A Collection of Papers Presented at the 14th Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials, Part 1 of 2: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 11, Issue 7/8

576 Pages·1990·29.109 MB·English

14th Annual Conference on
Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials
Liselotte J. Schioler
Program Chair
A Collection of Papers Presented at the
14th Annual Conference on
Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials
Sponsored by the
Engineering Ceramics Division
The American Ceramic Society, Inc.
January 14-17, 1990
Cocoa Beach Holiday Inn and
Cocoa Beach Hilton and Towers
Cocoa Beach, FL
ISSN 0196-6219
Published by
The American Ceramic Society, Inc.
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Copyright@ 1990, The American Ceramic Society, Inc.
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CESPDK Vol. pp.
11, NO. 7-8, 549-1133, 1990
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1990,
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Each issue of Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings includes a collection of
technical articles in a general area of interest, such glass, engineering ceramics, and
as
refractories. These articles are of practical value for the ceramic industries. The
issues are based on the proceedings of a conference. Both The American Ceramic
Society, Inc., and non-Society conference8 provide these technical articles. Each issue
is organiced by an editor who selects and edits material from the conference. Some
issue8 may not be complete representations of the conference proceedings. There is
no other review prior to publication.
1
Preface
The Fourteenth Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced
Ceramics, held 14-17 January 1990 in Cocoa Beach, FL, was a great
success. One hundred three papers and 23 posters were presented
during the meeting. Ninety of the total are published in these two
issues of Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings. The technical
sessions covered all aspects of ceramic matrix composites as well as
relationships in monolithic ce-
processing/microstructure/property
ramics.
The James I. Mueller lecture, "Is There Anything of Practical Value
Hidden Amongst the Composite Toughening Theories? A Jim Mueller
Perspective," was presented by Frank Gac. This lecture was followed
by the Plenary session that included presentations from DOD, DARPA,
DOE, NASA, AND NIST, followed by a talk on the status of the
Engineering Ceramics Division by Bill Payne, the president of ACerS.
The panel discussion, organized by Ron Barks, "The Business of
Technology: Accelerating Development with Acquired Technology," was
well attended. Summaries of the plenary and panel discussion
presentations are included in these Proceedings. The papers given by
the invited speakers are also included.
A one-day special seminar on "Reaction-Based Processing" was
organized by Dick Spriggs that included 16 papers on these exciting
processing techniques.
For the first time, ECD presented awards for the Best Overall
Presentation in Student and Non-Student Categories. The winner in the
Student Category was "Mechanical Behavior of Nicalon-Reinforced
Calcium Aluminosilicate Composites," presented by S. -W. Wang, a
graduate student at the University of Delaware, and co-authored by A.
Parvizi-Majidi. In the Non-Student Category, the winner was "Room-
Temperature Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Silicon Carbide Fiber-
Reinforced Aluminosilicate Glass," presented by Larry Zawada of the
Air Force Materials Lab and co-authored by Larry Butkus of AFML
and George Hartman of University of Dayton Research Institute.
Awards for Best Poster were also presented. The winners were: 1st
Prize Student Category for "Finite Element Studies of Crack Deflection
in Ceramics," by J. S. Lyons, T. L. Starr, and C. W. Meyers of the
Georgia Institute of Technology; 2nd Prize Student Category for "Effect
of Green Microstructure on Microwave Processing of Alumina," by A.
S. De, I. Ahmad, D. E. Clark, and E. D. Whitney of the University of
Florida; 1st Prize Non-Student Category for "Microstructural
Characterization of a New VLS TiN Whisker Product," by T. A. Nolan,
...
111
L. F. Allard, and D. Coffey of Oak Ridge National Lab; and 2nd
W.
Prize Non-Student Category for "Creep and Oxidation of Sic Whisker-
Reinforced Alumina," by H. Hubner and 0. K. Lorenz of Technische
Universitat Hamburg-Hamburg. All the award-winning presentations
and posters are presented in these Proceedings.
Kaycee Logan, who organized the poster session and chaired the
awards committee, deserves a special thanks for a job well done. I
would also like to thank the session chairs who performed an invaluable
service and also reviewed all the manuscripts, and the student pages
who are so essential to the smooth operation of the meeting. Finally, I
would like to thank the authors, without whom the meeting would
never have happened.
Liselotte J. Schioler
Program Chair
Engineering Ceramics Division
The American Ceramic Society
(Editor's Note: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on
Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials appear in both this issue
and in Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, volume 11 ,
number 9-10.)
iv
Table of Contents
James I. Mueller Memorial Lecture
Is There Anything of Practical Value Hidden
Amongst the Composite-Toughening Theories?!-A
............................
Jim Mueller Perspective 551
Frank D. Gac
National Goals in EnrrineerinPr
Ceramics
The Department of Defense Materials and Structures
.....................
Science and Technology Programs 573
Jerome Persh
.............
NASA Advanced Ceramics Program Overview 574
Brian F. Quigley
..................
Advanced Ceramics Program at NIST 575
Stephen M. Hsu
Opportunities for the Industrial Application of
..................
Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composites 576
Scott Richlen
The Spectacular Growth of the Engineering Ceramics
.......................................
Division 578
William H. Payne
Microstructural Effects on the Mechanical
Properties of Monolithic Ceramics-I
Microstructure, R-Curves, and Strength of
..............................
Monophase Ceramics 591
Brian R.
Lawn
The Microstructural Design of a Mechanically
...................
Interlocking Ceramic Microstructure 594
J. W. Iaughner
V
Microstructural Characterization of Silicon Nitride
Ceramics Processed by Pressureless Sintering,
.................
Overpressure Sintering, and Sinter HIP 603
K. R. Selkregg, K. L. More, G. Seshadri, and C. H. McMurty
S.
Secondary Phase Devitrification Effects upon the
........
Static Fatigue Resistance of Sintered Silicon Nitride 616
George D. Quinn and Wolfgang R. Braue
The Effect of Microstructure on the High-
Temperature Deformation Behavior of Sintered
...................................
Silicon Nitride 633
P. J. Whalen, C. J. Gadsaska, and R. D. Silvers
Dynamic Fracture Toughness and Microstructural
.....................
Fracture Mechanisms in Ceramics 650
T. Kishi, N. Takeda, and B. N.
Kim
Whisker-Reinforced Composites
Toughening in Ceramic Particulate and Whisker
.....................................
Composites 667
Roy W. Rice
Ultrasonic Homogenization of Dense Colloidal
..................
Suspensions of SiC,/A1203 Composites 695
K. J. Konsztowicz
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Si3N,-
.............
Whisker-Reinforced Si3N, Matrix Composites 709
C. Chu and J. P. Singh
-Y.
Effect of Fracture Temperature and Relative Crack
Propagation Rate on the Fracture Behavior of
..........
Whisker-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites 721
Andrew A. Wereszczak and Azar Parvizi-Majidi
.......
Sic Reinforced-MoSiJWSi, Alloy Matrix Composites 734
J. J. Petrovic and R. E. Honnell
Creep of Sic Whisker-Reinforced Alumina under
..............................
Compressive Loading 745
David S. Liu and Azar Parvizi-Majidi
vi
Reaction-Based Processing
Reaction-Based Processing Methods for Ceramics
..................................
and Composites 757
J. S. Haggerty and Y. -M. Chiang
Mechanical Properties of 2-D NicalonN Fiber-
Reinforced LANXIDE" Aluminum Oxide and
..................
Aluminum Nitride Matrix Composites 782
A S. Fareed, B. Sonuparlak, C. T. Lee, A. J. Fortini, and
G. H. Schiroky
The Effect of Oxide Additives in Filler Materials
.................
during Directed Melt Oxidation Process 795
Sung Lee and Do Kyung
Kim
Tailoring of Reaction-Bonded AI,03 (RBAO)
.....................................
Ceramics.. 806
N. Claussen, N. A. Travitzky, and Suxing Wu
Preparation and Characterization of Reaction-Bonded
Aluminum Oxide (RBAO) Matrix Sic Particulate
.................................
Filler Composites 821
A. G. Gesing, G. Burger, E. Luce, N. Claussen, S. and
Wu,
N. A. Travitzky
...........
Properties of RBSN and RBSN-Sic Composites 842
A. Lightfoot, H. L. Ker, J. Haggerty, and J. E. Ritter
S.
Development of Reaction-Bonded Electro-Conductive
...........
TiN-Si3N, and Resistive A120J-SiSN4C omposites 857
Y. Yatsutomi and M. Sobue
ProcessinpMicrostructureProDertv Relations in
Fiber-Reinforced CMCs-Processing
Status of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic
................
Matrix Composite Processing Technology 871
J. R. Strife, J. J. Brennan, and K. M. Prewo
vii
Production of Silicon Nitride/Silicon Carbide Fibrous
Composites Using Polysilazanes as Pre-Ceramic
........................................
Binders 920
David L. Mohr, Prashant Desai, and Thomas L. Starr
...........
Nicalon/Siliconoxycarbide Ceramic Composites 931
F. I. Hunvitz, J. Z. Gyekenyesi, P. J. Conroy, and k L. Rivera
Fiber-Reinf orced Glasses and Glass Ceramics
........................
Fabricated by a Novel Process 947
W. Pannhorst, M. Spallek, R. BrUckner, H. Hegeler, C. Reich,
G. Grathwohl, B. Meier, and D. Spelmann
Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
............
of SiC/ZrTiO, Composites Hot-Pressed in CO 964
B. A Bender, T. L. Jessen, and D. Lewis, 111
Matrix Density Effects on the Mechanical Properties
of Sic Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Nitride Matrix
......................................
Properties 974
Ramakrishna T. Bhatt and James D. aser
Characterization of Alumina/Yttrium-Aluminum
Garnet and Alumina/Yttrium-Aluminum Perovskite
.......................................
Eutectics 995
L. E. Matson, R. S. Hay, and T. Mah
Microstructural Effects on the Mechanical
Properties of Monolithic Ceramics-II
High-Temperature Tensile Strength and Tensile
Stress Rupture Behavior of Norton/TRW NT-154
..................................
Silicon Nitride .lo07
Leon Chuck, Steven M. Goodrich, Norman L. Hecht, and
Dale E. McCullum
Comparison of Tension, Compression, and Flexure
..........
Creep for Alumina and Silicon Nitride Ceramics .lo28
M. K. Ferber, M. G. Jenkins, and V. J. Tennery
Erosive Wear in AI,03 Exhibiting Mode-I R-Curve
......................................
Behavior .lo46
Kristin Breder and Antonios E. Giannakopoulos
viii
Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Propagation
......
of Silicon Nitride with Two Different Microstructures .lo61
James T. Beak and Isa Bar-On
Cryst.a llizati.on Behavior and Properties of
....................
BaO A1,0, 2Si0, Glass Matrices .lo72
Charles H. Drummond, 111 and Narottam P. Bansal
............
Microstructural Evolution of Sol-Gel Mullite .lo87
G. Klaussen, G. S. Fischman, and J. L. Laughner
Fabrication, Microstructure, and Properties of
...........................
Sic-AIN Ceramic Alloys .lo94
Ran-Rong Lee and Wen-Cheng Wei
Processing and Mechanical Properties of
.......
Polycrystalline Y,AI,0,2 (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) .1122
K. Keller, T. Mah, and T. k Parthasarathy
ix
Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceeding3
John B. Wachtman
Copyright 01990, The American Ceramic Society, Inc
Ceram. Sci. Proc. pp. 551670
Eng. 1117-8) (1990)
Is There Anything of Practical Value Hidden
Amongst the Composite-Toughening Theories?!-A
Jim Mueller Perspective
Ceramic Science and Technology Group
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, NM 87545
Numerous theories have been devehped over the last t hdec ades for explaining
the toughening behavior of discontinuousf ier-midomed brittle matrir composites.
The hue the practical engineering utility of these theories. Upon compiling a
is
table of fiber parametem that are ident@%d in the predominant toughening
mechanismr, a number of importunt features becomes evident for achieving high
toughnesses. First, all of the mechanisms indkate that a high-fiber volumef raction
desiruble. Second, residual s t m a appear to in/luence all of the composite-
is
toughening mechanisms. Third, the highest fier tensile strength is preferred.
Finally, fiber diameter and fier-mufrix interfacial shear strength are ako
importunt, but both are composite system- and toughening mechanism-spec@.
Introduction
It is a tremendous honor to present the 1990 James I. Mueller Memorial
lecture. It is especially flattering to be the first student of Jim’s to do
such.
Nearly four years have passed since his death. It is a certainty that
many of you knew Jim, and it is also likely that some of you have little
or no idea who this man was. The following brief biography will stir
up memories for some and provide new information for others.
James I. Mueller was born to August L. and Lydia (Heyn) Mueller
on June 26, 1916 (Fig. 1): Jim received his in 1939 from The
B.S.
Ohio State University and Ph.D. in 1949 from the University of
Missouri-Rolla. Both degrees were in Ceramic Engineering.
The author did not nalire until preparing this lecture that his son, Benjamin Thomaa
Gac, and James I. Mueller share the same birthday. Benjamin, however, arrived on the
scene 64 yearn later.
55 1