A Companion to Early Modern Lima

542 Pages·2019·58.971 MB·English

by  Emily Engel

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i
A Companion to Early Modern Lima
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/9789004335363_001
ii
Brill’s Companions to the
Americas
History, Societies, Environments and Cultures
VOLUME 2
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcah
iii
A Companion to
Early Modern Lima
 Edited by
Emily A. Engel
LEIDEN | BOSTON
iv
Cover illustration: La Civdad de los Reís de Lima, by Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala. Courtesy of Det
Kongelige Bibliotek, Copenhagen.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Engel, Emily A., 1978- editor.
Title: A companion to early modern Lima / edited by Emily A. Engel.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2019] | Series: Brill’s companions to
the Americas : history, societies, environments and cultures, ISSN
2468-3000 ; volume 2 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018056699 (print) | LCCN 2018059314 (ebook) | ISBN
9789004335363 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004335356 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Lima (Peru)--History--16th century. | Lima (Peru)--Politics
and government--16th century. | Lima (Peru)--Social conditions--16th
century. | Lima (Peru)--Civilization--16th century. | Lima
(Peru)--Colonization. | Urbanization--Peru--Lima--History--16th century. |
Spaniards--Peru--Lima--History--16th century. | Spain--Colonies--America.
| Imperialism--Social aspects--Peru--Lima--History--16th century.
Classification: LCC F3601.3 (ebook) | LCC F3601.3 .C67 2019 (print) | DDC
985/.25502--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018056699
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 2468-3000
isbn 978-90-04-33535-6 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-33536-3 (e-book)
Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill
Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
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ContentCsontents v
Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
Archival Sources xiii
Contributors xiv
Introduction
Locating an American Capital in the Early Modern World 1
 Emily A. Engel
Part 1
 Urban Development and Government
1 The Cultural Trajectory of the Central Peruvian Coast, The Territory and
Its People in the Valleys of Pre-Hispanic Lima 25
 Giancarlo Marcone Flores
2 Before Lima: The Rímac-Lurín Area on the Eve of Spanish Conquest 46
 Peter Eeckhout
3 Taxation, Obligation, and Corporate Identity in 16th-Century Lima 82
 Karen B. Graubart
4 Making Urban Colonial Lima (1535-1650): Pipelines and Plazas 103
 Martha G. Bell and Gabriel Ramón
5 Lima: A Legal City in the Early Colonial Andes (1538-1600) 127
 Renzo Honores
6 Don Juan de Padilla y Pastrana (1596-1670), Advocate of Peru’s Indigenous
Population? 146
 Alexandre Coello de la Rosa
vi Contents
Contents
Contents
Figures and Tables ix
List of Archival Sources xii Part 2
Notes on Contributors xiii
Introduction 1  Society
Emily A. Engel
Part 1
 Urban Development and Government
Chapter 1 7 Lima and the Introduction of Peru into the Global Trade of the 16th
The Cultural Trajectory of the Central Peruvian Coast, The Territory and Its People in the Valleys of Pre-Hispanic Lima 25
 Giancarlo Marcone Flores Century 171
Chapter 2
Before Lima: The Rímac-Lurín Area on the Eve of Spanish Conquest 46  Margarita Suárez
 Peter Eeckhout
Chapter 3
Taxation, Obligation, and Corporate Identity in 16th-Century Lima 82
 Karen B. Graubart 8 Indigenous Populations in Early Lima: Origins, Possessions, and
Chapter 4
Making Urban Colonial Lima (1535-1650): Pipelines and Plazas 103 Networks 196
 Martha G. Bell and Gabriel Ramón
Chapter 5  Gabriela Ramos
Lima: A Legal City in the Early Colonial Andes (1538-1600) 127
 Renzo Honores
Chapter 6
9 Society and Education: The University of San Marcos in the 16th
Don Juan de Padilla y Pastrana (1596-1670), Advocate of Peru’s Indigenous Population? 146
 Alexandre Coello de la Rosa
Century 216
Part 2
 Society  Pedro M. Guibovich Pérez
Chapter 7
Lima and the Introduction of Peru into the Global Trade of the 16th Century 171
 Margarita Suárez
Chapter 8 10 Women Writers and Hispanic Hegemony in the 17th-Century Viceroyalty
Indigenous Populations in Early Lima: Origins, Possessions, and Networks 196
 Gabriela Ramos of Peru: The Cases of Clarinda and Amarilis 235
Chapter 9
Society and Education: The University of San Marcos in the 16th Century 216  Martina Vinatea Recoba
 Pedro M. Guibovich Pérez
Chapter 10
Women Writers and Hispanic Hegemony in the 17th-Century Viceroyalty of Peru: The Cases of Clarinda and Amarilis 235
 Martina Vinatea Recoba 11 “Para el aumento del servicio de Dios [For the intensification of service to
Chapter 11
“Para el aumento del servicio de Dios [For the intensification of service to God]”: Formalization of Piety and Charity in Lima’s Confraternities God]”: Formalization of Piety and Charity in Lima’s Confraternities
during the 16th and 17th Centuries 253
 Diego Edgar Lévano Medina during the 16th and 17th Centuries 253
Chapter 12
Unsettling and Unsettled Readings: Occult Scripts in 16th-Century Lima and the Challenges of Andean Knowledge 275  Diego Edgar Lévano Medina
 Claudia Brosseder
Part 3
 Culture
12 Unsettling and Unsettled Readings: Occult Scripts in 16th-Century Lima
Chapter 13
“Reina, limpia y pura [Queen of Heaven, clean and pure]”, Italian Painters and Marian Imagery in 16th-Century Lima 311
and the Challenges of Andean Knowledge 275
 Irma Barriga Calle
Chapter 14  Claudia Brosseder
Fashioning Lima’s Virgin of Copacabana: Indigenous Strategies of Negotiation in the Colonial Capital 337
 Ximena A. Gómez
Chapter 15
Privileging the Local: Prints and the New World in Early Modern Lima 360
 Emily C. Floyd
Chapter 16 Part 3
British Piracy and the Origins of a Colonial Imaginary in 16th-Century Lima 385
 María Gracia Ríos  Culture
Chapter 17
The Book and Western Culture in 16th-Century Lima 404
 Carlos Alberto González Sánchez
Chapter 18 13 “Reina, limpia y pura [Queen of Heaven, clean and pure]”, Italian Painters
The Callao Contract of 1599: Actors Set the Stage for an Early Modern Lima 424
 Susan Finque and Marian Imagery in 16th-Century Lima 311
Chapter 19
The Sonic Construction of a New Capital: Urban Soundscapes and Acoustic Communities in 16th-Century Lima 442  Irma Barriga Calle
Javier Marín-López
Conclusion 470
Leo J. Garofalo
Index 495 14 Fashioning Lima’s Virgin of Copacabana: Indigenous Strategies of
Negotiation in the Colonial Capital 337
 Ximena A. Gómez
Contents vii
15 Privileging the Local: Prints and the New World in Early Modern
Lima 360
 Emily C. Floyd
16 British Piracy and the Origins of a Colonial Imaginary in 16th-Century
Lima 385
 María Gracia Ríos
17 The Book and Western Culture in 16th-Century Lima 404
 Carlos Alberto González Sánchez
18 The Callao Contract of 1599: Actors Set the Stage for an Early Modern
Lima 424
 Susan Finque
19 The Sonic Construction of a New Capital: Urban Soundscapes and
Acoustic Communities in 16th-Century Lima 442
 Javier Marín-López
Conclusion 470
 Leo J. Garofalo
Index 495
viii Contents
FiguresF aingdu rTaebsl aensd Tables ix
Figures and Tables
Figures
0.1 Theodore de Bry, Americae Pars Magis Cognita, c.1593, in Dritte Buch Americae,
Part 3, Frankfurt. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library (08922) 7
0.2 Bernardo Clemente Principe, “Planta de la muy yllustre ciudad de los reyes
corte del reino”, 1674. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Geography and Map
Division (2010592749) 8
0.3 Pedro Cieza de Leon, “[City construction view]”, Parte primera de la Chronica
del Perv, Antwerp 1554, folio 183v. Image in the public domain 9
0.4 Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, “Civdad La Civdad de los Reís de Lima…”, Nueva
corónica y buen gobierno, c.1615, folio 1031 [1039]. Photograph courtesy of The
Royal Library, National Library of Denmark, Copenhagen  14
1.1 View of Lima-area geography. Photograph courtesy of the author 26
1.2 Map of Lima-area archaeological sites. Photograph courtesy of the author 27
1.3 Chronology for ordering the Peruvian pre-hispanic past. Photograph courtesy
of the author 32
2.1 Subdivisions of the province of Pachacamac during Inca times. Photograph
courtesy of the author 48
2.2 Map of the Central Coast of Peru with approximate localization of chiefdoms
and hunus in Inca times. Photograph courtesy of the author 50
2.3 Map of Rímac-Lurín area with sites mentioned in the text (adapted from an
original by A. Gavazzi). Photograph courtesy of the author 51
2.4 Sketchmap of the Maranga Complex, Rímac Valley (redrawn from an original
by J. Canziani). Photograph courtesy of the author 55
2.5 Sketchmap of Armatambo (redrawn from an original by R. Ravines).
Photograph courtesy of the author 58
2.6 A small pyramid at Armatambo. Photograph courtesy of Luisa Díaz 58
2.7 The Palace of Puruchuco. Photograph courtesy of the author 60
2.8 Plan of the Palace of Puruchuco (redrawn from an original by J. Borja).
Photograph courtesy of the author 60
2.9 Map of the monumental site of Pachacamac. Photograph courtesy of the
author 66
2.10 3-D reconstruction of the Sacred Precinct at Pachacamac, with the Sun Temple
at above right. Photograph courtesy of the author 67
2.11 Southeast terraces of the Temple of the Sun, Pachacamac. Photograph courtesy
of the author 68
x Figures And Tables
2.12 Late Horizon blackware painted bowl from Pachacamac. Photograph courtesy
of the author 71
2.13 Inca textile from Building B15, Pachacamac. Photograph courtesy of the
author 71
2.14 Scattered objects on the floors of Building B15, Pachacamac. Photograph
courtesy of the author 73
2.15 Restored Inca-Chimu vessel from Building B15, Pachacamac. Photograph
courtesy of the author 74
2.16 Restored local Inca drinking cup from Building B15, Pachacamac. Photograph
courtesy of the author 75
3.1 Juan de Matienzo’s design for towns to be established in the Viceroyalty of Peru.
From Juan de Matienzo, Gobierno del Perú [1567]. Reprinted with permission of
Obadiah Rich Collection, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York
Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations 87
4.1 Map of Lima’s municipal pipeline network showing public fountains, c.1613,
Based on: Bromley/Barbagelata, Evolución Urbana, pp. 41-43 and Fig. 3; Clem-
ente Principe, Planta de la muy illustre; and the 18th century map of Lima’s
water system: Plan[o] Topográfico (1787), published and described in Ramón,
“Ilustrar la urbe”, pp. 62-79. See also Bell, “Historical Political Ecology”, Figs. 2-4.
Cartography courtesy of M. Bell 116
4.2 San Sebastián plaza and public fountain, Lima. Photograph courtesy of
G. Ramón 118
7.1 Peruvian silver production, 1531-1600, by decade in pesos of eight reales 184
7.2 Production of Peruvian silver and its exportation from America, by decade in
millions of pesos 188
12.1 “The 1553 Apparition at Porco”. D. Fern.ndez (Palentino), Primera y segunda
parte de la historia del Perú, Seville: Hernando D.az, 1571, segunda parte, libro
segundo, cap. XIIII, fol. 39v. Photograph courtesy of Archive.org <https://
archive.org/stream/bub_gb_6if9F5fbJaoC#page/n3/mode/2up> 281
12.2 Pythagorean wheel, 17th century. Archivo Nacional de Chile, Fondo Varios,
vol. 33. Photograph courtesy of the author 288
13.1 Nuestra Señora de la Antigua, unidentified Sevillian artist, c.1545 oil on wood,
Museo de Arte Religioso de la Basílica Catedral de Lima. Photograph courtesy
of Daniel Giannoni 314
13.2 Virgen de Guadalupe de Extremadura, Diego de Ocaña, 1599-1600 oil on canvas,
Museo de Arte Religioso de la Basílica Catedral de Lima. Photograph courtesy
of Erman Guzmán Reyes 315
13.3 Virgen del Sunturhuasi, unidentified artist, 18th century. Cuzco, oil on copper
plate, Barbosa-Stern Collection, Lima. Photograph courtesy of Daniel
Giannoni  320