repair technique into what is now known as a groin reconstruction (the Marsh modification of the
Gilmore technique).
Karen May, MSc Sports Med, PGCE LTHE, FHEA, MCSP, HCPC
Principle Lecturer and Academic Lead for Performance Medicine, the School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, UK. Prior to
joining the University of Central Lancashire, Karen worked as a lead physiotherapist for both professional and semiprofessional sports
covering rugby league Super League in England and Australia, rugby union, club, county and international U21 and England junior
women’s basketball and UK Athletics multi-events team. She continues to work with Olympic skiers, GB mountain & fell runners, and
ultra distance runners. Karen has 25 years of experience of working with musculoskeletal and sports injuries and has focused her clinical
research with published papers on whole-body cryotherapy and the effects of localized cryotherapy on joint position sense.
Bruno Mazuquin, PhD, MSc, BSc (Physiotherapy)
Research Fellow in Physiotherapy, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick and Department of Health Professions, Manchester
Metropolitan University, UK. Bruno’s work is focused on the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders, especially on shoulders.
His work also involves the clinical application of biomechanics, evidence-based practice development and epidemiology.
Steve McCaig, BSc Physiotherapy (Hons), MSc Manipulative Therapy
Athlete Health Consultant, English Institute of Sport, Loughborough, UK. Steve has worked as a physiotherapist in elite sport
for over 14 years. Previously he was a senior physiotherapist at the England and Wales Cricket Board. He has been involved in
research in a number of areas including injury surveillance, workload, bowling biomechanics and low back pain in cricketers. He is
currently completing a PhD in throwing arm pain in cricketers.
Christopher J. McCarthy, PhD, PGDs Biomechanics, Man. Therapy, Physiotherapy, FCSP, FMACP
Consultant Physiotherapist and Spinal Fellow, Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester,
UK. After qualifying as a physiotherapist in 1989 Chris undertook postgraduate training in biomechanics and manipulative therapy
before undertaking a PhD in rehabilitation within the Faculty of Medicine at Manchester University. Following postdoctoral
studies investigating the subclassification of nonspecific low back pain, he joined Imperial College Healthcare. He now teaches
and runs the clinical facility of Manchester School of Physiotherapy and teaches internationally on manual therapy, specifically on
combined movement theory. He regularly reviews and publishes papers in the academic field of manual therapy. He was awarded
a Fellowship of the MACP for advances in manual therapy in 2010 and a Fellowship of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy in
2011.
Ruth MacDonald
Senior lecturer in physiotherapy at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. Ruth completed her MSc in Manual Therapy in 2007
and became a member of the MACP in 2004. She continues to work in private practice.
David McKay, B.S. Sports Medicine and Exercise Science, CSCS, USSF A license, UEFA B license
First team assistant coach/performance coach for the Philadelphia Union. He previously served as the director of fitness for
Orlando City Soccer Club and assistant fitness coach for Sporting Kansas City.
Jamie McPhee, PGCAP, FHEA, PhD Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Physiology, BSc, Sport and Exercise Science
Deputy Director of University Alliance Doctoral Training Alliance in Applied Biosciences for Health, member of the Management
Board at Manchester Interdisciplinary Centre for Research into Ageing (MICRA), Manchester, UK. Jamie is also an expert advisor
to several public health groups on falls prevention, Physical Deputy Director of Musculoskeletal Sciences Research, Lead of the
Neuromuscular and Skeletal Ageing Research Group, Lead BSc Applied and Environmental Physiology.
Akbar de Medici, MBBS, BSc (Hons), PhD MRCS
Dr de Medici is an Honorary Associate Professor at UCL/UCLH and supported the creation of the Institute of Sport Exercise and
Health (ISEH), a major legacy of the 2012 Olympic Games. Akbar has worked closely with the CMO of the NFL, supporting
medical provisions for the London games since 2015. He also is the founding partner of Cavendish Health - a leading international
health management company.
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List of Contributors
Said Mekary, PhD in Exercise Physiology
Dr Said Mekary is the Director of the Acadia Active Aging program, an associate professor and exercise physiologist in the School
of Kinesiology at Acadia University. He is an emerging scholar with a broad background in the biological and cardiovascular health
sciences who has established himself as an up-and-coming leader in the field of exercise physiology, cardiovascular aging and
cognition studies in Canada. Dr Mekary was recently awarded the Acadia University Faculty of Professional Studies Outstanding
Research Project Award for his work on the role of pulmonary physiology and exercise. Dr Mekary also continues to have applied
research interests in the outcomes of exercise interventions in athletes, aging populations, and those with chronic disease and
disability.
Claire Minshull, PhD, BSc, PGCHE
Claire is Principal Researcher at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, UK and Director and founder of Get Back To Sport, an education
and training company for healthcare professionals. Claire completed her PhD in neuromuscular physiology and exercise science at
the University of Wales, Bangor in 2004. She has worked for over 20 years years in academia, research and in practice, including
as Senior Lecturer at Nottingham Trent University; collaboration lead between between Universities in Edinburgh and the Royal
Infirmary of Edinburgh on physiotherapy-focused clinical trials and, in a rehabilitation role with individual patients and athletes.
Claire’s research and teaching interests include the influences of exercise and conditioning on rehabilitation endeavours and in the
management of osteoarthritis.
James Moore, MPhtySt (Manips), MSc App Biomechanics, BSc (Hons), CSCS
Founder and Director of Sports and Exercise Medicine for the Centre for Health and Human Performance (CHHP), London, UK.
James has had an expansive career in sport both as a clinician and a leader. He has worked in cricket for 5 years, with England
Rugby Elite Performance Squad in the preparation for the Rugby World Cup 2011, and with Saracens RFC as Head of Medical
Services. He has also been involved in four Olympic cycles, culminating in being Deputy Chef De Mission for Performance Services
for Team GB at the Olympic Games Rio 2016, the most successful games to date for the British Olympic Association. James has
lectured on hip and groin and hamstring injuries, as well as lower limb biomechanics for over 15 years, and is currently a PhD
candidate with University College London for modelling the hip.
Puneet Monga, MBBS, MS (Orth.), DNB, MRCS, Dip Sports Med (GB&I), MSc, FRCS (Tr & Orth.), MD
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK. Puneet has a specialist clinical practice focusing on
shoulder problems. His surgical practice focuses on arthroscopic shoulder surgery, sports injuries and shoulder replacement
surgery. His research interests include biomechanics of the shoulder, assessment of surgical outcomes and the application of
modern technology, including the use of 3D printing to improve surgical treatment.
Jim Moxon, MB ChB, MRCGP, MSc (MSK ultrasound), MFSEM
Head of Football Medicine and Fitness, Liverpool FC Academy, Liverpool, UK. Jim’s research work is focused on the application of
shearwave elastography to muscles and tendons.
Ali Noorani, MBBS, BSc (Hons), MRCS, FRCS (Trauma & Orth)
Consultant Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgeon in shoulder, elbow and upper limb surgery at St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London
Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. Ali is also the Medical Director of an elite group of surgeons called Orthopaedic
Specialists and also the Medical Director of Harley Street Specialist Hospital. He has specialist interests in sports injuries and joint
preservation of the shoulder and elbow.
Aidan O’Connell
High Performance Manager with Cork GAA. Formerly Strength and Conditioning Coach with Munster Rugby and the IRFU from
2001–2019. Aidan graduated with a Sport Science Degree from the University of Limerick in 1997 and received his Masters in
Coaching Studies from the University of Edinburgh in 2001.
Des O’Shaughnessy
Bachelor of Applied Science (Physiotherapy), Masters of Science Module, ESP for the Allied Health Professional, Masters of Public
Health Module. Des works in the Alice Springs Pain Clinic and in private practice, Connections Physical Therapy. Des graduated
over 20 years ago from the University of Sydney, and worked in Sydney and Alice Springs. Over half of his clinical experience has
been in the UK including as the Clinical Specialist Lead for the Islington Primary Care Trust Musculoskeletal Outpatients Service. He
has also worked in the community development field working with indigenous communities of Central Australia addressing their
levels of disadvantage.
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