A Beginner’s Guide to Social Theory Shaun Best a beginner’s guide to social theor y a beginner’s guide to social theor y Shaun Best Sage Publications London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi (cid:216)ShaunBest2003 Firstpublished2003 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybe reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,transmittedor utilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic, mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,without permissioninwritingfromthePublishers. SAGEPublicationsLtd 6BonhillStreet LondonEC2A4PU SAGEPublicationsInc 2455TellerRoad ThousandOaks,California91320 SAGEPublicationsIndiaPvtLtd 32,M-BlockMarket GreaterKailash – I NewDelhi110048 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationdata AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritish Library ISBN0761965327 ISBN0761965335(pbk) LibraryofCongresscontrolnumberavailable TypesetbyMayhewTypesetting,Rhayader,Powys PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyTJInternationalLtd, Padstow,Cornwall To Jane, Jessica and Jonathan Contents Introduction: The Theoretical Self 1 1 Functionalist Perspectives: Theorising Systems and Structures 15 2 Marxism: Theorising Capitalism – Debates and Developments 47 3 The Action Perspectives: Theorising Social Action and Self 107 4 Feminist Approaches: Theorising Patriarchy and Oppression 141 5 Anthony Giddens: Theorising Agency and Structure 181 6 Postmodernism: Theorising Fragmentation and Uncertainty 211 Index 275 Chapter contents Personal knowledge: from What do social theorists do? 8 knowingthatto knowing The limits of what social theory how 5 can do 10 Social theory and its recent Social theory and the search history 6 for truth 11 What is a social theory? 7 Conclusion 13 Introduction: The Theoretical Self