A Companion to the Reformation World

592 Pages·2007·3.14 MB·English

by  R Po-chia Hsia

A Companion to the Reformation World
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A COMPANION TO THE
REFORMATION WORLD
Edited by
R. Po-chia Hsia
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First published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A companion to the reformation world / edited by R. Po-chia Hsia.
p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to European history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-631-22017-8 (alk. paper)
1. Reformation. I. Hsia, R. Po-chia, 1953– II. Series.
BR309.C62 2003
270.6–dc21
2002156493
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Contents
List of Contributors viii
Introduction: The Reformation and its Worlds xii
R. Po-chia Hsia
Paarrtt I Onn tthhee Evvee ooff tthhee Reeffoorrmmaattiioonn
1 Dissent and Heresy 3
Euan Cameron
2 Society and Piety 22
Larissa Taylor
Paarrtt II Thhee Reeffoorrmmaattiioonn iinn tthhee Hoollyy Roommaann Emmppiirree
3 Martin Luther and the Germ an Nation 39
Robert Kolb
4 The Peasants’ War 56
Tom Scott
5 Radical Religiosity in the German Reformation 70
Hans-Jürgen Goertz
6 The Reformation in German-Speaking Switzerland 86
Kaspar von Greyerz
Paarrtt III Thhee Euurrooppeeaann Reeffoorrmmaattiioonn
7 Calvin and Geneva 105
Robert M. Kingdon
8 Reform in the Low Countries 118
Joke Spaans
vi contents
9 The Reformation in England to 1603 135
Christopher Haigh
10 The Religious Wars in France 150
Barbara B. Diefendorf
11 The Italian Reformation 169
Massimo Firpo
12 The Reformation in Bohemia and Poland 185
James R. Palmitessa
13 Old and New Faith in Hungary, Turkish Hungary, and Transylvania 205
István György Tóth
Paarrtt IV Caatthhoolliicc Reenneewwaall aanndd Coonnffeessssiioonnaall Sttrruugggglleess
14 The Society of Jesus 223
John O’Malley
15 Female Religious Orders 237
Amy E. Leonard
16 The Inquisition 255
William Monter
17 The Thirty Years’ War 272
Johannes Burkhardt
18 Spain and Portugal 291
José Pedro Paiva
19 Parish Communities, Civil War, and Religious Conflict in England 311
Dan Beaver

Paarrtt V Chhrriissttiiaann Euurrooppee aanndd tthhee Woorrlldd
20 Religion and the Church in Early Latin America 335
Kevin Terraciano
21 Compromise: India 353
Ines G. Zˇupanov
22 Promise: China 375
R. Po-chia Hsia
23 A Mission Interrupted: Japan 393
Michael Cooper
Paarrtt VI Sttrruuccttuurreess ooff tthhee Reeffoorrmmaattiioonn Woorrlldd
24 The New Parish 411
Bruce Gordon
contents vii
25 Making Peace 426
Olivier Christin
26 Magic and Witchcraft 440
James A. Sharpe
27 Martyrs and Saints 455
Brad S. Gregory
28 Jews in a Divided Christendom 471
Miriam Bodian
29 Coexistence, Conflict, and the Practice of Toleration 486
Benjamin J. Kaplan
Bibliography 506
Index 553
List of Contributors
Dan Beaveris Associate Professor of History He is the author of The European Re-
at the Pennsylvania State University. He formation (1991). He has also written
is the author of Parish Communities and Waldenses: Rejections of Holy Church in
Religious Conflict in the Vale of Gloucester, Medieval Europe (2000) and both edited
1590–1690, and is currently working on and contributed to Early Modern Europe:
hunting and the cultural history of violence An Oxford History (1999; paperback
in early modern England. edition 2001).
Miriam Bodian is Associate Professor of Olivier Christin is Professor of Modern
History and Jewish Studies at Pennsylvania History at the University of Lyon-2 and
State University. Her work has dealt with member of the Institut Universitaire de
early modern Sephardic Jewry and, more France. He has published several studies on
generally, the history of Jewish–Christian art and the Reformation (Une révolution
relations. Her publications include Hebrews symbolique: L’iconoclasme huguenot et la
of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and reconstruction catholique, 1991; Les Yeux
Community in Early Modern Amsterdam pour le croire: Les Dix commandements en
(1997) and “In the Cross -Currents of the images (XVe–XVIIe siècles), 2003; and,
Reformation: Crypto-Jewish Martyrs of the with François Boespflug, Johannes Molanus
Inquisition, 1570–1670,” Past and Present, traité des saintes images, 1996) and on the
176 (November, 2002). search for compromise and secular peace
Johannes Burkhardt is Professor of History between denominations in sixteenth-
at the University of Augsburg, Germany, century France and Germany (La Paix de
and Director of the Fugger-Archiv. He religion: L’autonomisation de la raison poli-
has published on diplomatic, economic, tique au XVIe siècle, 1997).
and political history. Recent books include After entering the Society of Jesus in London,
Der Dreißigjährige Krieg (1992) and Michael Cooper worked at Sophia Uni-
Das Reformationsjahrhundert: Deutsche versity, Tokyo, where he edited the acade-
Geschichte zwischen Medienrevolution und mic quarterly Monumenta Nipponica for
Institutionenbildung 1517–1617 (2002). 26 years. In 1999 he retired to Honolulu,
Euan Cameron is the Henry Luce III Pro- where he continues research on Jesuit activ-
fessor of Reformation Church History at ity in sixteenth-century Japan. He obtained
Union Theological Seminary in New York his doctorate at Oxford University with a
City, and is also a Professor in the Depart- thesis on João Rodrigues (d. 1633), a
ment of Religion at Columbia University. Portuguese Jesuit who worked in both
listof contributors ix
Japan and China. Among Cooper’s pub- Brad S. Gregory is Associate Professor of
lished works are They Came to Japan(1965, History at Stanford University. His first
1995), Rodrigues the Interpreter (1974), book, Salvation at Stake: Christian Mar-
and João Rodrigues’s Account of Sixteenth- tyrdom in Early Modern Europe, was pub-
Century Japan (2001). He is at present lished in 1999 and received six book
writing a book on the Japanese mission to awards. He is also the editor of The For-
Europe in the 1580s. gotten Writings of the Mennonite Martyrs,
Barbara B. Diefendorf is Professor of published in 2002.
History at Boston University. She is the Kaspar von Greyerz is Professor of History
author of Paris City Councillors in the Six- at the University of Basel. His books in-
teenth Century: The Politics of Patrimony clude Late City Reformation in Germany:
(1983) and Beneath the Cross: Catholics The Case of Colmar, 1522–1628 (1980),
and Huguenots in Sixteenth-Century Paris England im Jahrhundert der Revolutionen
(1991). Her recently completed study of 1603–1714 (1994), and Religion und
pious women and the Catholic Reforma- Kultur: Europa 1500–1800 (2000).
tion in France will be published by Oxford. Christopher Haigh teaches history at the
Massimo Firpo is Professor of Modern University of Oxford. His major publica-
History at the University of Turin. His tions include The Reign of Elizabeth I
most recent books concerning the religious (1984), The English Reformation Revised
crisis in sixteenth-century Italy are Riforma (1987), Elizabeth I (1988, 2nd ed. 1998),
protestante ed eresie nell’Italia del Cinque- and English Reformations: Religion, Politics
cento: Un profilo storico (1993), Gli affres- and Society under the Tudors(1993). He is
chi di Pontormo a San Lorenzo: Eresia, now writing on the official church and its
politica e cultura nella Firenze di Cosimo I parishioners in post-Reformation England.
(1997), Dal sacco di Roma all’Inquisizione: R. Po-chia Hsia is Edwin Erle Sparks Pro-
Studi su Juan de Valdés e la Riforma ital- fessor of History at Pennsylvania State Uni-
iana (1998), Artisti, gioiellieri, eretici: Il versity. He has published several books
mondo di Lorenzo Lotto tra Riforma e on Reformation Germany and the history
Controriforma(2001), and Studi sulla vita of anti-Semitism. Recent books include
religiosa nel Cinquecento italiano (2003). The World of Catholic Renewal 1540–
Hans-Jürgen Goertz is Professor of Social 1770 (1998), translated into German and
and Economic History at the University Italian. He is now working on the relations
of Hamburg. He is the author of many between Catholic Europe and China
studies on the radical Reform ation in between the sixteenth and eighteenth cen-
Germany. Recent books include Thomas turies. He is an elected member of the
Müntzer: Apocalyptic Mystic and Visionary Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
(1993), Antiklerikalismus und Refor- Benjamin J. Kaplan is Professor of Dutch
mation: Sozialgeschichtliche Untersuchun- History at University College London, and
gen (1995), and Anabaptists (1996). he holds an appointment in early modern
Bruce Gordonis Reader in Modern History religious history at the University of
and Deputy Director of the Reformation Amsterdam. His publications include
Studies Institute at the University of St. Calvinists and Libertines: Confession and
Andrews. He has recently published (with Community in Utrecht, 1578–1620, which
Peter Marshall) The Place of the Dead: received the Philip Schaff Prize and the
Death and Remembrance in Late Medieval Roland Bainton Prize in History and
and Early Modern Europe (2000) and a Theology. Kaplan’s current book project,
translation of Hans Guggisberg, Sebastian titled Divided by Faith, is a social history of
Castellio, Humanist and Defender of religious toleration in early modern Europe.
Religious Toleration in a Confessional Age Robert M. Kingdon is Professor Emeritus
(2003). His most recent book is The Swiss of History at the University of Wisconsin-
Reformation (2002). Madison. He has been involved in a
x listof contributors
number of editions of documents of the John W. O’Malley is Professor of Church
Reformation period, most recently of the History, Weston Jesuit School of Theology,
Registres du Consistoire de Genève au temps Cambridge, MA. He is a Fellow of the
de Calvin, vols. 1 and 2 (1996, 2001), with American Academy of Arts and Sciences
T. A. Lambert, I. M. Watt, and M. W. and member of the American Philosophical
McDonald. He has also written a number Society; past president of the American
of books and articles on aspects of the Catholic Historical Association and of the
history of the Calvinist Reformation, in- Renaissance Society of America; author of
cluding Myths about the St. Bartholomew’s Praise and Blame in Renaissance Rome, The
Day Massacres, 1572–1576 (1988) and First Jesuits, Trent and All That; and co-
Adultery and Divorce in Calvin’s Geneva editor of The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences, and
(1995). the Arts, 1540–1773.
Robert Kolb is Missions Professor of Sys- José Pedro Paiva studied for his PhD at the
tematic Theology, Concordia Seminary, European University Institute (Florence)
Saint Louis, Missouri, and was associate and is Professor Auxiliar at the Faculty of
editor and editor of The Sixteenth Century Arts of the University of Coimbra. His
Journal (1973–94, 1994–7). He is the main research fields are popular culture and
author of Martin Luther as Prophet, religious and ecclesiastical history during
Teacher, and Hero: Images of the Reformer, the modern age. His publications include
1520–1620 (1999), Luther’s Heirs Define Bruxaria e superstição num país sem caça às
His Legacy: Studies on Lutheran Confes- bruxas: 1600–1774(1997) and five chapters
sionalization (1996), and co-editor, with in the more recent religious history of
Timothy J. Wengert, of The Book of Portugal, História Religiosa de Portuga,
Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical ed. Carlos Moreira Azevedo (2000), vol. 2.
Lutheran Church (2000). He also edited Religious Ceremonials
Amy E. Leonardreceived her PhD in history and Images: Power and Social Meaning
from the University of California at (1400–1750) (2002).
Berkeley in 1999. She is Assistant Professor James R. Palmitessa is Associate Professor
of History at Georgetown University, at Western Michigan State University. He
Washington, DC, and President of the is the author of Material Culture and Daily
Society for Early Modern Catholic Studies. Life in the New City of Prague in the Age of
She has just completed a manuscript on Rudolf II (1997) and “The Prague Upris-
Dominican nuns in Strasbourg, titled ing of 1611: Property, Politics and Catholic
“Nails in the Wall: Ca tholic Nuns in Renewal in the Early Years of Habsburg
Reformation Strasbourg.” Rule,” Central European History, 31/4
William Monter is Professor Emeritus of (1998). He is working on a book on
History at Northwestern. Among recent Prague on the eve of the Thirty Years’ War.
publications are “The Fate of the French Tom Scott is Reader in History at the Uni-
and English Reformations, 1555–1563,” versity of Liverpool and received his LittD
Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance, from the University of Cambridge (2002).
64 (2002), 7–19; “The Roman Inquisition Relevant publications include Freiburg and
and Protestant Heresy Executions in the Breisgau: Town–Country Relations in
16th-Century Europe,” in Atti del Simpo- the Age of Reformation and Peasants’ War
sio internazionale sull’Inquisizione (29–31 (1986); Thomas Muentzer: Theology and
ottobre 1998), ed. Agostino Borromeo Revolution in the German Reformation
(2003), pp. 535–44; and “Witch-Trials in (1989); (ed. with Bob Scribner), The
Continental Europe, 1560–1660,” in S. German Peasants’ War: A History in
Clark and B. Ankarloo, eds., The Athlone Documents (1991); Regional Identity and
History of Witchcraft, vol. 5 (2002), pp. Economic Change: The Upper Rhine,
1–79. 1450–1600 (1997); (ed.), The Peasantries