50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know

337 Pages·2020·8.746 MB·English

by  Alan Penman

50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know
50 STUDIES EVERY DOCTOR SHOULD KNOW
50 Studies Every Doctor Should Know: The Key Studies that Form the
Foundation of Evidence Based Medicine, Revised Edition
Michael E. Hochman
50 Studies Every Internist Should Know
Kristopher Swiger, Joshua R. Thomas, Michael E. Hochman,
and Steven Hochman
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David Y. Hwang and David M. Greer
50 Studies Every Pediatrician Should Know
Ashaunta T. Anderson, Nina L. Shapiro, Stephen C. Aronoff,
Jeremiah Davis, and Michael Levy
50 Imaging Studies Every Doctor Should Know
Christoph I. Lee
50 Studies Every Surgeon Should Know
SreyRam Kuy, Rachel J. Kwon, and Miguel A. Burch
50 Studies Every Intensivist Should Know
Edward A. Bittner
50 Studies Every Palliative Care Doctor Should Know
David Hui, Akhila Reddy, and Eduardo Bruera
50 Studies Every Psychiatrist Should Know
Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, and Vinod H. Srihari
50 Studies Every Anesthesiologist Should Know
Anita Gupta, Michael E. Hochman, and Elena N. Gutman
50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know
Alan D. Penman, Kimberly W. Crowder, and William M. Watkins, Jr.
50 Studies Every
Ophthalmologist Should Know
A D. P , m , P D, m
lAn enmAn D h Ph
Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, MS
K W. C
imberly roWDer
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, MS
W m. W , J .
illiAm AtKins r
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, MS
SERIES EDITOR
m e. h , m , m
iChAel oChmAn D Ph
Associate Professor, Medicine
Director, Gehr Family Center for Health Systems Science
USC Keck School of Medicine
Los Angeles, CA
1
1
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Penman, Alan D., author. | Crowder, Kimberly W., author. |
Watkins, William M., Jr. (William Marvin), 1981– author.
Title: 50 studies every ophthalmologist should know / Alan D. Penman,
Kimberly W. Crowder, William M. Watkins, Jr.
Other titles: Fifty studies every ophthalmologist should know |
50 studies every doctor should know (Series)
Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2020] |
Series: Fifty studies every doctor should know |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019053607 (print) | LCCN 2019053608 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780190050726 (paperback) | ISBN 9780190050740 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Eye Diseases | Evidence-Based Medicine |
Clinical Trials as Topic | Case Reports
Classification: LCC RE46 (print) | LCC RE46 (ebook) |
NLM WW 140 | DDC 617.7—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019053607
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019053608
This material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for medical or other
professional advice. Treatment for the conditions described in this material is highly dependent on the
individual circumstances. And, while this material is designed to offer accurate information with respect to the
subject matter covered and to be current as of the time it was written, research and knowledge about medical
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Printed by Marquis, Canada
CONTENTS
Preface xi
1. Effectiveness of Histocompatibility Matching in High- Risk Corneal
Transplantation: Collaborative Cornea Transplant Studies (CCTS) 1
2. Topical Corticosteroids for Herpes Simplex Stromal Keratitis: The Herpetic
Eye Disease Study (HEDS) 9
3. Topical Corticosteroids for Bacterial Keratitis: The Steroids for Corneal
Ulcers Trial (SCUT) 15
4. Topical Natamycin Versus Voriconazole for Fungal Corneal Ulcer: Mycotic
Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT) 21
5. Prevalence of Age- Related Lens Opacities in a Population: The Beaver Dam
Eye Study 27
6. Risk Factors for Cataract: The Lens Opacities Case- Control Study 33
7. High- Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E and Beta Carotene for
Age- Related Cataract and Vision Loss: The Age- Related Eye Disease Study
(AREDS) 39
8. Routine Preoperative Medical Testing Before Cataract Surgery: Study of
Medical Testing for Cataract Surgery 45
9. Prophylaxis of Postoperative Endophthalmitis Following Cataract
Surgery: ESCRS Endophthalmitis Study 51
10. The Relationship Between Optic Disc Area and Open- Angle
Glaucoma: The Baltimore Eye Survey 57
vi Contents
11. Is Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty Equivalent to Topical Medication as an
Initial Treatment for Primary Open- Angle Glaucoma? The Glaucoma Laser
Trial (GLT) 61
12. Intraocular Pressure Reduction in the Treatment of Normal- Tension
Glaucoma: Collaborative Normal- Tension Glaucoma Study (CNTGS) 67
13. The Relationship Between Control of Intraocular Pressure After Surgical
Intervention for Glaucoma and Visual Field Deterioration: The Advanced
Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) 73
14. Reduction of Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma Progression: Early
Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) 79
15. Topical Ocular Hypotensive Medication to Delay or Prevent the Onset
of Primary Open- Angle Glaucoma: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment
Study (OHTS) 85
16. Intraocular Pressure Control and Long- Term Visual Field Loss in
Open- Angle Glaucoma: Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment
Study (CIGTS) 91
17. Latanoprost for Open- Angle Glaucoma: United Kingdom Glaucoma
Treatment Study (UKGTS) 97
18. Tube Shunt Surgery Versus Trabeculectomy in Eyes with Prior Ocular
Surgery and Uncontrolled Glaucoma: Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT)
Study 103
19. Pooled Data Analysis of the Ahmed Baerveldt Comparison Study and the
Ahmed Versus Baerveldt Study: Ahmed Baerveldt Comparison (ABC)
Study, Ahmed Versus Baerveldt (AVB) Study 109
20. Risk Factors for Branch and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Eye
Disease Case- Control Study 115
21. Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Macular Edema in Branch Vein
Occlusion: The Branch Vein Occlusion Study (BVOS) 121
22. Intraocular Injections of Ranibizumab in Patients with Macular Edema
Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Ranibizumab for Macular Edema
Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRAVO) Study 127
23. Grid Pattern Photocoagulation for Macular Edema in Central Vein
Occlusion: The Central Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS) 133
Contents vii
24. Steroids in the Treatment of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Standard
Care vs. Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE- CRVO)
Study 139
25. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Cryotherapy for Retinopathy
of Prematurity (CRYO- ROP) Study 145
26. Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of
Prematurity: The Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold
Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP- ROP) Trial 151
27. Early Treatment of Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity: Early
Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) Study 157
28. Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Stage 3+ Retinopathy of
Prematurity: Bevacizumab Eliminates the Angiogenic Threat of Retinopathy
of Prematurity (BEAT- ROP) Study 163
29. Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema: Early Treatment Diabetic
Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 1 169
30. Early Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy: Early Treatment Diabetic
Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 9 177
31. Does Pars Plana Vitrectomy Improve Visual Outcomes in Patients with
Complications of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Early Treatment
Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 17 185
32. Intensive Diabetes Management to Reduce the Risk of Retinopathy
Developing or Progressing: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
(DCCT) 191
33. Progression of Retinopathy and Vision Loss Related to Tight Blood
Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: UK Prospective Diabetes
Study (UKPDS) Hypertension in Diabetes Study 199
34. Immediate Vitrectomy and Intravenous Antibiotics for the Treatment of
Postoperative Bacterial Endophthalmitis: Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy
Study (EVS) 207
35. Prevalence of Age- Related Maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study 213
36. Does High- Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene,
and Zinc Slow the Progression of Age- Related Macular Degeneration and
Vision Loss? Age- Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) 219
viii Contents
37. Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Extrafoveal Neovascular
Maculopathy: Macular Photocoagulation Study 225
38. Photodynamic Therapy of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization
in Age- Related Macular Degeneration with Verteporfin: Treatment of
Age- Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy
(TAP) Study 231
39. Pegaptanib for Neovascular Age- Related Macular Degeneration: 
VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization (V.I.S.I.O.N.)
Clinical Trial 239
40. Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age- Related Macular
Degeneration: Minimally Classic/ Occult Trial of the Anti- VEGF Antibody
Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Neovascular AMD (MARINA) 245
41. Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age- Related Macular
Degeneration: Comparison of Age- Related Macular Degeneration
Treatments Trials (CATT) 251
42. Effect of Pre- Enucleation Radiation on Mortality in Large Choroidal
Melanomas: The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS)
Randomized Trial of Pre- enucleation Radiation of Large Choroidal
Melanoma 257
43. Systemic Anti- Inflammatory Therapy Versus Fluocinolone
Acetonide: Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial and
Follow- Up Study 263
44. Botulinum A Toxin Injection into Extraocular Muscles as an Alternative to
Strabismus Surgery 269
45. Botulinum A Toxin Injection as a Treatment for Blepharospasm 275
46. A Clinical Activity Score That Discriminates Between Inflammatory and
Noninflammatory Graves’ Ophthalmopathy 279
47. Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Acute Optic Neuritis: The Optic
Neuritis Treatment Trial 285
48. Atropine or Patching for Treatment of Moderate Amblyopia in
Children: Patching vs. Atropine Trial 291
Contents ix
49. Contact Lens Versus Intraocular Lens Correction of Monocular Aphakia
During Infancy: The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study 297
50. Effect of Acetazolamide on Visual Function in Patients with Idiopathic
Intracranial Hypertension and Mild Visual Loss: The Idiopathic Intracranial
Hypertension Treatment Trial 303
Index 309