A Companion to the Early Modern Cardinal PDF
Preview A Companion to the Early Modern Cardinal
A Companion to the Early Modern Cardinal Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A Series of Handbooks and Reference Works on the Intellectual and Religious Life of Europe, 500–1800 Edited by Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) volume 91 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcct A Companion to the Early Modern Cardinal Edited by Mary Hollingsworth Miles Pattenden Arnold Witte leiden | boston Cover illustration: Pier Leone Ghezzi, Clement XI Albani confers the cardinal’s hat on Giulio Alberoni, 1724–25. Oil on canvas, 275 × 425 cm. Museo di Roma, Rome. Photo: Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali – Museo di Roma. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978-90-04-31096-4 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-41544-7 (e-book) Copyright 2020 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Acknowledgements IX List of Figures and Tables X Notes on Editors and Contributors XIII Introduction 1 Mary Hollingsworth, Miles Pattenden and Arnold Witte Part 1 The Concept and Function 1 The Medieval Background to the Cardinal’s Office 9 Barbara Bombi 2 The College of Cardinals 23 Miles Pattenden 3 The Rituals of the Cardinalate: Creation and Abdication 40 Jennifer Mara DeSilva 4 Cardinals in Conclave 58 Mary Hollingsworth 5 The Cardinal Nephew 71 Birgit Emich Part 2 Cardinals and the Church 6 Cardinals, Bishops, and Councils 91 Bernward Schmidt 7 Cardinals and the Inquisition 109 Vincenzo Lavenia vi Contents 8 Cardinal Protectors of Religious Institutions 124 Arnold Witte 9 Cardinals and the Apostolic Penitentiary 144 Kirsi Salonen 10 Cardinals and Theology 154 Jean-Pascal Gay Part 3 Cardinals and Secular Power 11 Cardinal Legates and Nuncios 175 Alexander Koller 12 Cardinal Protectors and National Interests 198 Bertrand Marceau 13 Cardinals as National Politicians 211 Joseph Bergin 14 Cardinals as Prince-Bishops 228 Bettina Braun Part 4 Property and Wealth 15 The Social Background and Education of Cardinals 245 Maria Antonietta Visceglia 16 The Cardinal’s Household 260 Mary Hollingsworth 17 Cardinals’ Property and Income 276 Lucinda Byatt 18 Cardinals’ Testaments: Piety and Charity 294 Fausto Nicolai Contents vii Part 5 Cardinals and Rome 19 Cardinals and the Government of the Papal States 309 Irene Fosi 20 Cardinals and the Vacant See 322 John M. Hunt 21 Cardinals and Their Titular Churches 333 Arnold Witte 22 Cardinals’ Palaces: Architecture and Decoration 351 Patricia Waddy Part 6 Cardinals and Mission 23 Cardinals and the Non-Christian World 375 Miles Pattenden 24 Cardinals and the Greek and Eastern Churches 393 Camille Rouxpetel 25 Cardinals and the Creation of the Spanish Americas 406 Luis Martínez Ferrer 26 Cardinals and the Congregation of the Propaganda Fide 419 Giovanni Pizzorusso Part 7 Cardinals and Literature 27 The Early Modern Historiography of Early Modern Cardinals 435 Miles Pattenden and Arnold Witte 28 Treatises on the Ideal Cardinal 453 David S. Chambers viii Contents 29 Life-Writing and the Saintly Cardinal 470 Pamela M. Jones 30 Cardinals and the Culture of Libraries and Learning 493 Maria Pia Donato Part 8 Cardinals and the Visual Arts 31 Cardinals as Patrons of the Visual Arts 511 Piers Baker-Bates, Mary Hollingsworth and Arnold Witte 32 The Cardinal’s Wardrobe 535 Carol M. Richardson 33 Portraits of Early Modern Cardinals 557 Clare Robertson 34 Cardinals’ Tombs 581 Philipp Zitzlsperger 35 Cardinals, Music, and Theatre 600 Franco Piperno Bibliography 617 Index 687 Acknowledgements This book has been a long time in the making and the authors and editors thank several people and institutions for their support while we have brought it to completion. First and foremost, we express our gratitude to the British Academy and Leverhulme Foundation for the grant which made everything possible financially. We also thank the Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut Rome, the University of Amsterdam, and Wolfson College, Oxford for putting resourc- es of various kinds at our disposal. Amongst the many individuals who have encouraged us, we single out Christopher Bellitto, the general editor of this series, and Ivo Romein at Brill, both of whom showed great faith and patience throughout our project’s gestation. John-Paul Ghobrial gave invaluable feed- back on the project proposal and we are especially grateful to him for that. Several scholars, who do not have essays included here, nevertheless also con- tributed substantially as presenters at our events and we acknowledge them: Nicholas Davidson, David Rundle, Karin Wolfe. Lisa Beaven, Harald Braun, Si- mon Ditchfield, Karen Lloyd, Diarmaid MacCulloch, Ernesto Oyarbide, David Parrott, Jöelle Rollo-Koster, Anthony Wright, and the anonymous German reader commissioned by Brill each offered either general counsel or specific assistance and we thank them too. Finally, a book such as this could not have been brought to fruition without the wider networks of support on which all of us rely. The editors give special thanks to long-suffering partners and fami- lies who probably feel they have heard quite enough about early modern cardinals—even if they know, deep down, that the subject will remain in all of our lives for some time to come. Mary Hollingsworth, Miles Pattenden and Arnold Witte 19th July 2019 Figures and Tables Figures 10.1 Educational background of cardinals, 16th century (numbers) 160 10.2 Educational background of cardinals, 16th century (percentages) 160 10.3 Educational background of cardinals, 17th century (numbers) 161 10.4 Educational background of cardinals, 17th century (percentages) 161 10.5 Educational background of cardinals, 18th century (numbers) 162 10.6 Educational background of cardinals, 18th century (percentages) 162 10.7 Educational background of cardinals, 1500–1799 (percentages) 163 11.1 Taddeo Zuccari, Alessandro Farnese as legate with Charles V and Ferdinand I, fresco ca. 1562–63, Palazzo Farnese, Caprarola. Photo: © A. De Gregorio / De Agostini Picture Library / Bridgeman Images 182 11.2 Giovanni Antonio Galli (lo Spadarino), Mediation of the Peace of Vervins by Cardinal-Legate Alessandro de’ Medici, 1638–41. Fresco, Palazzo Madama, Salone Garibaldi, Rome. Photo: Senato della Repubblica 185 11.3 Layout of the banquet held by the Elector of Mainz on the 13th of August 1582, from: Peter Fleischmann, Des aller Durchleüchtigisten … Fürsten und Herrn Herrn Rudolfen des andern Erwölten Römischen Kaisers … Erstgehaltenen Reichstag zu Augspurg … (Augsburg: 1582), fol. 117. Photo: Bayerische Staats- bibliothek München 194 21.1 Ottavio Leoni, A cardinal’s procession, 1621. Oil on copper, 39.4 × 37.5 cm. Metropolitan Museum New York. Photo: Metropolitan Museum 338 22.1 The 17th-century Roman apartment, diagram. Drawing: Patricia Waddy 356 22.2 Reconstruction of the piano nobile plan of Palazzo Chigi (later Chigi- Odescalchi), 1664–1667. Reconstruction and drawing: Patricia Waddy 358 22.3 Circle of G.L. Bernini, Corame (leather wall hanging), detail with oak leaves on a red background, ca. 1665–70. Ariccia, Palazzo Chigi, Anticamera (Stanza del Toro). Photo: Palazzo Chigi, Ariccia 362 22.4 Reconstruction of the pian terreno plan of Palazzo Chigi (later Chigi- Odescalchi), Rome, 1664–1667. Reconstruction and drawing: Patricia Waddy 364 22.5 Giulio Mazzini and workshop, Galleria degli Stucchi, ca. 1556–60. Rome, Palazzo Capodiferro-Spada. Photo: Alinari 365 31.1 Melozzo da Forlì, Christ in Glory, 1472. Detached fresco, Rome, Palazzo del Quirinale. Photo: Art Collection 2 / Alamy Stock Photo 517 31.2 Filippino Lippi, Carafa Chapel, 1489–93. Rome, Santa Maria Sopra Minerva: Photo: Andrea Jemolo 523
The list of books you might like
