OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 CONCEPTS, STANDARDS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 CONCEPTS, STANDARDS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018), OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018: Concepts, Standards, Definitions and Classifications, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264304444-en ISBN 978-92-64-30443-7 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-30444-4 (PDF) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © Christopher Futcher/iStock, © Marc Romanelli/Gettyimages, © michaeljung/Shutterstock, © Pressmaster/Shutterstock. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to