A classical Chinese reader

88 Pages·7.486 MB·Chinese-English

by  Wagner Donald B.

A Classical Chinese Reader
The ‘Memoir on the Eastern Barbarians’ in
Hòu Hàn shu(cid:2), with notes and glosses for
students of Chinese and Korean
DonaldB.Wagner
Draft,14March2007
© 2007.Permission isgranted todownload,print,copy,and distributethisbookforany
non-commercial purpose, provided only that it is not abridged, expanded, or otherwise
changedwithoutspecificpermission.
Contents
Introduction iv
Bibliography vii
Map xi
Conventions xii
Notesandglosses 1
Indextotheglosses 127
Text T1
Formystudents
Solong,andthanksforallthefish
ii iii
INTRODUCTION v
Introduction
The Hou Hàn sh" was written by Fàn Ye ’( (398–445) on the basis of numerous
earlier books. A detailed study of his sources is
This reader is intended for students who have some training in Classical Chinese,
Hans Bielenstein
and wish to improve their skill with the language by reading a fairly long text with- ‘The restoration of the Han dynasty: With prolegomena on the historiography of the
out much need to consult dictionaries and reference books. Hou Han shu’, Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities (Stockholm) 1954,
26: 1–209.
The text used here is the chapter D!ng Yì zhuàn !"#, ‘Memoir on the East-
The chapter D!ng Yí zhuàn has a particularly complex relationship to other texts,
ern Barbarians’, in the standard history of the Later Hàn dynasty, Hou Hàn sh" $
and there are important parallel passages in a number of early books. In the notes I
%&. The chapter is a kind of ethnographic description of the non-Chinese peoples
have pointed out some of these, where they can help in reading our text, but the
of the region which today comprises Manchuria, Korea, and Japan.
mutual relations among all these texts is a difficult subject which I have not at-
Because many students of Korean history read this text, the Korean pronunci-
tempted to penetrate here. One proposal is shown in the diagram, taken from
ations of the glosses are included, in the Hangul script, as well as the Chinese pro-
nunciations in p#ny#n. Paul Wheatley and Thomas See
From court to capital : a tentative interpretation of the origins of the Japanese ur-
In reading the text some background knowledge of early Chinese history will
ban tradition. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1978. P. ••.
be necessary, and students will find it useful, before starting, to read or re-read the
chapters on the pre-Hàn and Hàn periods in some general history of China. Those
who wish to know more about the history and archaeology of northeast China and
its neighbours will find these books useful:
K. J. H. Gardiner
The early history of Korea: The historical development of the peninsula up to the
introduction of Buddhism in the fourth century A.D. Canberra: Australian National
University Press, 1969.
Li Ogg
Recherche sur l’antiquite coréenne. I: Ethnie et societe de Kogury$. Paris: Collège
de France, 1980.
Erling v. Mende
China und die Staaten auf der koreanischen Halbinsel bis zum 12. Jh. : Eine Unter-
suchung zur Entwicklung der Formen zwischenstaatlicher Beziehungen in Ostasien.
Wiesbaden : Steiner, 1982 (Sinologica coloniensia, 11).
Sarah Milledge Nelson
The archaeology of Korea. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Richard J. Pearson (et al., eds.)
Windows on the Japanese past: Studies in archaeology and prehistory. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 1986.
iv
vi CLASSICALCHINESEREADER
The text mentions a number of place names, many of which are difficult to Bibliography
identify. The map on p. xi proposes identifications for most of the places men-
tioned.Itistakenfrom
This is a complete list of publications cited in the introduction and the notes and
TánQixi(cid:2)ng(cid:33)(cid:3)(cid:37)(ed.)
Zh(cid:2)ngguólìsh(cid:6)dìtújí(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:5)(cid:7)(cid:10)(cid:9)(cid:36),vol.2:Qín,X(cid:4)Hàn,D(cid:2)ngHànshíq(cid:4)(cid:25)•(cid:28) glosses.
(cid:22)•(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:18)(cid:20).Shàngh(cid:3)i:DìtúCh(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè,1982.Pp.27–28.
Bielenstein,Hans
One difficulty in using this chapter as a textbook is that it begins with an intro- The bureaucracy of Han times. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
(AbbreviatedB).
ductory essay which is much more difficult to read than the rest. Many students
will decide to skip the first 22 lines, perhaps going back to the beginning after Bodde,Derk
FestivalsinclassicalChina:NewYearandotherannualobservancesduringtheHan
readingtheremainderofthechapter.
dynasty,206B.C.–A.D.220.PrincetonUniversityPress&TheChineseUniversityof
HongKong,1975.
Moreadvicetostudentswillbefoundintheintroductiontomyearlierbook, Bówùzhì(cid:44)(cid:26)(cid:19).
1804edn.,repr.Táiw(cid:2)n.
DonaldB.Wagner
AClassicalChinesereader:TheHanshubiographyofHuoGuang,withnotesand TheCambridgehistoryofChina.
glossesforstudents.Richmond,Surrey:CurzonPress,1998.Pp.1–17availableat: Vol.1:TheCh’inandHanempires,221B.C.–A.D.220.CambridgeUniversityPress,
http://www.staff.hum.ku.dk/dbwagner/TB/TB.html 1986.
Chavannes,Édouard(tr.)
LesmémoireshistoriquesdeSe-maTs’ien.6vols.,Maisonneuve,Paris,1895–1905;1–
This textbook started as a set of handwritten notes which I used in teaching in
5repr.Paris:Maisonneuve,1967.Vol.6,ed.andcompletedbyPaulDemiéville,Max
1988–89.LaterThomasMeldgaarddigitizedit,doingagooddealofeditorialwork Kaltenmark,&TimoteusPokora,1969.
inthe process,andMartinPetersenaddedthe Koreanpronunciations. Ihave since
Cíh(cid:7)i(cid:34)(cid:23).
usedthebookthreetimesinteaching,eachtimecorrectingerrorsandaddingmore Rev. edn., 3 vols., Shàngh(cid:3)i Císh(cid:4) Ch(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè, 1979. Suppl. vol. (cid:11)(cid:30)(cid:21), 1983.
(AbbreviatedCH).
material – for this added material I was unable to add the Korean pronunciations.
Special thanks go to Thomas and Martin, and to all the students who have helped Cíyuán(cid:62)(cid:49).
Rev.ed.,4vols.,B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:Sh(cid:2)ngwùYìnsh(cid:4)gu(cid:3)n,1979.(AbbreviatedCY).
in the process of revision. Errors undoubtedly remain, and these are my responsi-
Couvreur,Séraphin
bilityalone.
Tch’oun ts’iou et Tso tchouan: Texte chinois avec traduction française. 3 vols., Ho
Kien Fou (cid:25)(cid:46)(cid:22): Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, 1914. Facs. repr. with title
changedtoLachroniquedelaprincipautédeLòu,Paris:Cathasia,1951.
Dubs,HomerH.(tr.)
The history of the Former Han Dynasty, by Pan Ku, a critical translation with anno-
tations.Vols.1–3,Baltimore:WaverlyPress,1938–55.
Greatrex,Roger
TheBowuzhi:anannotatedtranslation.Stockholm:Föreningenförorientalskastudier,
1987.
vii
viii CLASSICALCHINESEREADER BIBLIOGRAPHY ix
G(cid:8)Hàny(cid:8)chángyòngzìzídi(cid:7)n(cid:6)(cid:22)(cid:32)(cid:14)(cid:24)(cid:13)(cid:13)(cid:4). Legge,James
B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:Sh(cid:2)ngwùYìnsh(cid:4)gu(cid:3)n,1979.(AbbreviatedGHY). LiChi,Bookofrites:Anencyclopediaofancientceremonialusages,religiouscreeds,
andsocialinstitutions.Ed. withintroductionand study guide byCh’uChaiand Win-
Guóy(cid:8)(cid:40)(cid:55)
bergChai.2vols.NewHydePark,NewYork:UniversityBooks,1967.
Typesetedn.,Shàngh(cid:3)i:G(cid:7)jíCh(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè,1978.
Loewe,Michael(ed.)
Hànsh(cid:3)(cid:52)(cid:36).
EarlyChinesetexts:Abibliographicalguide.Berkeley:Societyfor theStudyofEarly
B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:Zh(cid:8)nghuáSh(cid:4)jú,1962.
China&InstituteofEastAsianStudies,UniversityofCalifornia,1993.
Hàny(cid:8)dàcídi(cid:7)n(cid:52)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:21).
Loewe,Michael,andEdwardL.Shaughnessy(eds.)
12vols.+index,Shàngh(cid:3)iCísh(cid:4)Ch(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè,1985.(AbbreviatedHY).
The Cambridge history of ancient China: From the origins to 221 B.C. Cambridge:
HouHanshu(cid:28)(cid:52)(cid:36). CambridgeUniversityPress,1999.
Typesetedn.Shàngh(cid:3)i:Zh(cid:8)nghuáSh(cid:4)jú,1965.
Mathews,R.H.
Hucker,CharlesO. Mathews’ Chinese–Englishdictionary. Orig. 1931; rev. edn. Cambridge, Mass.: Har-
A dictionary of official titles in Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, vardUniversityPress,1943.Manylaterreprints.
1985.
Mathieu,Rémi
Karlgren,Bernhard(tr.) Etudesurlamythologieetl’ethnologiedelaChineancienne.2vols.,Paris:Collègede
‘The book of documents’. BulletinoftheMuseumofFarEasternAntiquities (Stock- France, Institut des hautes études chinoises, 1983. 1: TraductionannotéeduShanhai
holm),1950,22:1–81. jing.2:IndexduShanhaijing.
Karlgren,Bernhard(tr.) MorohashiTetsuji(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:2)
Thebookofodes:Chinesetext,transcriptionandtranslation. Stockholm: Museum of DaiKan–Wajiten(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:9)(cid:3).T(cid:8)ky(cid:8):Taish(cid:4)kan,1955–60.Facs.repr.,n.p.(Táiw(cid:2)n),
FarEasternAntiquities,1950. n.d.(AbbreviatedM).
Karlgren,Bernhard Pirazzoli-t’Serstevens,Michèle
‘GlossesontheBookofDocuments.’BulletinoftheMuseumofFarEasternAntiquities TheHanDynasty,tr.byJanetSeligman.NewYork:Rizzoli.,1982.
(Stockholm),1948,20:39–315;1949,21:63–206.Repr.asaseparatevol.,Stockholm:
Pulleyblank,EdwinG.
MuseumofFarEasternAntiquities,1970.
Outline of Classical Chinese grammar. Vancouver: University of British Columbia
Karlgren,Bernhard Press,1995.
‘Glosses on the Book of Odes.’ Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities
Sanguozhi(cid:2)(cid:40)(cid:19).
(Stockholm), 1942, 14,71–247;1944, 16, 25–169;1946,18, 1–198. Repr. inasingle
Typesetedn.,B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:Zh(cid:8)nghuáSh(cid:4)jú,1959.
vol.,Göteborg:ElandersBoktryckeri,1964.
Sh(cid:9)D(cid:8)ng(cid:7)(cid:1)
Karlgren,Bernhard
Ji(cid:7)nming g(cid:8) Hàny(cid:8)cídi(cid:7)n (cid:26)(cid:19)(cid:6)(cid:22)(cid:32)(cid:31)(cid:4). K(cid:4)nming: Yunnán Rénmín Ch(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè,
‘GrammataSericarecensa’, BulletinoftheMuseumofFarEasternAntiquities (Stock-
1985.(AbbreviatedJM).
holm), 1957, 29: 1–332. Facs. repr. as a separate vol., Göteborg 1964; Taipei: SMC
Publishing,1996.(AbbreviatedGSR). Sh(cid:6)jì(cid:9)(cid:39).
Typesetedn.,B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:Zh(cid:8)nghuáSh(cid:4)jú,1962.
Lau,D.C.(tr.)
Confucius:Theanalects.Harmondsworth:PenguinBooks,1979. Sh(cid:6)s(cid:9)nj(cid:4)ngzhùsh(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:50)(cid:24)(cid:42).
Edn.ofRu(cid:3)nYuán(cid:20)(cid:5),1816;repr.,Shàngh(cid:3)i:ShìjièSh(cid:4)jú,1935.
Lau,D.C.
LaotzuTaoteching.Harmondsworth:PenguinBooks,1963. Tàipíngyùl(cid:7)n(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:17)(cid:29).
4vols.,B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:Zh(cid:8)nghuáSh(cid:4)jú,1960.
x CLASSICALCHINESEREADER
TánQíxi(cid:2)ng(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:4)(ed.):
Zh(cid:2)ngguólìsh(cid:6)dìtújí(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:5)(cid:7)(cid:10)(cid:9)(cid:36). 8 vols., Shàngh(cid:3)i: Dìtú Ch(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè, 1982–87.
Englishtitle:TheHistoricalatlasofChina.
Waley,Arthur(tr.)
TheanalectsofConfucius.1938.Repr.NewYork:VintageBooks,n.d.
WángGuówéi(cid:7)(cid:40)(cid:54)(cid:1)
G(cid:8)b(cid:10)nZhúsh(cid:3)jìniánjíjiào(cid:8)(cid:11)(cid:16)(cid:36)(cid:31)(cid:15)(cid:59)(cid:37).Repr.Táib(cid:5)i1957.
WangGuowei(ed.)(1984)(cid:7)(cid:40)(cid:54).
Shu(cid:6) j(cid:4)ng zhù jiào (cid:6)(cid:50)(cid:24)(cid:37). Typeset edn. ed. by Yuán Y(cid:6)nggu(cid:2)ng (cid:38)(cid:33)(cid:13) & Liú
Y(cid:6)nsh(cid:10)ng(cid:56)(cid:41)(cid:12),Shàngh(cid:3)i:Shàngh(cid:3)iRénmínCh(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè,1984.
WángLìqì(cid:7)(cid:18)(cid:57)
F(cid:11)ngsút(cid:2)ngyìjiàozhù(cid:34)(cid:27)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:37)(cid:24).B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng1981.
Watson,Burton(tr.)
RecordsoftheGrandHistorian:Handynasty.2vols.,ResearchCentreforTranslation,
ChineseUniversityofHongKong,&ColumbiaUniversityPress,HongKong&New
York,1993.
Watson,Burton
Records of the Grand Historian: Qin Dynasty. Hong Kong & New York: Research
Centre for Translation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, & Columbia University
Press,1993.
YángBójùn(ed.)(cid:48)(cid:17)(cid:35)
Ch(cid:3)nqi(cid:8)Zu(cid:12)zhuànzhù(cid:29)(cid:30)(cid:10)(cid:47)(cid:24).4vols.+3loosemaps,B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:Zh(cid:8)nghuáSh(cid:4)jú,
1981.
Zh(cid:2)ngguócóngsh(cid:3)z(cid:2)nglù(cid:4)(cid:40)(cid:61)(cid:36)(cid:53)(cid:60).
3vols.,Shàngh(cid:3)i:Shàngh(cid:3)iTúsh(cid:4)gu(cid:3)n,1959–62.Facs.repr.Shàngh(cid:3)i:Shàngh(cid:3)iG(cid:7)jí
Ch(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè,1986.
Zh(cid:2)ngguóDùliánghéngtújí(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:16)(cid:35)(cid:27)(cid:9)(cid:36).
B(cid:5)ij(cid:6)ng:WénwùCh(cid:4)b(cid:3)nshè,1984.
Notes and glosses
Conventions
• Theleftmostcolumngiveslinenumbersinthetext,pp.T1–T19.Alinenumber
1 (cid:106)(cid:301)(cid:1)(cid:1) Wángzhì ‘Theroyalregulations’,achapterinL(cid:2)Jì(cid:1)(cid:1063)(cid:564).
like15.8means‘commentnumber8afterline15’. (cid:188)(cid:188)(cid:226)(cid:1)
• The Chinese pronunciation is given in p(cid:4)ny(cid:4)n, the Korean pronunciation in the
The reference is toL(cid:2)jì, juàn12(Shís(cid:3)nj(cid:4)ngzhùsh(cid:5), p. 1338b), translatedby
Hangulscript.
James Legge, LiChi:BookofRites, NewYork1967, vol. 1, p. 229. The pas-
• Intheglosses,distinctlydifferentmeaningsareseparatedbysemicolons,closely sage describes the peoplesofthe five directions (w(cid:13)f(cid:3)ngzh(cid:4)mín (cid:65)(cid:93)(cid:62)(cid:140)),
relatedmeaningsbycommas. the East, South, West, North, andCentre. On L(cid:2)jìsee e.g. Loewe, EarlyChi-
• Three dots (...) at the beginning of a gloss indicate that I have omitted one or nesetexts,pp.293–297.
morefamiliarmeaningsandgiveonlyanunusualmeaning.
(cid:181)(cid:1) yí Barbarian (esp. tribes to the eastof ancientChina);
• Three dots at the end of a gloss indicate that I have omitted one or more rare (cid:208)(cid:1) level, even, equal; just; ordinary; simple; peaceful;
meaningswhichIconsiderirrelevant. tobeatrest;topacify;easy;pleased;toextend,ex-
• Anarrow((cid:11))refersthereadertothelinenumberwherethewordisdefined. pose, display; a rule, law; a custom, institution; to
hunt;tokill,destroy;tosquat(GSR551a).
• Thesourcesfortheglossesareindicatedusingthefollowingabbreviations:
B=Bielenstein,ThebureaucracyofHantimes. (cid:440)(cid:1) d(cid:2) Root,base(JM).(Butseebelow).
(cid:219)(cid:1)
CH=Cíh(cid:7)i(cid:34)(cid:23).
CY=Cíyuán(cid:62)(cid:49). The sentence (cid:181)(cid:375)(cid:440)(cid:38) is an attempt at etymology: the name Yí (cid:181) comes
GSR=Karlgren,GrammataSericanrecensa. from d(cid:2) (cid:440). Yí (cid:181), d(cid:2) (cid:440), and d(cid:2) (cid:1166) probably had similar pronunciations in
the Hàn period: their reconstructed Archaic pronunciations are respectively
HY=Hàny(cid:8)dàcídi(cid:7)n(cid:52)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:21).
dKEr,tiEr,andtiEr(GSR551a,590d,KX1069,GSR590i).
JM=Sh(cid:9)D(cid:8)ng,Ji(cid:7)nmingg(cid:8)Hàny(cid:8)cídi(cid:7)n(cid:26)(cid:19)(cid:6)(cid:22)(cid:32)(cid:31)(cid:4).
ThecommentciteswhatmightbeFànYè’ssourceforthenextsentence:a
M=MorohashiTetsuji(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:2),DaiKan–Wajiten(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:9)(cid:3). book of the 2nd century A.D., F(cid:6)ngsú t(cid:7)ng yì(cid:1)(cid:479)(cid:396)(cid:676)(cid:824), states that in the
ThesedictionariesarecitedinfullintheBibliography,pp.vii–xabove. landoftheYí,thesoilissofertilethatthings(seeds)‘begintosproutassoon
• Abackslash(\)indicatesthatawordisnotfoundinthedictionaryindicated.For as they strike [d(cid:2)chù (cid:1166)(cid:1107)] the ground’. (This is my interpretation; it is not
clearthatFànYèinterpretedthesourceinthesameway.)
example,\HYmeans‘notinHàny(cid:8)dàcídi(cid:7)n’.
• Books referred to in the notes are cited in full in the Bibliography, pp. vii–x (cid:183)(cid:146)(cid:1) h(cid:8)osh(cid:6)ng Diligent,earnest;very,extremely;
above. (cid:299)(cid:141)(cid:1)
(cid:1) hàosh(cid:6)ng to cherish life and refrain from killing (HY 4:
284.1).
(cid:80)(cid:338)(cid:1) ti(cid:3)nxìng Aninbornqualityorcharacteristic(CY0686.3).
(cid:250)(cid:147)(cid:1)
xii
1
2 ACLASSICALCHINESEREADER GLOSSES 3
(cid:437)(cid:776)(cid:1) róushùn Gentleandsubmissive(M6:267). 3.2 (cid:51)(cid:536)(cid:821)(cid:1) Sh(cid:3)nh(cid:8)i A fabulous geography, believed to be pre-Hàn; see
(cid:200)(cid:157)(cid:1) j(cid:4)ng Loewe, EarlyChinesetexts, pp. 357–367. The pas-
(cid:137)(cid:291)(cid:21)(cid:1) sages inquestion here are in Yuán K(cid:13)’s (cid:563)(cid:1150) edi-
2 (cid:848)(cid:1) dào ...;
tion, Sh(cid:3)nh(cid:8)ij(cid:4)ngjiàozhù(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:536)(cid:821)(cid:523)(cid:359) (Shàngh(cid:14)i
(cid:70)(cid:1)
G(cid:15)jíCh(cid:16)b(cid:14)nshè, 1980), pp. 254,345. Herethe text
(cid:1) d(cid:8)o = (cid:989),tocontrol,administer;tolead(CY3073.2). has dà h(cid:13) (cid:2)(cid:27) where our text has wén h(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:91)(cid:381)
(cid:70)(cid:1) and bùs(cid:2)mín (cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:14) where our text has bùs(cid:2)rén(cid:1)
(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:4).
(cid:618)(cid:1) yù To drive (a horse-drawn vehicle); a driver, coach-
(cid:175)(cid:1) man; to carry; to control; to curb, repress; to There is aFrenchtranslation, RémiMathieu:Étude
administer, govern; an administrator; pertaining to sur la mythologie et l’ethnologie de la Chine an-
the Emperor, Imperial; to present, serve; to resist; cienne,2vols.,Paris1983.
toprevent,stop;...
(cid:215)(cid:1) y(cid:4) Anoutergarment;asheath;theskinofafruit;...;
(cid:1) yà tomeet,welcome(JM). (cid:207)(cid:1)
(cid:165)(cid:1)
(cid:1) yì towear;tocover(JM).
(cid:451)(cid:1) ju(cid:8)n ...;avalley(GSR479e). (cid:207)(cid:1)
(cid:19)(cid:1)
(cid:398)(cid:1) gu(cid:3)n Acap,hat;anykindofcover;
(cid:40)(cid:1) yú ...;great;tranquil;(GSR97a). (cid:29)(cid:1)
(cid:194)(cid:1)
(cid:1) guàn Towearacap;theancientceremonyof‘capping’a
(cid:29)(cid:1) boyattheage of20;toplacebefore;tosurpass the
ForthereferencetoConfuciuswishingtoliveamongtheNineBarbarians,see
multitude;tocover(JM).
Lúny(cid:13) (cid:970)(cid:915),Book9(Waley’stranslation,p.141).(cid:2)line164.
(cid:612)(cid:1) dài Abelt;towearatthebelt;...(JM).
3.1 (cid:479)(cid:396)(cid:676)(cid:12)(cid:824) F(cid:6)ngsú ‘Comprehensivediscussionoftraditionalpractices’, (cid:68)(cid:1)
t(cid:7)ng[yì] by Y(cid:12)ng Shào (cid:1034)(cid:1142) (A.D. ca. 140 – before 204).
(cid:13)(cid:1)
(cid:283)(cid:150)(cid:208)(cid:1) See Loewe, Early Chinese texts, pp. 105–112. (cid:479) (cid:91)(cid:1) wén ...;apattern;patterned(JM).
(cid:104)(cid:1)
(cid:396)(cid:1)(cid:2)line130.
(cid:128)(cid:594)(cid:864)(cid:1) Wàiguó By an unknown author from Wú (cid:230) in the Six
The passage referred to here is not in the extant edition, but is found in tú Dynasties period. There is an edition reconstructed
quotations inotherworks;see WángLìqì (cid:106)(cid:227)(cid:987):F(cid:6)ngsút(cid:7)ngyìjiàozhù(cid:1)(cid:479) (cid:190)(cid:35)(cid:70)(cid:1) from quotations. (Zh(cid:7)ngguó cóngsh(cid:5) z(cid:7)nglù, 2:
(cid:396)(cid:676)(cid:824)(cid:523)(cid:359) (B(cid:3)ij(cid:12)ng 1981), pp. 487–488, where the passage is as follows:
621).
(cid:353)(cid:93)(cid:95)(cid:181)(cid:375)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:353)(cid:93)(cid:66)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:183)(cid:146)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:819)(cid:369)(cid:1166)(cid:1107)(cid:179)(cid:208)(cid:115)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:181)(cid:375)(cid:1166)(cid:38)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:297)(cid:1096)(cid:196)(cid:23):...
[Theninelèi (cid:1096) listedarenotthesameasgiveninourtext,lines2–3.] (cid:647)(cid:282)(cid:12)(cid:574)(cid:13)(cid:1) Lángyé IntheSouthernDynasties,northofmodernNánj(cid:12)ng
[jùn] (CY2061.1).
(cid:12)(cid:1166)(cid:1107)(cid:1) d(cid:2)chù To butt with the horns; to strike, collide (HY 10: (cid:51)(cid:172)(cid:36)(cid:1)
(cid:1) 1358).]
(cid:160)(cid:1160)(cid:1) Ji(cid:4)ojìng [Many attempts have been made to identify the
(cid:33)(cid:21)(cid:1) place names in the Sh(cid:3)n h(cid:8)i j(cid:4)ng. None should be
takentooseriously.]
4 ACLASSICALCHINESEREADER GLOSSES 5
3.3 (cid:203)(cid:521)(cid:462)(cid:189)(cid:1) Zhúsh(cid:5) ‘The bamboo annals’, a book written on bamboo (cid:84)(cid:613)(cid:1) Shào RulerofXià,trad.r.2079–2058B.C.
jìnián strips found in an ancient tomb in A.D. 281. It K(cid:4)ng
(cid:233)(cid:142)(cid:46)(cid:55)(cid:1) gives a chronicle of events from high antiquity to (cid:149)(cid:11)(cid:1)
299 B.C. On the complex and controversial history
4 (cid:706)(cid:1) Yáo Legendaryruler,trad.r.2356–2256B.C.
of the text see Loewe, EarlyChinesetexts, pp. 39–
(cid:191)(cid:1)
47.
(cid:1011)(cid:162)(cid:1) X(cid:12)Zhòng Apersonmentionedinthe Shàngsh(cid:5) (cid:324)(cid:521) orSh(cid:5)
(cid:176)(cid:1) hòu Emperor, ruler; a prince subordinate to the Son of (cid:310)(cid:235)(cid:1) j(cid:4)ng(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:53), ‘Book of documents’ (CY 2500.3). On
(cid:306)(cid:1) Heaven; Empress, the principal wife of the Em-
the Book of documents see Loewe, Early Chinese
peror;...(JM).
texts,pp.376–389.
(cid:380)(cid:1) f(cid:6)n ...;= (cid:938),great(HY9:308.2). (cid:186)(cid:1) zhái A dwelling, home; to dwell, reside; to consolidate,
(cid:129)(cid:1)
(cid:270)(cid:1) stabilize;agrave(JM).
(cid:741)(cid:1) F(cid:4) RulerofXià,trad.r.1837–1819B.C.(cid:2)line47. (cid:1163)(cid:1) yú Cornerorbendofahill(GSR124f).
(cid:111)(cid:1)
(cid:194)(cid:1)
(cid:229)(cid:218)(cid:1) jíwèi (Of a ruler:) to take the throne; to take one’s place (cid:800)(cid:1) yáng Sunshine,bright(GSR720h).
(cid:236)(cid:199)(cid:1) (JM).
(cid:174)(cid:1)
(cid:618)(cid:1) yù,yà (cid:2)line2. (cid:912)(cid:1) gài ... ; (initial particle introducing a reason:) this is
(cid:175)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:165)(cid:1)
(cid:12)(cid:1) because(JM).
It is safest to assume that the so-called ‘current text’ (j(cid:4)nb(cid:9)n (cid:68)(cid:138)) of the
The passage (cid:309)(cid:3)(cid:273) is aquotationfromYáodi(cid:8)n (cid:47)(cid:22), one ofthebooks of
Zhúsh(cid:5) jìnián is a late forgery, and that the original text is lost and known
the Shàngsh(cid:5) (cid:24)(cid:37). The full text is (cid:75)(cid:309)(cid:1011)(cid:162)(cid:186)(cid:1163)(cid:181)(cid:95)(cid:800)(cid:273)(cid:603)(cid:920)(cid:115)(cid:94)(cid:135)(cid:552)
only through quotations in other books. These quotations are conveniently
(cid:353)(cid:221) (Shís(cid:3)nj(cid:4)ngzhùsh(cid:5), p. 119c), whichKarlgrentranslates, ‘Separatelyhe
collected together by Wáng Guówéi (cid:106)(cid:594)(cid:902) in G(cid:13)b(cid:9)n Zhúsh(cid:5) jìnián jíjiào
chargedX(cid:12)ZhòngtoresideinYúyí,[attheplace]calledYángg(cid:15),respectfully
(cid:120)(cid:138)(cid:203)(cid:521)(cid:462)(cid:189)(cid:1020)(cid:523). The passagequotedhere is onp. 3b.Here itcanbeseen
toreceiveasaguestthe[out-coming=]risingsun,andtoarrangeandregulate
that other books quote this same passage without the character f(cid:3) (cid:49)(cid:3)(cid:1)so that
the works of the East’ (‘The book of documents’, BMFEA 1950, 20: 2, 3).
f(cid:6)n (cid:380)‚ appears tobe analternate name for the Xià ruler F(cid:4) (cid:49). The modern
While Karlgren takes Yúyí (cid:1163)(cid:181) to be a place-name, Fàn Yè apparently
text-critical note on p. T19 (original p. 2823) indicates that some editions of
takesitasthenameofanethnicgrouportribe.
HòuHànsh(cid:16)alsoomitthisf(cid:3).
(cid:497)(cid:176)(cid:100)(cid:1) Xiàhòu TheXiàdynasty(CY647.3).
3.4 (cid:362)(cid:1) Xiè One of the rulers of the Xià dynasty, trad. r. 1996– shì
(cid:145)(cid:1) 1981B.C. (cid:286)(cid:306)(cid:164)(cid:1)
(cid:454)(cid:1) [Xi(cid:4)ng, RulerofXià,trad.r.2146–2119B.C. (cid:82)(cid:613)(cid:1) TàiK(cid:4)ng RulerofXià,trad.r.2188–2160B.C.
Xiàng?]
(cid:269)(cid:11)(cid:1)
(cid:139)(cid:1)
(cid:129)(cid:943)(cid:1) sh(cid:4)dé Evil(CY712.1).
(cid:920)(cid:1) b(cid:4)n A guest; to treat as a guest; to obey, submit (cid:163)(cid:69)(cid:1)
(oneself)to;tocausetoobey;tolead(JM).
(cid:542)(cid:1) pàn = (cid:405),torevolt(GHY).
(cid:110)(cid:1)
6 ACLASSICALCHINESEREADER GLOSSES 7
5 (cid:84)(cid:613)(cid:1) Shào (cid:2)no.4afterline3. (cid:161)(cid:1) fá Tochop(wood);todamage,injure;tobeat(adrum
K(cid:4)ng etc.);tomountapunitiveexpedition;tobragabout,
(cid:149)(cid:11)(cid:1) flaunt;achievements;...(JM).
(cid:54)(cid:421)(cid:1) y(cid:2)hòu = (cid:110)(cid:421) (CY964.1). 6 (cid:162)(cid:21)(cid:1) Zhòng RulerofSh(cid:4)ng,trad.r.1562–1550B.C.
(cid:208)(cid:306)(cid:1) D(cid:12)ng
(cid:235)(cid:225)(cid:1)
(cid:107)(cid:1) shì Aperiodof30years;a generation;toinherit, carry
on;throughgenerations;aperson’slife;anage;the (cid:1070)(cid:1) lán Indigo;tattered(GSR609k).
world;generational;succession(JM). (cid:50)(cid:1)
(cid:352)(cid:1) fú Clothing;funeralattire;towear;tocarryatthebelt; (cid:602)(cid:1) kòu Abandit;aninvader;toencroach(GHY).
a matter, duty; to engage in, deal with; to under- (cid:34)(cid:1)
take;tosubmitto;tosurrenderto;toaccept,believe
(cid:352)(cid:1) fú (cid:2)line5.
in;...(JM).
(cid:106)(cid:76)(cid:1) wánghuà Theruler’scivilisinginfluence(CY2043.1). (cid:542)(cid:1) pàn (cid:2)line4.
(cid:110)(cid:1)
(cid:188)(cid:301)(cid:1)
(cid:920)(cid:1) b(cid:4)n (cid:2)no.4afterline3. (cid:356)(cid:20)(cid:1) W(cid:15)Y(cid:17) RulerofSh(cid:4)ng,trad.r.1198–1195B.C.
(cid:103)(cid:204)(cid:1)
(cid:106)(cid:387)(cid:1) wángmén Thegatesofaroyalpalace;aroyalpalace;...(HY (cid:562)(cid:624)(cid:1) shu(cid:3)ibì To weaken and break; to decline (M 10: 185). (cid:562)
(cid:188)(cid:104)(cid:1) 4:460.1).
(cid:154)(cid:280)(cid:1) (cid:2)line148.
(cid:1103)(cid:1) xiàn Topresentinreligioussacrifice;topresent(toasu- (cid:1168)(cid:1) jìn Toseep;gradually(HY3:1577.2).
(cid:294)(cid:1) perior); to show, display; (cid:971)§H a sage, wise man;
(cid:266)(cid:1)
(surname)(JM).
(cid:652)(cid:1) shèng Sumptuous; flourishing; mature; beautiful; fierce;
(cid:952)(cid:910)(cid:1) yuèw(cid:13) Adanceaccompaniedbymusic(HY4:1295.1). outstanding; furthest point, extremity; extremely;
(cid:166)(cid:103)(cid:1)
generous;...
(cid:528)(cid:1) Jié LastrulerofXià,trad.r.1818–1767B.C. (cid:1) chéng (atypeofvessel);tostoreinavessel;...(JM).
(cid:17)(cid:1)
(cid:950)(cid:469)(cid:1) bàonüè Evilandcruel(CY1449.1). (cid:1168)(cid:652)(cid:1) jìnshèng Graduallyprospering(HY3:1578.2).
(cid:266)(cid:147)(cid:1)
(cid:281)(cid:287)(cid:1)
(cid:71)(cid:393)(cid:1) nèiq(cid:4)n To trespass on or invade the interior of a country (cid:75)(cid:1) f(cid:6)n To separate; to spread; to distribute; to distinguish,
(cid:129)(cid:1) discriminate; one half; one tenth; (measure of
(cid:52)(cid:266)(cid:1) (M1:1052).
length:)1/10cùn (cid:48),ca.2mm;...;
(cid:735)(cid:1) T(cid:4)ng FirstrulerofSh(cid:4)ng/Y(cid:12)n,trad.r.1766–1754B.C.
(cid:268)(cid:1) (cid:1) fèn officialrank;quality;toexpect,presume;...(JM).
(cid:129)(cid:1)
(cid:476)(cid:309)(cid:1) gémìng Politicalchangesinresponsetothemandate(mìng)
(cid:296)(cid:98)(cid:1) ofHeaven;...(HY12:180.1). (cid:978)(cid:1) qi(cid:3)n To raise up; to change, alter; to transfer (from one
posttoanother);tobanish,exile(JM).