A Companion to Cultural Resource Management

590 Pages·2011·2.791 MB·English

by  Thomas F. King (ed.)

Praise for A Companion to Cultural Resource Management
If anyone knows CRM, it’s Tom King. As editor of A Companion to Cultural Resource Management
he has chosen his topics and authors well, chapters are uniformly well-written and accessible. Students
in my CRM seminar can look forward to seeing it as a required reading, and I would hope that it
would be on the desks of anyone involved in CRM, from planners to shovelbums!
Larry J. Zimmerman, PhD, RPA, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
From buildings to landscapes, solid artifacts to intangible concepts, Thomas King has compiled
another winner with a collection of perspectives on the range of “cultural resources” from those
people who actually manage them. Practitioners and students alike will turn to this Companion
to guide their work and help them “manage” the world’s heritage.
Joe Watkins, PhD, RPA, Director, Native American Studies Program,
University of Oklahoma
A Companion to Cultural Resource Management is a valuable resource in its own right:
a comprehensive and intelligent introduction to the many dimensions of contemporary CRM,
accessible to the novice wanting to learn more and yet with a depth and breadth that even the most
experienced specialist will find useful. It presents an expansive and thoughtful treatment of this
complex topic and as such deserves to be read by everyone concerned with how we identify and deal
with the cultural resources we value.
Alexander Bauer, Queens College, CUNY, Editor of the International
Journal of Cultural Property
Tom King has marshalled an impressively large and diverse set of experienced CRM practitioners
whose contributions thoughtfully assist the reader in disentangling the complexities of cultural resource
management. This book is modestly self-described as a “companion” for those endeavoring to make
headway in the world of CRM but more accurately should be considered a “must read” for anyone
who considers themselves seriously conversant in the topic.
John F. Doershuk, PhD, State Archaeologist, University of Iowa
Reflecting a truly expansive view of “cultural resource” and discussing a broad range of important
topics, this volume features an impressive array of CRM practitioners sharing their enlightening
perspectives, experiences and research.
Jeffrey Bendremer, Director, Tribal Historic Preservation Program,
Salish-Kootenai College
Working with the historic environment is a complex and demanding process. One needs awareness
of the many elements that make it up, sensitivity to different approaches and the humility to realise
that often one needs help and guidance in areas of which you know little or nothing. This volume
offers just such guidance for practitioners, in an effective, pragmatic and informative way. It is the
best kind of textbook: a useful and engaging one.
Roger White, Director Ironbridge Institute, University of Birmingham
A great tour de force by Tom King! Our firm uses several of the editor’s previous books in our staff
training program for archaeologists, historians, geographers, and other CRM specialists. This new and
significant companion volume provides a rich variety of topics and perspectives, along with in-depth
consideration of issues that are of real importance in modern cultural resources management. Chapter
authors hit their marks. And they hit mine as well! I strongly recommend this fine book to both agency
managers and CRM practitioners of all types. Perhaps even more important, I wholeheartedly suggest
the adoption of this book to professors in history, anthropology, archaeology, and geography. Resource
managers, both in agencies and consulting firms, would love to see more graduate programs strengthen
their curriculums using this new volume.
Paul Brockington, Brockington and Associates
Comprehensive coverage of the contemporary issues and challenges of cultural resource management.
An essential aid for professionals practicing in CRM.
Claire Smith, President, World Archaeological Congress
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The Blackwell Companions to Anthropology offers a series of comprehensive
syntheses of the traditional subdisciplines, primary subjects, and geographic
areas of inquiry for the field. Taken together, the series represents both a
contemporary survey of anthrop ology and a cutting edge guide to the emerging
research and intellectual trends in the field as a whole.
1. A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology edited by Alessandro Duranti
2. A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics edited by David Nugent and
Joan Vincent
3. A Companion to the Anthropology of American Indians edited by Thomas
Biolsi
4. A Companion to Psychological Anthropology edited by Conerly Casey and
Robert B. Edgerton
5. A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan edited by Jennifer
Robertson
6. A Companion to Latin American Anthropology edited by Deborah
Poole
7. A Companion to Biological Anthropology, edited by Clark Larsen
(hardback only)
8. A Companion to the Anthropology of India, edited by Isabelle Clark-
Decès
9. A Companion to Medical Anthropology edited by Merrill Singer and
Pamela I. Erickson
10. A Companion to Cognitive Anthropology edited by David B, Kronenfeld,
Giovanni Bennardo, Victor de Munck, and Michael D. Fischer
11. A Companion to Cultural Resource Management, Edited by Thomas
King
12. A Companion to the Anthropology of Education, Edited by Bradley A.U.
Levinson and Mica Pollack
13. A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body, Edited by Frances E.
Mascia-Lees
Forthcoming
A Companion to Forensic Anthropology, edited by Dennis Dirkmaat
A Companion to the Anthropology of Europe, edited by Ullrich Kockel, Máiréad
Nic Craith, and Jonas Frykman
A Companion to Paleopathology, edited by Anne L. Grauer
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A Companion
to Cultural
Resource
Management
Edited by
Thomas F. King
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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This edition first published 2011
© 2011 Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A companion to cultural resource management / edited by Thomas F. King.
p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to anthropology ; 17)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-9873-8 (hardback)
1. Historic sites–Conservation and restoration. 2. Historic buildings–Conservation and restoration.
3. Architecture–Conservation and restoration. 4. Historic preservation. 5. Cultural property–
Protection. 6. Cultural policy. 7. Antiquities–Collection and preservation. I. King, Thomas F.
CC135.C534 2011
363.6′9–dc22
2011002989
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDFs 9781444396041; Wiley Online
Library 9781444396065; ePub 9781444396058
Set in 11/13pt Galliard by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
1 2011
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Contents
Notes on Contributors viii
Acknowledgments xvi
Introduction 1
Thomas F. King
Part I General Classes of Cultural Resources 11
1 Studying and Evaluating the Built Environment 13
Kathryn M. Kuranda
2 Principles of Architectural Preservation 29
David L. Ames and Leila Hamroun
3 Archaeology of the Distant Past 54
Michael J. Moratto
4 Archaeology of the Recent Past 78
Thomas F. King
5 Geographies of Cultural Resource Management: Space,
Place and Landscape 95
William M. Hunter
6 Culturally Signifi cant Natural Resources: Where Nature
and Culture Meet 114
Anna J. Willow
7 History as a Cultural Resource 128
Deborah Morse-Kahn
8 Portable Cultural Property: “This Belongs in a Museum?” 141
Wendy Giddens Teeter
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vi CONTENTS
9 “Intangible” Cultural Resources: Values are in the Mind 156
Sheri Murray Ellis
10 Religious Belief and Practice 172
Michael D. McNally
11 Language as an Integrated Cultural Resource 203
Bernard C. Perley
Part II Special Types of Cultural Resources 221
12 Challenges of Maritime Archaeology: In Too Deep 223
Sean Kingsley
13 Historic Watercraft: Keeping Them Afl oat 245
Susan B. M. Langley
14 Historic Aircraft and Spacecraft: Enfants Terribles 263
Ric Gillespie
15 Studying and Managing Aerospace Crash Sites 272
Craig Fuller and Gary Quigg
16 Evaluating and Managing Technical and Scientifi c
Properties: Rockets, Tang™, and Telescopes 281
Paige M. Peyton
17 Historic Battlefi elds: Studying and Managing Fields of Confl ict 298
Nancy Farrell
18 Managing Our Military Heritage 319
D. Colt Denfeld
19 Linear Resources and Linear Projects: All in Line 337
Charles W. Wheeler
20 Rock Art as Cultural Resource 351
Linea Sundstrom and Kelley Hays-Gilpin
Part III Perspectives on Cultural Resource Management 371
21 Consultation in Cultural Resource Management:
An Indigenous Perspective 373
Reba Fuller
22 A Displaced People’s Perspective on Cultural Resource
Management: Where We’re From 385
David Nickell
Part IV Legal, Administrative, and Practical Contexts 403
23 Cultural Resource Laws: The Legal Mélange 405
Thomas F. King
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CONTENTS vii
24 International Variety in Cultural Resource Management 420
Thomas J. Green
25 Consultation and Negotiation in Cultural
Resource Management 439
Claudia Nissley
26 Being a US Government Cultural Resource Manager 454
Russell L. Kaldenberg
27 Making a Living in Private Sector Cultural
Resource Management 472
Tom Lennon
28 The Historic Built Environment: Preservation and Planning 488
Diana Painter
29 CRM and the Military: Cultural Resource Management 515
Michael K. Trimble and Susan Malin-Boyce
30 A Future for Cultural Resource Management? 534
Thomas F. King
Index 550
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Notes on
Contributors
David L. Ames is Professor of Urban Affairs and Public Policy and Geography
and Material Culture Studies, Director of Center for Historic Architecture
and Design, and Faculty Coordinator of the Masters Program in Historic
Preservation at the University of Delaware. Ames, a geographer, historic pres-
ervationist, and planner, teaches graduate courses in those subjects. His recent
research in the Center for Historic Architecture and Design has involved
Delaware’s Byways program for which he completed a nomination for the
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Historic Byway. His publications
include a book with Richard Wagner, Design and Historic Preservation: The
Challenge of Compatibility (2009), and article “The Challenge of Nominating
the Underground Railroad in Delaware as a Scenic and Historic Byway,” in
Preservation Education & Research #2, 2009. He is also coauthor with Linda
McClelland of the National Register Bulletin, Historic Residential Suburbs:
Guidelines for Evaluation and Documentation.
D. Colt Denfeld has a PhD from the University of Illinois and a number of
years’ experience in managing our military heritage. He is presently an archi-
tectural historian at Joint Base Lewis-McChord (formerly Fort Lewis) and
manages over 300 historic buildings. Dr Denfeld spent 8 years documenting
World War II Japanese and American military artifacts in the Pacific. He sur-
veyed 20 islands to locate and identify surviving reminders of the War in the
Pacific. Dr Denfeld has also served in State Historic Preservation Office work.
One of his main research interests has been the role of culture in how coun-
tries respond to and fight wars.
Sheri Murray Ellis, MS is a senior project manager, preservation specialist,
and NEPA practitioner for SWCA Environmental Consultants. She has worked
as an environmental consultant for the past 20 years and has focused her
efforts on the western United States and Alaska. Sheri has a diverse preservation
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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix
skill set ranging from historical archaeology to architectural history to assist-
ing clients in consulting with Native American tribes and other culture groups.
She also specializes in helping clients navigate the often confusing world of
environmental regulations. Sheri strives to develop creative solutions to cul-
tural and environmental challenges and to buck established but ineffective
cultural resource management practices.
Nancy Farrell has been working as an archaeologist and historian in the
western United States, Hawai’i, and Micronesia since the 1960s. After a career
with a variety of local, state, and federal agencies, including the US Army
Corps of Engineers and private environmental and engineering firms, she co-
founded Cultural Resource Management Services in 1985 and is now President
of that firm. She currently serves on the board of directors of the American
Cultural Resources Association. Ms Farrell is the daughter of a US Marine
who fought in the Pacific Theater in World War II. She became interested in
battlefields while working in western Micronesia in the late 1970s and experi-
encing the effects of that war on the land and the peoples of the region.
Craig Fuller has been researching and documenting historic-era aircraft crash
sites since 1984. He has visited over 500 aircraft crash sites throughout the
United States, Europe, and Micronesia. He is a former chief flight instructor
at Arizona State University and has more than 3,000 hours of flight experi-
ence. In 1997 Craig formed Aviation Archaeological Investigation and Research
(AAIR), a business dedicated to researching and documenting old aircraft
crashes. Craig has a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Science
with a minor in Aviation Safety/Accident Investigation from Embry Riddle
Aeronautical University in Prescott, Arizona. After assisting state and federal
agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service, and
National Park Service, in identifying, recording, and managing numerous air-
craft crash sites, he chose to pursue a Master of Arts degree in Cultural
Resources Management at Sonoma State University in Cotati, California.
Reba Fuller is a member of the Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians and lives
on the Tuolumne Rancheria, on the west side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains
in California. Ms Fuller is the great-granddaughter of the late Chief William
Fuller, who helped establish the Rancheria in 1907 and represented the
California Indians in their pursuit of the California Indian Lands Claim
Settlement. Ms Fuller currently provides liaison between the Tribe and f ederal,
state, and local agencies on proposed projects that may have direct or indirect
impacts on tribal lands or cultural resources. She has been involved for almost
40 years in tribal affairs, and for the past 20 years has involved h erself in the
protection and preservation of her traditional cultural heritage. She has been
instrumental in developing the Tribe’s Cultural Committee, agreements pro-
tecting tribal interests on proposed land projects, government-to-government
relations with federal agencies, and protecting the Tribe’s intellectual property
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x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
rights. Ms Fuller may be reached at Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians,
Post Office Box 699, Tuolumne, CA 95379, office 209.928.5300 or e-mail:
[email protected].
In 1985, Ric Gillespie left a career as an aviation risk manager and accident
investigator to found The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery
(TIGHAR, pronounced tiger). The non-profit foundation conducts historical
investigations and promotes responsible aviation archaeology and historic pres-
ervation. As TIGHAR’s executive director, Ric has conducted dozens of edu-
cational seminars at air museums around the United States and has organized
and moderated conferences of air museum professionals in Britain and Europe.
He has also led over three dozen aviation archaeological expeditions to remote
areas of the United States, Canada, Europe, Micronesia, and New Guinea.
Thomas J. Green has been the Director of the Arkansas Archeological Survey,
an independent unit of the University of Arkansas System, since 1992. The
Survey has 11 research stations across Arkansas conducting research and pro-
viding opportunities for the public to participate in archaeological research.
Prior to moving to Arkansas, Green was the State Archaeologist and Deputy
State Historic Preservation Officer in Idaho. His international experience has
been mostly in the Kingdom of Jordan. He received his PhD from Indiana
University in 1977.
Leila Hamroun, AIA, LEED AP, principal in the Heritage Design
Collaborative (Philadelphia, PA), has been active in preservation architecture
and planning for over 20 years, with extensive national and international expe-
rience in the full scope of preservation design services, from long-term plan-
ning for historic urban centers to award-winning restoration projects and
design guidelines for historic districts. She has designed and managed several
large private and public projects, developing complex – yet consensual – multi-
disciplinary approaches based on a thorough understanding of project goals
and challenges, and sustained collaboration and communication with all
involved. Her preservation philosophy is rooted in personal, academic, and
professional trajectories that took her from North Africa to Europe and the
United States, and resulted in an array of perspectives on the built heritage.
She believes in long-term, sustainable preservation planning, and strongly
encourages clients to engage in interpretive planning and educational pro-
gramming to provide leadership in heritage stewardship by example.
Kelley Hays-Gilpin is Professor of Anthropology at Northern Arizona University,
and Curator of Anthropology at the Museum of Northern Arizona. She holds a
PhD in Anthropology from the University of Arizona, and has nearly 30 years of
experience studying rock art and pottery in the Southwest. She has authored
numerous articles and books, including Ambiguous Images: Gender and Rock
Art, which won the 1995 Society for American Archaeology book award.
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