A Brief History of Buddhist Studies in Europe and America

97 Pages·1976·2.558 MB·English

by  J. W. de Jong

A BrieHifs toroyf B uddhiSsttu dies
inE uropaen dA merica
J.W. d eJ ong
AU5,lraNJaitaino nUanli versity
DepartmeonftS outAhs ian
andB uddhiSsttu dies
BHARAT-BHARATI
OrienPtuabll is&.h eBroso ksellers
B 28/1DU5R,G A KUND,V ARANASI-5
1976
Publisbhye d
BHARAT-BHARATI
Oriental Pub&l iBsohokesresl lers
B 28/1D5U,R GA KUND,V ARANASI-5
FirPsubtl isihne"d T heE asteBrund dhisVto"l V.I T1,9 74
FirIsntd iaEnd itio1n9,7 6
@Copyrigh1t9s7 6b y author
PublilhbeydS urcsh Pandey. Bharat-BhaPruabtlii.s h&.Oer Boriose knstealll ers,
B2B/ISDu.r ,. Kund,V aran.ui.-'( IndiAa P)r intbedy K .L.S tchdcya.
SkylarPkr intcn(OJli1c1t3)5 5I,d -OahR oadN, .De lhi·5(5J odi_)
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword 1
Abbreviation. 3
ChapIt er
Thee arpleyr i(o3d00B . C .-1877) 5
ChapItIe r
Them iddpleer i(o1d8 77-1942) 23
ChapItIeIr
Ther ecpeenrti (o1d9 43-1973)
54
Chpateirv
Futupreer spectives 75
IndIe x
NameosfS cholars 89
IndeIxI
TitolfTe esx t. 92
A BRIEHFI STORYO F BUDDHIS,STT UDIES
IN EUROPE AND AMERICA
A BriHeifs toofBr uyd dhSitsutd ies
in EuroapneAmd e rica
J.W .D EJONG
Foreword
THERE seemtsob el itntelcee stsoij tuys tainfYa ttemtpots ketbcrhi efly
thhei st·oorfyB uddshtiusdtiT ehse.rie sa ialb undaonfmc aet eraivaali lianb le
thwer itionfsg csh �lbaurtns o,s ingwloer hka yse bte edne votteod.s ay stem­
atisct udoyft heh istoorfBy u ddhissttu diWeisn.d isucnhf'isn iwsohrekd
contamiuncshi nformaotnBi uodnd hissttu diineE su roipnet hef irhsatlo ff
thnei neteceenntthu bruyt,v' e rlyi totnlt eh feo llodweincge nHneinar.di e
LubaacJ ,e sufiatt hhearws,r ittabe ono okn t hmee etionfg B uddahnidts hme
WestH.e'i sm orien tereisntt herede actoifto hnWe e stewronr ltdBo u ddhist
ide.ta.hs a i'.lnt hhei stooBfru yd dhissttu diTehsem. o sitm portcahnatp toefr
hibso ofko Bru ddhisscth oliastr hsoe n ew hicdhe awlist thh ien formOatni on
Buddhiwshmi ccha bne f ounidnt hwer itionfmg iss sioniantr hi1ee6 st 1h7,t h
and1 8tche ntutAi reesc.ew notr okn B uddhirNti rvaiin(ItJId t Wrer teIrnn ter­
prebtymG .R .W elboant't emtpots sh owh owW estesrnc holhaarvsee x -
* Thef ollocwhianpgt feorrsm tehdbe a sfiosar s eroifelse ctugrievsea ntt hUen iv!!r­
sitoyfT okyion O ctobearn dN ovembe1r 97T3he.s ecopnadr wti lalp peairn t he
folloiwsinsoguf et heEal teBrunddh is-tE.d s.
1 ErnstW indisGcehs,c hiduc Shatnes krPihoti-llo14gM� i ndiIAc#httrnt umIIRSu,nt dtr,a ss­
burg1,9 1IT7,Be; r liun.L eipz1i9g2,P 0hi;l oulongAdlu t ertumisnkI unnddtuD nrei. n ach­
gelassened eKllisa. p iTteeilld se rG eschicdhet?Se a nskrit-Puhnidli onldoigsiceh en
AltertumsLkeuinpdze1i,9g .2, 1
'
2 Henrdei L ubaLac ,rm contre duh ouddhitIt1nde eI 'occiPtimatr,i1 s59,2 .
3 G.WRe.l bonT,h tB uddhisNti rP4'!aI.tWasen stit eIrnnt erprCehtiecras1g,o9 ,6 8.
1
1
plaitnhemede anionfgN viiirQaT.h ue sefulonfhe ibssos o ikds i minibsyht ehde
factth tahtae u thwoarsn ostu fficieenqtuliyp fpoetrdh idsi fficutlats kA.p'a rt
frotmh etsher beoeo ktsh earreoe fc ourmsaen oy thpourb licawthiioccnhos n ­
taiuns eful infTohremm oastitim opno.r twainlbtlem entioinnde udec ourse.
Thefi rscth aptdeerav lesr byr iewfliyt thh ep eriuopdt oa bourt8 2A5l.­
thouigmhp ortwaonrthk a db eedno nbee f�trhead ta tiet,m ostrleym ained
unpubliasnhdbe edc akmneo wmnu �hl ateMro.rw ei lbles aiidnt hicsh apter
aboutthp ee riro8d2 6-ri8n7w h7i,c Ehu geBnuero nuftihsde o minatfiignugr e.
Thes ecocnhda pbteegri innsr 8a7n7de ndasb ourt9 4T2h.ip se riwoidt nesses
thweo rokf s ucghr esacth olaasrS sy lvLaeivnLi o,u diesL aV allPeoeu ssin,
HermanOnl denbeTrhg.S, t cherbaantdts hkeyR hysD avidsTehset. h ird
chapter widtethah lmeso srte cepnetr iwohde,r etahsefi naclh aptsekre tc�,es
someo ft het askwsh icwhi lrle quitrheea ttentoifso cnh oliancr osm ing
years.
Int hibsr isekfe tictih s o fc ourismep osstiobd leeaa ld equawtietlahyl l
aspecotfsB uddhsitsutd iTehsem. a ienm phahsaibsse epnu to np hilological
studiFerso.am g eograppohiioncft v iewI ndiista h per incciopuanltd reya lt
witbhu td evelopmientn hteTs h eravciioduan tarnidei snC hiannad T ibet
havneo bte en ennteigrleelcNyto ea dt.t emhpabtse emna dteo i nclsutdued ies
onJ apanese Baunddtd hhheii ssmt oofrJ ya panese BuddhTihslitss studies.
at opwihci ccahn o nlbye a dequatelyb·y J tarpeaantseecsdhe o lars.
04 Fora revioefhw i wso rske Jeo ura114/1I ndiPahni lphoy,sI o,1 97p2p3,.96- 403.
AJ3BREVIA TrONS
AMG,B.VA.n naldeusM useGeu i­ JOR JournoafOl r'i enRtea­l
met,B ibliothedqeu e Madrass earcMha,d ras
Vulgarisation JRAS Jouronfta hlRe o yaAls ia­
AO ArchiOvr ientaln! ticS ocieotfy Great
BCL Bulledtei nCI iaa sdsees BritaainndI reland
Lettdreel As'c ademrioe­ MCB Melangecsh inoiest
yaldee B elgique bouddhiques
BEFEO Bulledteil n' Emflrea n­ NGGW NachricdhetreG ne sell­
caisde' Extreme-Orient schafdte r Wissen­
BibB!.. BibliotBhuedcdah ica schafitneG no ttingen
BibI!n.d .B ibliotIhnedciac a OLZ OrientaliLsittiesrcah­e
BMF} Bulledtei nl aM aison turzeitung
Franco-Japonaise RHR Revudee P histodierse
BSOAS Bulleotfti hneS chooofl religions
Orientaanld African RO RoczniOkr ientalistyczny
Studies SBE SacrBeodo kosft heE ast
CPD CriticPaa:ll i DictionarSyP AW Sitzungsberdiecrh te
GOS GaekwaOdr ienStearli es PreussisAckhaedne mie
HJAS HarvaJrodu rnaolfA sia­ deWri ssenschaften
ticS tudies WZKS WieneZre itschfruirf t
IA IndiAannti quary diKeu ndSei ldasiens
IHQ. IndiHains torQyiacra­l WZKSO WieneZre itschfrUirf t
terly diKeu ndSei ludn-dO st­
11/ Indo-IrJaonuiranna l asiens
IndS.t . IndisScthued ien ZDMG Zeitschdreidrfe tu tSchen
JA JournaAls iatique morgenlandGiesscehleln­
JAOS Journoaftl h eA merican schaft
OrienStoacile ty ZII ZeitschHriirfI tn dologie
JASB Journoaflt heA siatic �ndl ranistik
SocieotfBey n gal ZVORAO ZapiskiV ostoenogo
J.B ombayJ ournoaflt heB ombay OtdeleniRjuas skogo
BrR.A S Brancohf theR oyal AlXeologicOebsskCoeg­o
AsiatSiocc iety stva
JIP JournoaflI ndiaPnh i­
losophy
3
CHAPTERI
Thee arpleyr i(o3d00B .C.-I877)
KnowleodfBg ued dhiinAs nmt iq(upi1>.t)- yT hel egeonfBd a rlaanadm
Josap(hp·a.6)t - Papeanlv otyots h Meo ngKohla nasn tdh ter avoefl s
MarcPoo l(op S.) -Xaverainudos t hmeirs sio(npaI.rO i)e-sC atholic
missioinnTa irbiieentst h1e7 tahn 1d8 tche ntu(rpil.el s) -FPiarlsit
studies. Torfta hnKesa lmamtaiv(oapn1c.s3a ) -Psiitluidb iyeB su rnouf
ando the(rp1s.6 )-Burnsotuufod'fyBs u ddhSiasnts mkarniuts cripts
(p1.9 )-TransolfBa utdidohtniessxi ttnK s a lmMyokn,g oalniTdai nb et­
an( p2J..) -Frentcrha nsloaftFiao-nhsFso i-keuno'a-csnbH dis lian-Tsang's
Hsi-yii(-pc%£.b) i- StuodfyT heraviida bByuS dpdehniHcsaemr dy,
BiganadnedAtl aba(sp2t.2)e r
Alrealdoyn bge foArlee xantdheGerr eaitn formaatbiooIunnt eli ar eached
GreeceSn.ic'Ae l exandceorn'qsu e(s3t2s6- 32B3. C.m)uc hm oreb ecame
knowanb oIunteli aT.h em ositm portsaonutri cste h ew orokMf e gasthenes
whoa bo3ut00B .Cv.is iPtaetda liapsuat ner nav oMye.g asthewnoershk'a sns o t
beenp reserbvumetad n Gyr eeakn Lda tianu thhoarvse muasdoeefi tM.e'g as­
thenmeesn tibornash maanndss ramal)Samose.s cholhaarvcseo nsidtehree d
sramatl)oab seB uddhibsuttts h iissn otwa rranbtyet dhu es oef t hweo ridn
thien scripoAtfsi ooknaasn di nt hPea lteix Tthsefi. r stti me Budidshm iesn­m
tionienadG reesko uricfisev eh undryeeda arfst Meerg astheCnleesm.eo nft
Alexandwrhiowa r othei Ssr tomataebiosu2 t00 A .Dm.e ntions Iwnhdoi ans
folltohwpe r ecoefpBto uatntdv. e nerhaitmae •s godI.ti' sn ostu rprtoi sing
findt hiisn formaitnai noa nu thloirv iinnAg l exandIrnai · aeli.s cputrots hee
citiozAfel nesx anDdiraiCnah ,t ysostmoemnotsi otnheaadtm onhgi sau elience
5 W.R eeDsiege,r iubNiaJcchhrmui bcltehtdrfi ebetiznltu Fme ldAzluegxeatk nsGde rro lItIl,
Lepizi1g9,1 4.
� Them oscta rsetfuuodlfMy e gasthweonr.ekiBs s.' csT. i]m.m Metrg,a rtilt hdee ntI
illdM'aialtcrhcAehm asptpeij,r1 d39a0Rm.e, c elnitt eroanMt eugraes tihgsei nvebesyJn .
DuncMa.Dn e rrMeetgta,s tDheekrnl edPsna,eu 3l( yS,t ut1t9g6ac9ro)tIl,S,I. D -U54.
7 Stro1m,.1 5c.fT7.i1 m;m e0;rc., i pt..8, 4 -6A;.D ihIlned,i Pshcihleo sbcoip hen
ClemAelnesx anJ.dtfrUIi/(nUFuIt sI,l KIlcahurrMiefttir n)c,h1 e69n4p,,p 60-.7 0.
5
thewreer Bea ctriSacnyst,h iaanndss o mIen diaDniso.Cn'h rysostdoimeods
iIn IA7.D D. urintgh eea rCleyn turoifoe user r tah ewraes n ol acokfc ontact
betweSeonu tIhn djaa nCde yloonnt hoen eh anadn Adl exandarnRida om e
ont hoet heCrl.e'm ecnotu hladv bee epna rticwuellailrn lfyo rambeodIu ntd ia,
iif ti st ruteh ahti tse acPhaenrt aitnroasv etlIoln eddi aasi, st olbdyE usebius
(±263-O3S e3v9e)rsa.cl1h olbaerlsi tehvaAetl exdarniiasm entionPeadl ii n
texTthse.n amAel asanidsa fofuonutdri meisnt hMei lindap(aefidVh..a
Trenck8n2er. 2332-723.432,I7 .,an1 3d8 5 9.t2w9ic)ien,t hMea hiindiedsa
(p.T.eSd.1. 55a.n5d4 1S-aIn1do )nc ien t hMea hiival(!1XXIXsa. 39)."
Agreemeonntt h ipso inhto,w evhears,n otb eerne achbeyds cholars.
Abouttw oc entuarfiteCeslr e meBnutd dhiasm entiobnyeH di eronymus
(±347-w4ho1t e9lu)ls ts h aBtu ddhwaa sb ornf rotmh sei doefa v irgin."
Int hfeo llocweinntgu nroik enso wleodBfgu ed dhisseme mtsoh avree ached
thWee stI.nm ediaetviamCleh sr istevnednoemr twatoeS da ints, Baanrdl aam
JosapThhaetl .e geonftd h etsweos ainwtassv erpyo pualnavdre rsiionmn asn y
langu(aGgreeeskL ,a tiFnr,e nch, GIetramlaSinpa,an n,i Psrho,v enRcaolm,a ic,
Dutcahn Sdc andinacviiracnu)li anmt eeddi aeEvuarlo pWeh.e nt hel egend
oBfu ddhbae cakmneo wn in Etuhrreoe psee,m blwainttchhe le e geonSfda int
Josapwhaasts oon noTthiefic resdtt.op oiintot u wta sa nu nknown eodfi tor
MarcPoo low'osr k wahdod etdh efo llorweimnagtr oMk a rcPoo loa'csc ount
oft hel egeonfBd u ddh"aT:h iissl ikteh lei ofSfea iInots apwhhaotw ass� n
oft hkei nAgv eniorft hopsaer otfsI ndainedw, a sc onverttote hdCe h ristian
faibtyht hmee anosf Barlaacmc,o rdaisin srg e aidnt hlei afnedl egenodft he
8 AdA lexand3ri24n,o0 s.
9 JF.i lliLoezsae tc,h andgeesI 'lnedtde e F Empirroem aaiunx p remiseiresd dees
l'ecrher 6tieRenPUtn eh,i I/o2r0i1'l1u,9e 4p,9p ,.1 -2E9t;.L a mottLee,sp remi�res
relateinotnrsIe ' lnedtel 'occiLad eNnotu, PeClllie1o 9,5p p38., 3 -1R.'D e1l8b;ru eck,
SiidasiSaeteifsacihhmAre lt t ertBounmn,e1 ra hrb1ii5c5bt/1r19 556p5p,-8. 65 -,82 ,-92308;
FranFz.S chwaNrezu,e P erspekitnid veengn r iechisch-BeziinedhiusncgheOenLZn,,
671,9 7c2ol1,.8 -21.
10 Eusebhiu.es c c5!1,. 0.
U Cf.H .d eL ubaocp,c .i tpp..1, 3 -C1r6i;tpi iifjcaD li ctiIoC naorpye,nh a1ge9n24,-
194pp844.,' -442.
12 Hiera.d vI.o v1., 42c;fA .. D ihlBeu,d dhuan d HieronMyimtutse,ll ateinircbel
1ahrb2u1,c9 b6p,p5 3., 8 -F4ou1c.hL earv ,i deu Bo uddhaP,a ri1s9,4 p9.3 ,5 T7r:a ditur
quoBdu ddapmr,i ncidpoegmm aetoirsu eml ,a tesrueov irggoe nerarit.
6