Program 56th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo ™ Baltimore, Maryland | March 12–16, 2017 www.toxicology.org Dear Colleagues: Thank you for joining SOT at its 56th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, the premier event for scientists involved in toxicology and related fields. This year’s meeting, like its predecessors, is designed to provide you with access to cutting-edge science, networking opportunities, and career development resources through its various events and activities: • 160+ Scientific Sessions, covering diverse topics such as age- dependent neuroimmunotoxicological effects, cardiopulmonary consequences of gestational toxicant exposure, and novel in vitro and in silico platforms, among dozens of others; • 50+ receptions and social events hosted by SOT Regional Chapters, Special Interest Groups, Specialty Sections, Committees, and other Awards Ceremony toxicology-related organizations; (All Attendees Welcome) Sunday, March 12 • 13 Continuing Education courses and other education 5:15 PM to 6:30 PM opportunities; and Ballroom III • ToxExpo, featuring more than 330 exhibitors providing Welcome products, services, and technology created to benefit the Reception toxicology community. (All Attendees Welcome) I am pleased to share that the Daily Plenary Session format is returning Sunday, March 12 for its second year. These lectures are meant to highlight novel 6:30 PM to 7:30 PM discoveries and approaches related to toxicology and to facilitate the Hall A integration of toxicology with other biomedical disciplines. This year, 25-Year (Or More) the Plenary Sessions are exploring data science, precision medicine, and Member Reception the exposome. I encourage all attendees to begin their days at these important lectures being delivered by renowned experts in the fields. (By Invitation Only) Sunday, March 12 Thank you again for joining SOT in Baltimore, where we have gathered 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM to share research, exchange ideas, and form collaborations to advance Ballroom Foyer toxicology’s impact on health. SOT Annual Sincerely, Business Meeting (All SOT Members Invited) Tuesday, March 14 4:45 PM to 6:15 PM Room 308 These events take John B. Morris, PhD place in the Baltimore Convention Center. 2016–2017 SOT President Society of Toxicology Baltimore Maryland 2017 56th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo Scientific Program Overview Sunday, March 12 Monday, March 13 7:00 AM to 7:45 AM 8:00 AM to 9:20 AM CONTINUING EDUCATION SUNRISE MINI-COURSE DAILY PLENARY SESSION SR01 Molecular Imaging for Toxicologists (p91) • Data Science Lecturers: Peter Sorger, Harvard Medical School; 8:15 AM to 12:00 Noon and Lara Mangravite, Sage Bionetworks (p101) CONTINUING EDUCATION MORNING COURSES AM02 Adding Up Chemicals: Component-Based Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures (p91) 9:30 AM to 12:15 PM AM03 Current Principles for Nonclinical Chronic Toxicity/ SYMPOSIUM SESSIONS Carcinogenicity Testing of Environmental Chemicals (p92) AM04 Navigating Drug-Induced Vascular Injury in Preclinical and • Early-Life Inorganic Arsenic Exposures and Later-in-Life Effects (p102) Clinical Development of Novel Therapeutics (p92) • Organs-on-a-Chip, Tissue Bioprinting, and 3D Cultures: Next AM05 New Concepts and Technologies in Metals Toxicology (p93) Generation Models for Toxicology in the 21st Century (p103) AM06 Reproductive Toxicity: Challenges and Practical Approaches to • Translational Control in Disease Progression and Xenobiotic-Mediated Determine Risk in Drug Development (p93) Toxicity (p103) AM07 Technologies and Applications of Stem Cells for Use in WORKSHOP SESSIONS Toxicology (p94) • Cross-Industry and Regulatory Approach for the Identification and/ or Qualification of Novel Safety Biomarkers of Drug-Induced Vascular 1:15 PM to 5:00 PM Injury (DIVI) (p104) • Fit for Purpose: Using Computational Models for Risk (p104) CONTINUING EDUCATION AFTERNOON COURSES • Scientific, Regulatory, and Safety Considerations for Probiotics and PM08 Detecting Cancer Risk in Drugs: Design, Conduct, and Microbiome Targeted Therapeutics (p105) Interpretation of Carcinogenicity Studies for Regulatory Approvals (p94) PLATFORM SESSIONS PM09 Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART) and • Investigating Mode of Action in Chemical Carcinogenesis (p105) Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals: Applications, • Ozone and Inflammation (p106) Complexities, and Novel Approaches (p95) PM10 Emerging Approaches in Genetic Toxicology for Product 9:30 AM to 12:45 PM Development (p95) POSTER SESSIONS PM11 Extrapolation in the Airways: Strategies to Incorporate In Vivo and In Vitro Data to Better Protect Human Health (p96) • Carcinogenesis I (p106) PM12 Health-Based Limits for Toxicological Risk Assessment: Setting • Carcinogenesis II (p108) Acceptable Daily Exposures for Pharmaceutical and Chemical • Developmental and Juvenile Toxicity (p114) Safety (p96) • Epidemiology and Public Health (p118) PM13 Read-Across: Case Studies, New Techniques, and Guidelines • Epigenetics (p121) for Practical Application (p97) • Liver: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches (p116) • Mixtures (p109) • Nanotoxicology: In Vivo (p120) • Neurotoxicology: Metals—Cd, Pb, and Others (p111) • Neurotoxicology: Metals—Mercury (p110) • Receptors, Gene Regulation, and Signaling (p111) • Reproductive Toxicology (p113) 9:30 AM to 3:00 PM RESEARCH FUNDING INSIGHTS • Network with Program Officers (p123) 12:30 PM to 1:20 PM MERIT AWARD LECTURE If found, please return to: • Cell Proliferation and Carcinogenesis: Bad Luck and the Environment Lecturer: Samuel M. Cohen, University of Nebraska Medical Center (p125) Name: Contact Telephone: 12:30 PM to 1:50 PM 2:00 PM to 4:45 PM Tuesday, March 14 ROUNDTABLE SESSION SYMPOSIUM SESSIONS • Bias and Conflict of Interest in • Cell Health and Mechanistic Assays 8:00 AM to 9:20 AM Conducting Research and Risk for the In Vitro Prediction of DILI (p138) DAILY PLENARY SESSION Assessments: Perspectives from • Circadian Rhythms in Air Pollution- • Precision Medicine Academia, Government, Industry, Induced Pulmonary and Cardiovascular and Others (p125) Disorders: A Race against the Lecturers: Jun J. Yang, St. Jude Children’s Clocks (p138) INFORMATIONAL SESSIONS Research Hospital; and Richard Barker, • Lifespan Neuroimmunotoxicology: University of Oxford (p147) • Advances in Preclinical Safety Testing: Age-Dependent Neuroimmune Progress in Implementation of ICH Dyshomeostasis Caused by Pollutants, Guidances (p126) Pathogens, and Psychoactive • Supporting Open Data in Substances (p139) Toxicology (p126) WORKSHOP SESSIONS 1:15 PM to 4:30 PM • Bispecific Molecules: Nonclinical 9:30 AM to 12:15 PM POSTER SESSIONS and Clinical Development Challenges (p139) SYMPOSIUM SESSIONS • Bioinformatics and Tox • Controversies in Pesticide • Cardiopulmonary Consequences of Databases (p127) Toxicology (p140) Gestational Toxicant Exposure: Getting • Cytochrome P450 (p133) • Improving Public Health through to the Heart of the Matter (p148) • Endocrine Toxicology (p134) Innovations in Exposure Science (p141) • Contribution of Gene Transcription to • Hepatotoxicity (p131) • Modernizing Toxicological Risk Spontaneous Mutation and Genotoxic • Nanotoxicology: In Vitro (p135) Assessment for Compounds Released Outcomes (p148) • Neurodegenerative Diseases (p130) from Pharmaceutical, Consumer, Medical Device and Combination WORKSHOP SESSIONS • Neurotoxicology: Metals— Manganese (p129) Products: Alternative Tools and • Incorporating In Vitro Reproductive and Methods (p141) Developmental Assays into Regulatory • Neurotoxicology: Microelectrode Arrays Risk Assessment (p149) (MEAs) (p129) PLATFORM SESSIONS • Opportunities for Read-Across • Pharmacogenomics (p134) • Multi-Omic Connections in Development and Application Using • Stem Cell Biology and Chemical Toxicity (p142) QSAR Approaches (p149) Toxicology (p131) • Reproductive Toxicology (p142) INFORMATIONAL SESSION 1:30 PM to 2:30 PM 3:00 PM to 4:30 PM • Thresholds of Toxicological Concern: MEET THE DIRECTORS RESEARCH FUNDING 21st Century Safety Assessment (p150) • A Conversation with Linda S. Birnbaum INSIGHTS SESSION and Robert J. Kavlock PLATFORM SESSIONS • Research Funding 101: Multiple Perspectives on the NIH Grant • Chemical and Biological Panelists: Linda S. Birnbaum, NIEHS; and Process (p143) Weapons (p150) Robert J. Kavlock, US EPA (p137) • Endocrine Toxicology (p151) 4:45 PM to 6:00 PM • Mechanisms of Toxicity: SPC Highlights SOT/EUROTOX DEBATE Emerging Scientists (p151) • Toxicology Testing of Drug 9:30 AM to 12:45 PM Combinations Does Not Add Significant Value to Human Risk Evaluation Beyond POSTER SESSIONS What Is Known for the Individual Agents • Dose-Response Assessment and Toxicity Reference Value Derivation (p162) Lecturers: Kenneth L. Hastings, Hastings Toxicology Consulting LLC; • Exposure Assessment and and Philip Bentley, Toxicodynamix Biomonitoring (p164) International LLC (p144) • Immunotoxicology (p169) • Kidney (p160) • Metals I: Arsenic and Lead (p159) • Neurotoxicology: General Neurotoxicity (p156) • Non-Pharmaceutical Safety Assessment (p163) • Ocular Toxicology (p158) • Oxidative Injury and Redox Biology (p168) • Pharmaceutical Safety: Drug Development (p153) • Pharmaceutical Safety: Drug Discovery (p152) • Tobacco Products (p166) 9:30 AM to 4:30 PM 5:00 PM to 6:20 PM 9:30 AM to 12:45 PM RESEARCH FUNDING INSIGHTS EDUCATION-CAREER POSTER SESSIONS DEVELOPMENT SESSION • Network with Program Officers (p171) • Air Pollution (p203) • Careers for Toxicologists at Primarily • Air Pollution: Particulate Matter (p205) 1:15 PM to 4:30 PM Undergraduate Institutions: Everything • Animal Models (p218) You Need to Know About the Job, Hiring POSTER SESSIONS • Clinical and Translational Process, and Strategies for Success in • Biomarkers (p173) Teaching and Research (p194) Toxicology (p210) • Biotransformation (p186) • Developmental Neurotoxicity (p214) • Cell Death Mechanisms (p177) Wednesday, March 15 • Disposition/Pharmacokinetics (p207) • Chemical and Biological • Food Safety and Nutrition (p211) Weapons (p175) 8:00 AM to 9:20 AM • Liver 1: Mechanisms and Translational • Genetic Toxicity (p186) Biomarkers (p207) DAILY PLENARY SESSION—KEYNOTE • Medical Devices (p181) MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (MRC) • Liver 2: Mechanisms and Translational • Metals II: Cadmium and LECTURE Biomarkers (p209) Mercury (p178) • The Exposome: Challenges and • Nanotoxicology: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials (p219) • Metals III: Various Metals and Opportunities Mixtures (p179) • Natural Products (p213) • Nanoparticle Exposure, Dosimetry, and Lecturer: Paul Elliott, Imperial • Persistent Organic Pollutants (p206) In Silico Modeling (p188) College (p221) • Pesticides (p216) • Regulation and Policy (p182) • Respiratory Toxicology (p201) • Skin (p183) 9:30 AM to 4:30 PM • The Developmental Basis of Adult 9:30 AM to 12:15 PM Disease (p184) RESEARCH FUNDING INSIGHTS SYMPOSIUM SESSIONS • Network with Program Officers (p221) 2:00 PM to 4:45 PM • Investigating Metabolic Diseases Using SYMPOSIUM SESSIONS Integrated ’Omics Approaches (p197) 12:30 PM to 1:20 PM • Big Data, Meet Chemical • The Skin As a Metabolic and Immune- DISTINGUISHED TOXICOLOGY Carcinogenesis! Are There New Competent Organ: Implications for SCHOLAR AWARD LECTURE Solutions for an Old Problem? (p190) Pharmaceutical Development and • Dioxins and the Ah Receptor: Synergy of Safety Assessment (p198) • Chemically-Induced Neuroinflammation Discovery and “Sickness Behavior” WORKSHOP SESSIONS Disorders (p190) Lecturer: Linda S. Birnbaum, • Emerging Concepts in Nonclinical • 3D Cell Platforms to Advance NIEHS (p222) Development of Immuno-Oncology Toxicological Sciences (p198) Agents: Enabling Translation of • Challenges and Novel Approaches Nonclinical Pharmacology and Safety Evaluating Developmental Information to First-in-Human Clinical and Reproductive Toxicity of 12:30 PM to 1:50 PM Trials (p190) Biotherapeutics (p199) ROUNDTABLE SESSIONS • Lost in Translation: Bringing the Real • Circulatory Mechanisms Underlying World to In Vitro Data (p191) the Systemic Effects of Inhaled • Designing a Carcinogenic Mode-of- • MiRNAs As Translational Biomarkers of Nanoparticles and Complex Action Research Program Useful for Kidney Injury (p191) Combustion Mixtures: Common Regulatory Decision Making: Challenges Pathways for Diverse Toxicants (p199) and Lessons Learned (p222) WORKSHOP SESSIONS • Increasing the Utility and Acceptance of • Herbo-Metallic Mixtures in Traditional • Low Dose Non-Monotonic Chemical Specific Adjustment Factors— Medicines (p223) International Experience (p200) Responses (p192) • Measurement and Prediction INFORMATIONAL SESSIONS • Safety or Prediction? What Is the Future of Regulatory Toxicity Testing? (p192) of Chemicals in Consumer • Communicating Toxicology to the Products (p200) Public (p223) PLATFORM SESSION • Data Science to Generate Toxicity • Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Signatures (p224) Impairment (p193) HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS SESSION 4:45 PM to 6:15 PM • NIEHS Superfund Research Program: SOT ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING A History of Cutting-Edge Science and Innovative Technologies (p224) • SOT Members are encouraged to attend (p194) 1:15 PM to 4:30 PM 5:00 PM to 5:50 PM Thursday, March 16 POSTER SESSIONS TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT AWARD LECTURE 8:30 AM to 11:15 AM • Alternatives to Mammalian Models I: Liver, Ocular, and Skin • Development of a Clinical Diagnostic SYMPOSIUM SESSIONS Alternatives (p225) Test for Acetaminophen Liver Injury • Evaluating the Reproductive and • Alternatives to Mammalian Lecturer: Laura P. James, Developmental Effects of Botanical Models II (p227) University of Arkansas for Dietary Supplements (p251) • Autoimmunity/Hypersensitivity (p236) Medical Sciences, Arkansas • In Vitro and Alternative Methods in • Cardiovascular and Hemodynamics Children’s Hospital (p247) Ocular Toxicology: The “Eyes” Have Toxicity (p241) It (p252) • Ecotoxicology (p231) • Quantitative Systems Toxicology for 5:00 PM to 6:20 PM • Education, Ethical, Legal, and Chemical Safety Assessment Social Issues (p240) SOCIETY OF TOXICOLOGY AND (p252) • General Toxicology (p239) JAPANESE SOCIETY OF TOXICOLOGY • The Next Technology Wave: Biosensors, MINI-SYMPOSIUM • Inflammation in Disease (p238) Extreme Computing, and Organ Chips • Inflammation: Methods and • Immune Factors in Drug-Induced for Predicting Cardiovascular Toxicity Mechanisms (p239) Liver Injury (p253) • Nanotoxicology: General (p233) Lecturers: Robert A. Roth, Michigan WORKSHOP SESSIONS • Neurotoxicology: Pesticides (p232) State University; and Tsuyoshi Yokoi, • Biological Advances to Help Navigate • Quantitative Systems Nagoya University Graduate School of the Nonclinical Safety Assessment Toxicology (p234) Medicine (p247) Strategy in Cancer Immunotherapy: • Risk Assessment Strategies Utility, Limitations, and Future and Applications (p229) Direction (p253) • Microparticles and Exosomes in 2:00 PM to 4:45 PM Cardiopulmonary System-Stem Cell SYMPOSIUM SESSIONS and Microenvironment Regulation by ROUNDTABLE SESSION Toxicants (p254) • Enhancing the Clinical Benefit of • New Findings on Pyrethroid Cancer Drugs: Toxicity As a Therapeutic • Implementing Developmental Thyroid Developmental Neurotoxicity: An Target (p243) Toxicity Guidance into Practice: What’s Alternate Approach to Charactering • Increasing Confidence in Safety Working, What’s Not, and How Can We Age-Related Differences to Hazard Assessment Decisions: The Inclusion Do Better? (p248) Identification (p254) of Metabolism in Toxicity Testing Strategies (p243) INFORMATIONAL SESSIONS 8:30 AM to 11:45 AM • Novel In Vitro and In Silico Platforms for • Addressing Rigor and Transparency POSTER SESSIONS Modeling Developmental and in Research and Journal Reproductive Toxicity (p244) Publications (p248) • Alternatives to Mammalian • Bioinformatics Tools for Accelerated Models III (p255) WORKSHOP SESSIONS Hypothesis Generation and Mechanistic • Biological Modeling (p256) • Anesthetics, Analgesics, and Ionizing Insights (p249) • Emerging Technologies (p259) Radiation: Balancing Utility and Safety • Systems Toxicology (p258) in Pregnant Women, Infants, and EDUCATION-CAREER Children (p245) DEVELOPMENT SESSION • Late-Breaking Poster Sessions—Session topics available via Mobile Event App or • Data Standardization Across • Mastering Soft Skills to Advance Your Online Planner. ’Omic Platforms in Regulatory Scientific Career (p249) Toxicology (p245) • Is There a Concern for Neurotoxicity from Replacement Organophosphorus Flame-Retardants?: Insights Using Molecular Approaches, Systems Biology, and Human Exposure (p246) Society of Toxicology 56th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo March 12–16, 2017 Program Contents i Scientific Program Overview 2 ePosters—A Convenient Way to View Posters 3 SOT Mobile Event App 4 How to Use This Program 5 Events and Maps 33 ToxExpo Exhibits 1 o p 43 x Registration e x o t # 47 General Information T O S 7 53 1 Awards and Fellowships 0 2 # 75 Sessions Index 81 Posters 89 Program Schedule Inside Back SOT Supporters Cover All text and graphics are © 2017 by the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. No text or graphics may be copied or used without written permission from the Society of Toxicology. For further information, please contact SOT Headquarters. For promotional use only. No advertising use is permitted. Did You Miss a Poster? SOT provides you an alternative. 2 M o b ile E v e n t A p p ePosters—A Convenient Way to View Posters In addition to attending the Poster Sessions, you can view posters through the SOT Mobile Event App. Search and view the ePosters on your mobile poster presenter, please take a few minutes to device using the ePoster feature in the SOT upload your PowerPoint or PDF poster through Mobile Event App—before, during, and after the user-friendly presentation system at the meeting (until mid May 2017). If you are a https://cms.psav.com/esot2017. IMPORTANT: ePosters are Access the SOT 2017 App at: only available until Access via Mobile Web mid May 2017 www.toxicology.org/mobileapp SOT Mobile Event App! Access information from the SOT Program, The Toxicologist, ToxExpo Directory, and more via your mobile device. 3 o p x e x o t # T Connect with O S fellow attendees, Navigate the ToxExpo 7 1 speakers, and fl oor plan and fi nd 0 2 exhibitors. products and services. # View and Search for Scientifi c Sessions, abstracts, and ePosters. Build a personalized schedule that also syncs with the Engage with SOT online computer-based Online Access (Blog, ToXchange, Planner (available in January). convention center Facebook, Twitter). and Baltimore maps. Access the SOT 2017 App at: Access via Mobile Web Access the SOT 2017 App at: www.toxicology.org/mobileapp Access via Mobile Web To connect to the free www.toxicology.org/mobileapp wireless Internet, browse the available wireless networks and select the 2017SOT wireless network. Once connected, launch your web browser and click the “proceed” button on the start page. How to Use This Program The SOT Annual Meeting is always an exciting opportunity to highlight advancements in toxicology. In order to maximize the value of your Annual Meeting attendance, please use the Program Publication Layout Overview, Program Schedule Scientific Session Reference, and Scientific Session Type Legend to assist you. Program Publication Layout Overview Section Description Front Fold-Out Cover — This quick reference guide lists the Annual Meeting Scientific Sessions with corresponding page numbers in the Program Scientific Program Schedule section. Overview Daily Calendar This at-a-glance calendar is your guide to the daily activities of the Annual Meeting, including special sessions; (pages 5–13) Regional Chapter, Special Interest Group, Specialty Section, and ancillary functions; and SOT committee meetings. You are encouraged to tear out the daily guide for easy reference. Please note that the Scientific Session details are included at the end of each day’s guide. Schedule by This is an alphabetical listing of all the functions held during the Annual Meeting. You may use this easy-to-read schedule Event Name to quickly locate an event. Please note that the Scientific Sessions are located in the Scientific Program Overview on the (pages 15–292) front fold-out cover or Daily Calendar on pages 5–13. Scientific Session Index This index lists the Scientific Sessions by type, date, and time. In addition, this information includes the session titles with (pages 75–80) abstract numbers, poster boards, session locations, and corresponding page numbers in the Program Schedule section. Poster Session The Poster Session Schedule and Poster Board Numbering Map are displayed with a layout of the ToxExpo Exhibit Hall Schedules and Poster to assist you in finding Poster Sessions. Each poster schedule identifies the session titles, abstract numbers, and poster Board Numbering Map board number locations for each morning and afternoon. Posters are displayed in the Exhibit Hall Monday–Wednesday (pages 81–86) and Hall A on Thursday. Author Index The numerals following the author names refer to the abstract numbers referenced in this Program, The Toxicologist, the (pages 262–284) Mobile Event App, and Online Planner. The asterisk after the abstract number indicates the author is the presenter. Abstract Keyword Index This index provides a listing of keywords by subject or chemical and the relevant abstract(s) referenced in this Program, (pages 285–292) The Toxicologist, the Mobile Event App, and Online Planner. Program Schedule Scientific Session Reference (pages 89–260) The Program Schedule layout is ordered by date and start time. Please refer to the description below. Each Scientific Session listing includes a session 4 abstract and list of speakers or the featured presenters. Listing Description M Session Type and Title Session type and title display in bold type. A brief description for each Scientific Session type is listed below. o b Endorser(s): Identifies endorsement from SOT Special Interest Groups, Specialty Sections, Regional Chapters, or SOT Committees. ile Endorsers are listed alphabetically. E ve Abstract Number or The first number listed is the abstract number, or the SOT final identifying number. For Scientific Sessions (but not n t Presentation Time Continuing Education courses or poster presentations), the second number is the presentation time. Individual abstracts A can be found using the Mobile Event App or Online Planner, in the PDF of The Toxicologist via the SOT website (free to all p p attendees), and in The Toxicologist publication (available for purchase on-site for $50). Poster Sessions The poster board number is listed above the title of each individual poster presentation for easy reference. Session Type Legend Education-Career Development Sessions (80 minutes)—Sessions that Platform Sessions (165 minutes)—Oral presentations that cover new provide the tools and resources to toxicologists that will enhance their areas, concepts, or data professional and scientific development Poster Sessions (195 minutes)—Topic-specific presentations that cover Exhibitor-Hosted Sessions (60 minutes)—Informative sessions new areas, concepts, or data developed by an exhibiting company or SOT Supporter Roundtable Sessions (80 minutes)—These provide an overview of Featured Sessions (50–165 minutes)—Plenary, Keynote, and controversial subjects, followed by questions and discussion other special lectures Symposium Sessions (165 minutes)—Cutting-edge science: new areas, Historical Highlights (165 minutes)—Sessions that provide a review of a concepts, or data historical body of science that has impacted toxicology Innovations in Toxicological Sciences—This symposium subcategory introduces new technologies or scientific Informational Sessions (80 or 165 minutes)—These present the latest disciplines to attendees science in toxicology or other learning opportunities that address the professional interests and needs of toxicologists in the areas of career Workshop Sessions (165 minutes)—Generally accepted, state-of- development, general information, and planned scientific activities the-art knowledge in toxicology in informal interactive presentations and are not based on the outcome of scientific research with ample time for discussion
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