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416 Pages·2003·9.672 MB·english
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A COMPANION TO YI JING NUMEROLOGY AND COSMOLOGY * Chinese Studies of Images and Numbers from il Han (202 220 to Song (960-1279 BCE - CE) CE) Bent Nielsen First published in 2003 by RoutledgeCurzon II New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by RoutledgeCurzon 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 1000I RoutledgeCurzon is an imprintofthe Taylor & Francis Group «;) 2003 BentNielsen Printedandbound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire All rights reserved. No partofthis book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized inany form or by any electronic, mechanical, orother means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopyingand recording, or inany information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record ofthis book is available from the British Library LibraryofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data Acatalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-7007-1608--4 CONTENTS ListofPlates ix Common Abbreviations xi Conventions Xlll Introduction xv ACompanionto YijingNumerology andCosmology Plates (betweenpages348 and349) SelectedBibliography 349 IndexofCommonEnglishTranslationsofthe Hexagramnames 367 IndexofChinese Works 373 VB LIST OF PLATES Platesappearbetweenpages348 and349. (1)The [Yellow] RiverDiagram [YJJC28:9]. (2)The Luo [River] Document[YJJC28:10]. (3)The Sequence ofFuXi's EightTrigrams [YJJC28:13]. (4)TheDiagramPrecedingHeaven [YJJC28:15]. (5) The Sequence ofFuXi's 64 Hexagrams [YJJC28:17-20]. (6)The DirectionalPositions ofFuXi's64 Hexagrams [YJJC28:24f.]. (7)TheDiagram SucceedingHeaven [YJJC28:31]. (8)The CircularDiagram ofthe Hexagramsandthe Vital MaterialForceand 67/80 days [YJJC 147:169f.]. (9) TheDiagram ofthe GreatExtreme [ZZMJ33:59]. (10)TheDiagram ofthe CorrectBranches ofthe 64 Hexagrams [YJJC 161:44]. (11)The Diagram ofInterlocking[Trigrams] PrecedingHeaven [YJJC 115:133]. (12)The Diagram ofKing Wen's Vital Material Force ofthe Hexagrams ofthe 12Months [Shi Wei 1995,603]. IX Common Abbreviations abbr. abbreviation(s), abbreviate ace. according aka also knownas alt. alternative annot. annotate(d) app. appendix, append(ed) approx. approximate(ly) attrib. attribute(d) b. born bib!. bibliography biog. biography c. circa chp(s). chapter(s) col(s). column(s) comm. commentary,commentator,comment comp. compilation, compilor, compile(d) d. died div. division(s) ed(s). edition(s), editor(s), edit(ed) h. hao5m (sobriquet) inc!. include(d) lit. literally ms. manuscript n. note(s) orig. original p. posthumousnameortitle posth. posthumous(ly) pref. preface(d) pres. present r. reigned sect. section(s) xi xii trad. traditional(ly) transl. translation(s), translator(s),translate(d) voles). volume(s) z. zi':f: (courtesyname) CONVENTIONS Using the pinyin romanization, the Companion is organized alphabetically as a Chinese-English encyclopedia, i.e. based on syllables which means Xisheng comes beforeXiangshan. Cross-referencesare markedinboldcapitals. A reference to The Changes mayor may not include The Ten Wings. When required, a more specific reference is used. A bold numeral in brackets referto ahexagram intheorderinwhich itappears inthe received editionofThe Changes, e.g. [15] refers tohexagram no. 15 Qian. This maybe areferenceto the hexagram figure or to the texts accompanying the figure or to both. When required, a more specific reference to the texts is used: [15.0] refers to the text accompanyingthe hexagram figure, the so-called Deciding Remarks (see TUAN CI). [15.1], [15.2], [15.3], etc. referto the texts accompanying the individual lines of the hexagram, The Line Remarks (see YAO CI; note that the lines of a hexagram are traditionally counted from bottom up). TUAN 15 refers to The Commentary on the Decision (see TUAN ZHUAN), which is a commentary on [15.0], The Deciding Remarks. XIANG 15 refers to The Commentary on the Great Images (see XIANG ZHUAN, def. 1), which is also a commentary on [15.0], The Deciding Remarks. XIANG 15.1, XIANG 15.2, XIANG 15.3, etc. refer to The Commentary on the Small Images (see XIANG ZHUAN, def. 1), which arecommentarieson [15.1], [15.2], [15.3], etc., i.e.TheLineRemarks. Entries listed under the names ofthe 64 hexagrams are followed bythe relevant hexagram figure and two numerals separatedby aslash, e.g. BI ..,::::, Hexagram no. 22/14. The former number refers to the order in which the hexagram appears in the received edition while the latter indicates the hexagram's number in the sequence ofthe silk manuscript edition (see BOSHU YI). The bibliography includes a list ofthe abbreviations used in the bio bibliographical entries. References to some traditional Chinese sources may be a littlecumbersome. This isespeciallythe casewiththeJingdian shiwenandJing yi kao where the reference is made to number of volume, number ofjuan (chapter),numberofpage,andthe lettersAandB indicateversoandrecto, e.g. a referencetoJingyikao, vol. 1,chapter 14, page 3recto is written [JYK 1:14/3B]. Xlll XIV All references to the silkmanuscriptofTheChangesareto Shaughnessy(l996a) which has both the Chinese text and, of course, the English translation (translations ofthe silkmanuscriptare myown). INTRODUCTION Evolving from atradition dating back more than 3000 years, the Yijing, known to us in the West as The Book of Changes (or just The Changes), found its presentform some 1800years ago. Ithas longbeenrecognized thatThe Changes divides into two parts which are separated in time by at least 3-400 years. The older part consists of64 short sections or paragraphs each headed by a so-called hexagram-a figure consisting ofsixhorizontal lines, solid or broken, placed on top of each other-whereas the younger part is composed of commentaries, glosses, and essays collectively known as the Ten Wings. The commentary tradition dates back to the centuries preceding the Christian era, and literally hundreds of commentaries and studies have been written over the centuries. Todaymostofthese are lost. The early translations of The Changes into Western languages-Latin, French, and English-were based on commentaries and interpretations of a handful of influential scholars of the Song dynasty (960-1279), most notably Cheng Yi (1033-1107) and Zhu Xi (1130-1200). When translators encountered difficultpassages in thetext, theysometimes-as in the case ofJames Legge, the great 19th century translator ofthe Chinese classics-translated the paraphrases ofthe commentaries instead. The original meaning ofThe Changes lay buried beneath layers ofmainly Confucian interpretation, and the sinologist ofthe 19th centurysimplywas notequippedto penetratethese layers. However, at the very end ofthe century, in 1899, the discovery ofthe so-called oracle-bones of the late Shang dynasty (12th to lIth century BCE) changed the field ofSinology. These animal bones had been used for divination and were inscribed with the most ancient known forms ofChinese characters. It was Wang Yirong who in 1899 realized that the characters ofthese inscriptions were the predecessors of those found on bronze vessels of the Western Zhou dynasty (1040s - 771 BCE). Wang died the year after, and some of the most important collections oforacle-bone inscriptions were published by Luo Zhenyu (1868-1940) between 1912and 1916. Luo also publishedan important collection of bronze inscriptions in 1937. Studies ofthese inscriptions first ofall led to a deeperunderstandingofthe language oftheearly Zhou dynasty, the pre-classical Chinese, which is the language ofthe older part of The Changes. In the West these studies were pioneered by the Swedish linguist Bernhard Karlgren whose xv

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