A Companion to Death, Burial, and Remembrance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, c.1300-1700 PDF
Preview A Companion to Death, Burial, and Remembrance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, c.1300-1700
A Companion to Death, Burial, and Remembrance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, c.1300– 1700 Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A Series of Handbooks and Reference Works on the Intellectual and Religious Life of Europe, 500– 1800 Edited by Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) volume 94 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ bcct Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access A Companion to Death, Burial, and Remembrance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, c.1300– 1700 Edited by Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle LEIDEN | BOSTON Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access Cover illustration: Pietà, Sizun parish church, Finistère, France. This Pietà was originally part of an early modern calvary in Kersanton granite, located in the parish close of Saint- Suliau church, Sizun. © Martin Tingle. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Booth, Philip, 1986- editor. | Tingle, Elizabeth C., editor. Title: A companion to death, burial, and remembrance in late Medieval and early modern Europe, c.1300-1700 / edited by Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2021] | Series: Brill’s companions to the Christian tradition, 1871-6377 ; volume 94 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020037559 | ISBN 9789004361232 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004443433 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Death–Religious aspects–Christianity. | Memorialization–Europe. | Mourning customs–Europe. Classification: LCC BT825 .C655 2021 | DDC 236/.1–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037559 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/b rill- typeface issn 1871-6 377 isbn 978-9 0-0 4-3 6123-2 (hardback) isbn 978-9 0-0 4-4 4343-3 (e- book) Copyright 2021 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Requests for re- use and/ or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV via brill.com or copyright.com. This book is printed on acid- free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Figures x Abbreviations xiii Notes on Contributors xiv Introduction: Dying, Death, and Commemoration, 1350– 1700 1 Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle part 1 Dying, Death, Burial and the Afterlife 1 Changing Western European Visions of Christian Afterlives, 1350– 1700: Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory 33 Elizabeth Tingle 2 Preparations for a Christian Death: The Later Middle Ages 72 Stephen Bates 3 Deathbed and Burial Rituals in Late Medieval Catholic Europe 106 Madeleine Gray 4 “Do This in Remembrance of Me”: Offerings, Identity, and Bills in the Medieval English Royal Funeral 132 Anna M. Duch 5 The Reformation of Burial in the Protestant Churches 156 Gordon D. Raeburn 6 The Counter Reformation and Preparations for Death in the European Roman Catholic Church, 1550– 1700 175 Elizabeth Tingle 7 Dying, Death and Burial in the Christian Orthodox Tradition: Byzantium and the Greek Churches, ca. 1300– 1700 199 Zachary Chitwood Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access vi Contents 8 Death, Burial and Remembrance: The Christian Orthodox Tradition in the East of Europe 225 Ludwig Steindorff part 2 Cultural and Emotional Responses to Loss: Grief and Commemoration 9 Body, Liturgy, and Tomb Monuments in the Later Middle Ages 251 Robert Marcoux 10 Images of Death in Art and Literature in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe (1300– 1700) 272 Christina Welch 11 Funeral Sermons and the Reformation: The British Isles and Germany Part i. Funeral Sermons over Time: From Catholic to Protestant in the British Isles 300 Jacqueline Eales Part ii. Protestant Funeral Sermons in Early- Modern Germany 319 Ruth Atherton 12 Dramatizing and Celebrating Death in the Early- Modern Visual Arts: The Fortunes of the Post- Tridentine Iconography of Martyrdom 339 Ralph Dekoninck 13 The Motion of Another’s Death: Grief and Mourning 368 Christopher Ocker 14 Relics and Saints: Commemoration and Memorialization of the Holy Dead 393 Freddy C. Domínguez Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access Contents vii 15 The Undead: Ghosts and Revenants 418 Polina Ignatova Bibliography 439 Index 500 Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access Acknowledgements The authors and editors of this volume owe many debts of thanks. We would like to thank the staff of all the libraries and archives listed in our footnotes, for works of scholarship are not possible without their assistance. We would also like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers of the volume for their perceptive and helpful comments. Thanks are also due to Brill and in particularly to Chris- topher Bellitto as series editor. The volume was completed during the global pandemic of covid- 19. Librar- ies, archives and universities were closed, and scholars had to adjust to new ways of working. It seems fitting that a volume on death and remembrance should be finished when these were at the forefront of society’s discussions about the future. For this reason, we would like to dedicate the volume to the care workers who saved many lives and to those whose lives were lost to the Coronavirus pandemic of 2020. Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle June 2020 Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access List of Figures 2.1 The weighing of souls, with the Virgin Mary intervening, mid- 14th century, St Botolph, Slapton, Northamptonshire. Logically the Virgin does not practice the rosary, so the beads used in her intervention here reflect the lifetime pieties of the devotee in preparation for judgement. © Stephen Bates 82 2.2 The three living and the three dead, 15th century, St Giles, Packwood, Warwickshire. The figures are unusually positioned here on either side of the chancel arch, making them a central feature of the painted scheme of the church and (probably) associating them with a scene of the Last Judgement. © Stephen Bates 84 2.3 The cadaver monument to Bishop Richard Foxe (d. 1528), Winchester Cathedral. The striking image of a disintegrating body intentionally contrasts with the reputation of the wealthy statesman and cleric in an act of abjection designed to unsettle the viewer. © Stephen Bates 86 2.4 Faith, St Mary & All Saints, Willingham, Cambridgeshire, early 16th century. The virtue is anthropomorphised as a woman holding a chalice in one hand and a cross in the other. The image forms part of a scheme in which the biblical virtues on the south wall of the nave face the cardinal virtues painted on the north wall. © Stephen Bates 89 2.5 Death of the Virgin, alabaster panel, 37.6 × 24.2 cm, late 15th century. A.9-1 946. Mary passes a palm branch to the beardless apostle John. It symbolised her victory over sin and death: like the martyrs, who also carry palms, her soul will go directly to heaven. Her deathbed is a pious, serene, and communal event. © Victoria and Albert Museum, UK. Reproduced with permission 101 7.1 Patterns of Sovereign Patronage on Mount Athos in the Late Middle Ages. Created by the author on the basis of Google Maps 210 7.2 Present- day view of the Monastery of Dionysiou, from the west. Photo taken by Zachary Chitwood, September 2019 212 7.3 Artistic rendering of the Monastery of Dionysiou, with captions showing the various parts of the monastic grounds. Printed at Venice in 1780. Display from the Byzantine Museum of Culture in Thessaloniki. Photo taken by Zachary Chitwood, September 2019 214 7.4 Present- day view of the Monastery of St Paul, from the west. Photo taken by Zachary Chitwood, September 2019 221 7.5 Wooden commemorative register (brebeion) from the Church of Forty Martyrs, near Saranda (contemporary southern Albania), 1593– 4. Display from the Byzantine Museum of Culture in Thessaloniki. Photo taken by Zachary Chitwood, September 2019 223 Philip Booth and Elizabeth Tingle - 978-90-04-44343-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/22/2020 03:44:07PM via free access
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