A commentary on Ovid: Fasti, book VI PDF
Preview A commentary on Ovid: Fasti, book VI
A COMMENTARY ON OVID: FASTI, BOOK VI Arx Quirinal 1 1. Temple of Juno Moneta 2. Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus Campus 3. Temple of Concord Martius 4. Tabularium 5. Temple of Saturn FlaCmiirnciuuss11 F1o102ru9m8 7 Capit2oliumCli4vusC5ap3itolinus 25 RoF2m2o43raunmumArgiletum 67891111....0123 TTTT.... TPTeeeeTmmmmeeoemmrppppmtillllppceeeeplul eelooooes ffff o o ooJBAJfff f uu H AepJOnplopeuloicolotrnletc nolaSolura ov MolSReiasetsepad giMttioicanurua s(sPa Srouormtsiciaunsu Osctaviae) Holitorum6 CarPmoerntatalis Vicus Iugarius 20 19 Sacra Via 111456... HTTeeommusppellee o oof ffA VCuiygcbutoesrltyeus Velabrum 21 17. Casa Romuli Nova Via 22 18. Cave of the Lupercal Tuscus 122901... RTAetermgiuipamle V oefs tVaeesta Pons Aemilius BFooarruiumm Vicus 16 1154 MPuogrotnaia Old Wall 22222345.... TCLSaetoapmmtiuspite liNeu o miogf feM Jraurpsiytears S.tator (Sacra Via) 17 18 13 Palatine Pons Sublicius Porta Trigemina River Lucus Tiber Stimula Circus Maximus Plan1. TheCityofRome A Commentary on Ovid: Fasti Book VI R. JOY LITTLEWOOD 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide inOxfordNewYork AucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachi KualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobi NewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiToronto WithoYcesin ArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreece GuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingapore SouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork (cid:1)R.JoyLittlewood2006 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2006 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Littlewood,R.Joy. AcommentaryonOvid:FastibookVI/R.JoyLittlewood. p.cm. Includesbiblographicalreferencesandindexes. ISBN-13:978-0-19-927134-4(alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-19-927134-8(alk.paper) 1.Ovid,43B.C.-17orA.D.Fasti.Book6.2.Didaticpoetry, Latin–Historyandcriticism. 3.Fastiandfeastsinliterature. 4.Calendarinliterature.I.Ovid,43B.C.-17or18A.D.Fasti. Book6.II.Title. PA6519.F6A62006 871’.01–dc22 2006006158 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN0-19-927134-8 978-0-19-927134-4 13579108642 Preface SeventyyearsafterFrazerpublishedhismonumentalcommentaryon Ovid’sFastiin1929,thereappearedtheWrstofawaveofnewEnglish commentaries:ElaineFantham’sOvid:FastiBookIV,followedin2004 by Steven Green’s Ovid Fasti Book 1. It is perhaps appropriate that Fasti6shouldcomenext,inordertocompletetheouter‘frame’for Ovid’s Wrst sixbooks with its thematiccontrasts andsimilarities. At least one other Fasti commentary is currently in preparation, and it seemslikelythattheendofthedecadewillseeacompletesetofsix. TherediscoveryofFastiasanimportantworkofAugustanliterature was stimulated by the publication of a new Teubner text in 1978 by Alton, Wormell, and Courtney (AWC). The subsequent Xow of art- icles and monographs included valuable surveys in the Cambridge (2001)andBrill’s(2002)CompanionstoOvid,andculminatedina bookoftwelveessays,Ovid’sFasti:HistoricalReadingsatitsBimillen- nium, edited by Geraldine Herbert-Brown in 2002, its content ran- ging across Augustan politics, Roman religion, the calendar, astronomy, literary criticism, and the iconography of Augustan monuments. This concentration of scholarship on a single poem testiWes to the challenge and complexity of Ovid’s Fasti. That a poem written by Rome’s most inXuential poet at the height of his successandsimultaneouslywithhisMetamorphosesshouldhavebeen neglected,misjudged,andunderestimatedacrosssomanyyearsisone ofthemostremarkablephenomenainWesternliterature. This commentary aims to highlight the essential components of Ovid’sliterarytreatmentoftheRomancalendarinitscontextinthe lateAugustanPrincipate.ThesevensectionsoftheIntroductionaim to demonstrate how contemporary political and religious changes are reXected in Ovid’s Fasti (sections 1–2); Ovid’s expansion of the elegiacgenrethroughtheantiquariancontentofBook6(sec.3);how thethemesofFasti6contributetoitsunusualslanttowardsworship in times of war, balancing Fasti 1, a celebration of Peace (sec. 4); Ovid’snarrativetechnique(sec.5)andhisuseofLivy’shistories(sec. 6);and,brieXy,thetextualtraditionofFasti6(sec.7). vi Preface Iamdeeplyindebtedtoanumberofscholarswhohavegenerously given of their time and expertise. My Wrst thanks must go to Robin Nisbet who, with characteristic prescience, pointed me towards Ovid’s Fasti in the late 1970s and patiently set me on the path to appreciatingthiscontroversialandenigmaticwork.Itgivesmegreat pleasure, also, to express the warmest gratitude to Elaine Fantham, Peta Fowler, Geraldine Herbert-Brown, and John F. Miller for their encouragementandvaluablescholarlycriticismastheyreadthrough a series of unpromising drafts. They have saved me from innumer- able errors of judgement; for those which remain, I am of course entirelyresponsible.SincerethanksareduetoMariaPiaMalvezziof theBritishSchoolinRome,whogenerouslyarrangedmanyappoint- mentsformetovisitsites,museumsandartefactsduringmyvisitto Rome in September 2004, to Sylvia Diebner of D.A.I. (Rome) who spentseveralhourshelpingmetoselectphotographicnegatives,and, most particularly, to my travelling companion, Peta Fowler, who played a major part in planning the trip. This project has been enriched by the kindness of Philip Hardie, Stephen Harrison, and GregoryHutchinsonoftheUniversityofOxfordwhowelcomedme to their seminars and colloquia, from which a number of lively discussions have contributed to this commentary. Iowe a consider- abledebtofgratitudetoHilaryO’SheaandhercolleaguesatOxford UniversityPressfortheirpatientguidance.Ishouldalsoliketothank for their valuable contributions from widely diVerent areas of professional expertise: Mensun Bound, Donald Hill, Andreas Lo¨we, and, in particular, my two sons, Cedric and Julian Littlewood. My greatest debt, however, is to my husband, John, whose wise and tactful criticism was always accompanied by loyal and unstinting encouragement. R.J.L. Dorchester-on-Thames Oxfordshire April2005 Contents ListofWguresandplans viii Abbreviations x Introduction xiii 1. Ovid’sFastiinitshistoricalcontext xiii 2. Augustus’reorganizationofRomanreligionandits impactonFasti6 xxii 3. Genreandantiquarianism xxxv 4. Themes lii 5. Ovid’snarrativetechnique lxvii 6. Ovid’sdebttoLivy inFasti6 lxxv 7. Thetext lxxxii Listofalternativereadings lxxxiv StructuraloutlineofOvid’scalendar forJune lxxxv COMMENTARY 1 Bibliography 236 Indexnominum 249 Indexrerum 255 Indexverborum 258 W List of gures and plans Figures 1. TheSorrentobase xxiv 2. Ceres,Tellus,orPaxfromAraPacisAugustae xxix 3. TheAltaroftheLaresfromthevicusSandalarius xxxiii 4. TerracottaanteWx:JunoSospitawithgoatskin headdress xli 5. Etruscanbronzemirror:JunosucklingHercules xlv 6. Terracottarevetmentshowingchariotprocession xlviii 7. JunoofLanuvium liv 8. Larariumfresco:Vestaanddonkey lix 9. LiberandVolcanusasayoungwarriorgod lxi 10. BelvedereAltarshowingapotheosisofDivusIulius lxvi 11. Palladiumstatuefromthe‘TheftofthePalladium’ 131 12. MaterMatuta:Etruscancinerarystatue 146 13. Ino:headfrompedimentofTempleofMater Matuta,Pyrgi 158 14. TwoFortunaeatalectisternium,marblesculpture 170 15. ReliefoffuneralscenefromAmiternum 198 16. DrawingofdiaulosfromtheGiglioshipwreck (580bc) 205 Figuresandplans ix Plans 1. CityofRome,showingmainareasmentionedin Ovid’sFasti6 ii 2. Capitolium 56 3. ForumRomanum 125 4. ForumBoarium 150
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