5G Wireless Systems. Simulation and Evaluation Techniques

454 Pages·2017·14.959 MB·English

by  Yang Yang

Wireless Networks
Yang Yang
Jing Xu
Guang Shi
Cheng-Xiang Wang
5G Wireless
Systems
Simulation and Evaluation Techniques
Wireless Networks
Serieseditor
XueminShermanShen
UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,Canada
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/14180
Yang Yang (cid:129) Jing Xu (cid:129) Guang Shi (cid:129)
Cheng-Xiang Wang
5G Wireless Systems
Simulation and Evaluation Techniques
YangYang JingXu
CASKeyLabofWirelessSensor ShanghaiResearchCenterforWireless
NetworkandCommunication Communications
ShanghaiInstituteofMicrosystem Shanghai,China
andInformationTechnology
Shanghai,China
GuangShi Cheng-XiangWang
ChinaInstituteofCommunications SchoolofEngineering&PhysicalSciences
Beijing,Beijing Heriot-WattUniversity
China Edinburgh,UnitedKingdom
ISSN2366-1186 ISSN2366-1445 (electronic)
WirelessNetworks
ISBN978-3-319-61868-5 ISBN978-3-319-61869-2 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-61869-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017947041
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018
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Preface
ItisanticipatedthattheFifthGeneration(5G)mobilecommunicationsystemswill
starttobecommercializedanddeployed in2018fornewmobileservicesinthree
key scenarios, i.e., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type
Communications(mMTC),andUltra-ReliableandLowLatencyCommunications
(uRLLC). Based on the preliminary research for 5G standardization by telecom
industryleaderssince2012,theInternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)has
identifiedandannouncedthe5GvisionandKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPI)on
spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, peak data rate, traffic density, device con-
nectivity,radiolatencyandreliabilityforachievingmorecomprehensiveandbetter
service provisioning and user experience. At present, the telecom industry is
actively developing a variety of enabling technologies, such as massive MIMO,
Ultra-Dense Network (UDN), and mmWAVE to accelerate the ongoing 5G stan-
dardizationandprecommercialtrialprocesses.Ontheotherside,new5Gtechnol-
ogies drive the design and development of corresponding simulation platforms,
evaluationmethods,field trails, andapplicationscenarios tocompare,screen, and
improve 5G candidate technologies for the ongoing 5G standardization, system
development, and performance enhancement. In view of these 5G technological
trends and testing requirements, this book aims at addressing the technical chal-
lenges and sharing ourpractical experiencesinthe simulationandevaluation ofa
seriesof5Gcandidatetechnologies.Inparticular,itreviewsthelatestresearchand
developmentactivitiesof5Gcandidatetechnologiesintheliterature,analyzesthe
real challenges in testing and evaluating these technologies, proposes different
technical approaches by combining advanced software and hardware capabilities,
andpresentstheconvincingevaluationresultsinrealisticmobileenvironmentsand
application scenarios, which are based on our long-term dedicated research and
practical experiences in wireless technology evaluation and testbed development.
Thisbookreviewsandprovideskeytestingandevaluationmethodsfor5Gcandi-
date technologies from the perspective of technical R&D engineers. In order to
facilitate readers with different backgrounds to better understand important con-
cepts and methods, we include in this book many examples of various simulation
v
vi Preface
and testing cases, which can be used as technical references by 5G researchers,
engineers,andpostgraduatestudentsinwirelessmobilecommunications.
This book is organized as follows. Chapter 1 reviews the vision and technical
requirements of 5G mobile systems. Some 5G candidate technologies and the
challenges in technical evaluation and verification methods are then discussed.
Chapter 2 introduces the evolution history of a variety of testing and evaluation
technologies, thus offering a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the
importanceanddifficultiesoftestingtechnologies.Sincewirelesschannelcharac-
teristics play a key role in system design and performance evaluation, Chapter 3
introduces state-of-the-art wireless channel measurement, modeling, and simula-
tion methods in detail. Chapter 4 is focused on the development of a large-scale
system-levelsoftwaresimulationplatformbyusingparallelcomputingtechnology.
BasedonHardware-in-theLoop(HIL)technology,Chapter5developsahardware
andsoftwareco-simulationplatformwithareal-timechannelemulatorintheloop,
thus balancing the simulation speed and system flexibility. Further, Chapter 6
presents a truly real-time hardware testing and evaluation platform with a set of
advanced measuring equipments and instruments for small-scale 5G technology
evaluation.Finally,Chapter7givesthelayoutanddesignofareal5Gtestbedwith
sixmacro-cellsforfieldtrialsandfuturemobileservices.
Lastbutnotleast,wewouldliketoacknowledgethegenerousfinancialsupports
over the last ten years from the National Science and Technology Major Projects
“New Generation Mobile Wireless Broadband Communication Networks,”
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technol-
ogyofChina,MinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyofChina,Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Munic-
ipality,andShanghaiMunicipalCommissionofEconomyandInformatization.In
addition, we are very grateful to the following colleagues for their kind help and
constructive comments on earlier versions of this book, i.e., Xin Yang, Haowen
Wang, Hui Xu, Kai Li, Xiumei Yang, Jian Sun, Jinling Du, Yuanping Zhu,
Chenping,Panrongwei,GuannanSong,GuoweiZhang,andKailiWang.
Shanghai,China YangYang
Shanghai,China XuJing
Beijing,China ShiGuang
Edinburgh,UK WangCheng-Xiang
Contents
1 CandidateTechnologiesandEvaluationChallengesfor5G. . . . . . . 1
1.1 5GRequirementsAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 5GApplicationTypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.2 5GApplicationScenariosandRequirements
Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 5GResearchandDevelopmentProcess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 5GCandidateTechnologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.1 Ultra-DenseWirelessNetwork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2 LargeScaleAntennaTechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.3 MillimeterWaveCommunicationsTechnology. . . . . . . . 8
1.3.4 FlexibleSpectrumUsage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.5 WaveformandMultipleAccess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3.6 DevicetoDevice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Challengesin5GTestingandEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 13
1.4.1 ChallengesPosedbyNewTechnologiestoTesting
andEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.2 FourElementsofTestingandEvaluation
Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.5 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2 EvolutionofTestingTechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1 TheImportanceofTestingTechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2 TestingTechnologyEvolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.1 DevelopmentofTestingInstruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.2 DevelopmentTrendofTestingTechnology. . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 ChallengesofTestingTechnology. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 38
2.3.1 ChallengesofMulti-FunctionandHigh-Performance. . . 38
2.3.2 ChallengesofMulti-channel. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 39
2.3.3 ChallengesofHighThroughput. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
vii
viii Contents
2.4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 ChannelMeasurementandModeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.1 Requirementsfor5GWirelessChannelModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2 ChannelModelingMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2.1 Measurement-BasedGSCM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.2 Regular-shapeGSCM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.2.3 CSCM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.2.4 ExtendedSVModel.. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 57
3.2.5 RayTracingbasedModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.2.6 ComparisonofModelingMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.3 ChannelMeasurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.3.1 ChannelMeasurementMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.3.2 ChannelMeasurementActivities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.4 ChannelDataProcessing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.4.1 PathParametersExtraction. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 90
3.4.2 ChannelStatisticalAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.5 ExistingChannelModels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.5.1 3GPPSCM/3D/D2D/HF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.5.2 WINNERI/II/+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.5.3 ITUIMT-Advanced,IMT-2020. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.5.4 COST259/273/2100/IC1004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.5.5 IEEE802.11TGn/TGac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.5.6 QuaDRiGa,mmMAGIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.5.7 IEEE802.15.3c/IEEE802.11ad/aj/ay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.5.8 MiWEBA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.5.9 METIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.5.10 5GCM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
3.5.11 ComparisonofExistingModels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
3.6 StochasticChannelGeneration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
3.6.1 DefinitionofSimulationScenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.6.2 GenerationofLargeScaleParameters. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 129
3.6.3 GenerationofSmallScaleParameters. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 135
3.6.4 GenerationofChannelCoefficient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.7 ChapterSummary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4 SoftwareSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.1 OverviewonSoftwareSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.2 5GSoftwareSimulationRequirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.2.1 SimulationRequirementsAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.2.2 TechnologicalImpactAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
4.3 5GSoftwareLinkLevelSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
4.3.1 LinkTechnologyOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Contents ix
4.3.2 LinkSimulationRealization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
4.3.3 IntroductiontoSimulationCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4.4 5GSoftwareSystemLevelSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
4.4.1 TestEvaluationMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
4.4.2 KeySimulationTechnologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.4.3 IntroductiontoSimulationCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
4.5 SoftwareVisualizationof5GNetworkSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . 226
4.5.1 ArchitectureSummary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
4.5.2 InterfaceDemonstration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
5 EvaluationTestofSoftwareandHardwareCo-simulation. . . . . . . . 235
5.1 OverviewofSoftwareandHardwareCo-Simulation
EvaluationandTest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
5.1.1 Requirementsof5GSoftwareandHardware
SimulationEvaluationandTest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
5.1.2 FormsandApplicationsofSoftware
andHardwareCo-SimulationTesting
andEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
5.2 EvaluationandTestofSoftwareandHardware
Link-LevelCo-Simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
5.2.1 HIL-BasedLinkSimulationComposition. . . . . . . . . . . . 240
5.2.2 RealizationofLinkSimulationTesting
andEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
5.2.3 CaseIntroductionofSoftwareandHardware
SimulationEvaluationTest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5.3 EvaluationandTestonHardwareandSoftware
System-levelCo-simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
5.3.1 CompositionofHardwareandSoftware
System-levelCo-simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
5.3.2 KeyTechnologiesofHardwareandSoftware
System-LevelCo-simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
5.3.3 CaseStudyofSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
5.4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
6 5GHardwareTestEvaluationPlatform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
6.1 OverviewofTypicalHardwarePlatformUsed
for5GEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
6.2 TestPlatformofMIMOParallelChannel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
6.2.1 5GChannelTestRequirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
6.2.2 StatusandShortcomings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
6.2.3 KeyTechnicalChallenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
6.2.4 ArchitectureofMIMOParallelChannelSounder. . . . . . 307