A Citizen's Right to Know: Risk Communication and Public Policy PDF
Preview A Citizen's Right to Know: Risk Communication and Public Policy
SC uI T s aIZ n E GN .’ S H aR dIG A CITIZEN’S RIGHT TO d eH nT KNOW Risk Communication and T O Public Policy K N O W Susan G. Hadden ISBN 978-0-367-15341-0 R o u t le d g www.routledge.com aninformabusiness e ˜ A CITIZEN’S RIGHT TO KNOW Risk Communication and Public Policy A CITIZEN'S RIGHT TO KNOW Risk Communication and Public Policy Susan G. Hadden First published 1989 by Westview Press, Inc. Published 2021 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1989 by Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hadden, Susan G. A citizen's right to know. Includes index. 1. Freedom of information-United States. 2. Hazardous substances--Government policy--United States. 3. Hazardous substances-Law and legislation- United States. I. Title. JC599.U5H23 1989 323.44'5 89-5801 ISBN13: 978-0-3670-0354-8 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-3671-5341-0 (pbk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429033407 Contents List of Tables and Figures ix Prefacexi Acknowledgments xv Part 1 What Is Right to Know? 1 / The Need for Right to Know 3 Chemicals in the Environment 5 , Information, Regulation, and Individual Choice 11 , What Is the Right to Know? 15 Notes 17 , 2 / Gaining the Right to Know 19 Information for Workers 20 , Winning the Right to Know 24 , What Do We Have a Right to Know? 28 A Preliminary Assessment of Title III 37 , Notes 41 , 3 / Implementing Right to Know: New Jersey and Texas 45 Right to Know in New Jersey 45 , Right to Know in Texas 60 , Notes 68 , Part 2 Aspects of Right to Know 4 / Institutional Factors 73 Federalism 73 , Bureaucratic and Procedural Impediments 79 , V vi j Contents Trade Secrets 83 , Liability 85 , Enforcement 87 , Conclusion 89 , Notes 90 , 5 / Managing All the Data 93 Computerization of Section 313 94 , Computerization at the State and Local Levels 102 , Benefits of Computers for RTK 106 , Conclusion 109 , Notes 109 , 6 / Imperfect Information 113 Information Not Available 114 , Assessing and Understanding Health Risks 117 , Understanding Scientific Communications 122 , Conclusion 131 , Notes 133 , 7 / Risk Perception and Risk Communication 137 Risk Perception 138 , Risk Communication 144 , Risk and RTK 148 , Notes 150 , 8 / The Political Economy of RTK 155 Government and Information 156 , Government Responsibility for Information Content 160 , Conclusion 165 , Notes 167 , Part 3 Remedies: Making RTK Work 9 / Improving Right to Know 173 A Better Statute Better Implemented 173 , Better Information Formats 186 , Conclusion 200 , Notes 201 , Contents / vii 10 / Empowering Citizens 203 Participating in the Policy Process 205 , Another Right to Know 209 , Government, Citizens, and Information 213 , Notes 217 , Appendix: The Surveys 221 The New Tersev/Massachusetts Survey 221 , The Texas Voter Survey 227 , The Field Survey 229 , Telephone Surveys of LEPC Chairpeople 231 , Conclusion 233 , Notes 233 , List of Acronyms 235 Index 237 Tables and Figures TTaabblleess 11--11 CCoonncceennttrraattiioonnss ooff sseelleecctteedd ssyynntthheettiicc oorrggaanniicc ccoommppoouunnddss iinn rraaww aanndd ffiinniisshheedd ggrroouunnddwwaatteerr 88 11--22 SSuummmmaarryy ooff aannnnuuaall lleevveellss ooff sseevveenn aaiirr ccoonnttaammiinnaannttss aatt ssiixx ssiitteess 88 11--33 RReessiidduueess ooff ttooxxiicc mmaatteerriiaallss iinn hhuummaann ffaatt,, 11997700--119988339 9 11--44 DDeeaatthh rraatteess iinn tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess,, 11995500--11998800 99 1-5 EE1-5ss ttiimmaatteedd nneeww ccaanncceerr ccaasseess aanndd ddeeaatthhss,, 11998811 aanndd 11998888 1100 11--6 6 TTeennttaattiivvee ttyyppoollooggyy ooff rriigghhttss ttoo kknnooww 1177 22--1 1 TTiittllee IIIIII rreeppoorrttiinngg rreeqquuiirreemmeennttss 3300 22--2 2 SSttaattuuttoorryy ddeeaaddlliinneess iinn TTiittllee IIIIII32 32 33-- 11 SSeelleecctteedd rreessuullttss ooff NNeeww JJeerrsseeyy iinndduussttrriiaall ssuurrvveeyy 4477 33--22 RReessuullttss ooff iinnffoorrmmaall ssuurrvveeyy ooff ffaacctt sshheeeett uusseerrss 5566 33--33 CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn rreecceeiivveedd bbyy cciittiizzeennss 5577 99--11 RReeccoommmmeennddaattiioonnss aanndd TTiittllee IIIIII ggooaallss 117755 AA--1l EEvveennttss pprroommppttiinngg rreeqquueessttss ffoorr iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 222244 AA--22 KKiinnddss ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn rreeqquueesstteedd 222244 AA--33 AAccttiioonnss ttaakkeenn aanndd pprrooppoosseedd aass aa rreessuulltt ooff RRTTKK iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 222255 FFiigguurreess 22--1 1 OOnnee ppaaggee ooff tthhee sseeccttiioonn 331133 rreeppoorrttiinngg ffoorrmm 3366 33--1 1 FFoouurr ppaaggeess ooff aa NNeeww JJeerrsseeyy ffaacctt sshheeeett 5522 66--11 DDDDTT ddaattaa eexxttrraappoollaattiioonn 111199 66--22 PPaarrtt ooff aa MMaatteerriiaall SSaaffeettyy DDaattaa SShheeeett 112277 99--11 SSaammppllee iinndduussttrryy cchheemmiiccaall ffaacctt sshheeeett 118899 99--22 BBrraanncchhiinngg aanndd llaayyeerriinngg ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 119911 IX
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