5 Steps to a 5 - AP US Gov (2008-2009)

269 Pages·2009·2.08 MB·English

5
5 STEPS TOA
AP U.S. Government
and Politics
Other books in McGraw-Hill’s 5 STEPS TO A 5SERIES include:
AP Biology
AP Calculus AB/BC
AP Chemistry
AP Computer Science
AP English Language
AP English Literature
AP European History
AP Microeconomics/Macroeconomics
AP Physics B and C
AP Psychology
AP Spanish Language
AP Statistics
AP U.S. History
AP World History
11 Practice Tests for the AP Exams
Writing the AP English Essay
5
5 STEPS TOA
AP U.S. Government
and Politics
2008–2009
Pamela K. Lamb
Revised by Peggy J. Martin
M G -H
C RAW ILL
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DOI: 10.1036/0071497986
For more information about this title, click here
CONTENTS
Preface, ix
Acknowledgments, xi
About the Authors, xiii
Introduction: The Five-Step Program, xv
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program, 1
1 What You Need to Know About the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, 3
Background of the Advanced Placement Program, 3
Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP
U.S. Government and Politics Exam, 4
2 How to Plan Your Time, 9
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, 9
Calendar for Each Plan, 11
STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness, 15
3 Take a Diagnostic Exam, 17
Diagnostic Exam: U.S. Government and Politics, 21
Answers and Explanations, 31
Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 36
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success, 37
4 Section I of the Exam: How to Approach the Multiple-Choice Questions, 39
Introduction to the Multiple-Choice Section of the Exam, 39
Types of Multiple-Choice Questions, 40
Strategies for Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions, 40
Scoring the Multiple-Choice Section, 41
U.S. Government and Politics, 45
Answers and Explanations, 56
5 Section II of the Exam: How to Approach the Free-Response Essay, 63
Introduction to the Free-Response Essay, 63
Types of Free-Response Prompts, 65
Developing the Free-Response Essay, 65
Rubrics for the Free-Response Essay, 66
Final Comments—Some Helpful Hints, 66
U.S. Government and Politics, 68
Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 72
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High, 73
6 Architecture and Development of U.S. Government, 75
Principles of Government, 76
Origins of American Government, 77
The United States Constitution, 82
❮ v
vi ❯ Contents
Review Questions, 86
Answers and Explanations, 87
Rapid Review, 88
7 Federalism, 89
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism, 90
Federalism in Practice, 90
Establishing National Supremacy, 91
Federalism Today, 92
Review Questions, 94
Answers and Explanations, 96
Rapid Review, 97
8 Political Culture, 99
American Democratic Values, 99
Political Socialization, 100
Public Opinion, 100
Review Questions, 102
Answers and Explanations, 103
Rapid Review, 104
9 Political Parties, 105
Roles of Political Parties, 105
Party Systems, 106
What Do Political Parties Do?, 106
Party Identification and Membership, 106
The Two-Party Tradition in America, 107
Third or Minor Parties, 109
Structure and Organization of Political Parties, 109
Future of Political Parties, 110
Review Questions, 111
Answers and Explanations, 113
Rapid Review, 114
10 Voting and Elections, 115
Participation and Voting, 115
Types of Elections, 118
Campaign Finance, 120
Review Questions, 122
Answers and Explanations, 124
Rapid Review, 125
11 Interest Groups and the Mass Media, 127
Interest Groups, 127
Mass Media, 129
Biases in the Media, 132
Review Questions, 133
Answers and Explanations, 135
Rapid Review, 136
12 The Legislative Branch, 137
Structure of Congress, 138
Organization of Congress, 138
Election to Congress, 138
Leadership of Congress, 139
Contents ❮ vii
The Committee System, 140
Congressional Staff and Support, 141
Roles of Members of Congress, 141
Privileges of Members of Congress, 141
Powers of Congress, 141
The Lawmaking Process, 142
Legislative Tactics, 143
Influences on Congress, 143
Review Questions, 145
Answers and Explanations, 147
Rapid Review, 148
13 The Executive Branch and the Bureaucracy, 149
Constitutional Origins of the Presidency, 149
The Road to the White House, 151
The Vice Presidency, 151
Presidential Powers, 152
Limitations on Presidential Powers, 153
Presidential Character, 153
The Bureaucracy, 154
The Executive Office of the President (EOP), 155
Executive Departments, 156
Review Questions, 157
Answers and Explanations, 159
Rapid Review, 160
14 The National Judiciary, 161
The Federal Court System, 161
Structure of the Judicial System, 162
Judicial Selection, 163
The Court at Work, 164
Courts as Policymakers, 165
Judicial Philosophy, 166
Review Questions, 167
Answers and Explanations, 169
Rapid Review, 170
15 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights, 171
Civil Liberties, 171
Freedom of Religion, 172
Freedom of Speech, 173
Freedom of the Press, 174
Freedom of Assembly and Petition, 175
Property Rights, 175
Right to Privacy, 176
Rights of the Accused, 176
Civil Rights, 177
The Civil Rights Movement, 177
Other Minorities, 178
Affirmative Action, 180
Review Questions, 181
Answers and Explanations, 182
Rapid Review, 183
viii ❯ Contents
16 The Politics and Public Policymaking, 185
The Policymaking Process, 185
Domestic Policy, 186
Economic Policy, 188
Foreign and Defense Policy, 189
Review Questions, 191
Answers and Explanations, 193
Rapid Review, 194
STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence, 195
AP U.S. Government and Politics Practice Exam 1, 199
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions, 211
Answers and Explanations, 212
Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 217
AP U.S. Government and Politics Practice Exam 2, 221
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions, 231
Answers and Explanations, 232
Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 237
Appendix, 239
Web Sites Related to the Advanced Placement Exam, 241
Glossary of Terms, 242
PREFACE
Welcome to AP U.S. Government and Politics. I am, first and foremost, a teacher who has
taught advanced placement to many students who have successfully taken the AP exam. I am
also a table leader and reader—one of those crazy teachers who spends a week in the sum-
mer reading thousands of student free-response essays. With this guide I hope to share with
you what I know, including what I have learned from students and other AP teachers, to
help you be successful on the exam.
The second edition of this manual includes two diagnostic exams to allow you additional
practice of your knowledge and skills in AP U.S. Government and Politics. The multiple-
choice section of the second diagnostic exam appears in Chapter 4, while the free-response
questions appear in Chapter 5. The content of Chapter 6 through Chapter 16 is updated to
reflect acts of Congress and Supreme Court cases that affect U.S. government since the pub-
lication of the first edition. Complete answers and explanations, both to the chapter review
questions and the multiple-choice sections of the diagnostic and practice exams, are now
provided to broaden your understanding of correct responses and explain why wrong answer
choices are incorrect.
My philosophy is not to teach onlyfor the AP exam. Instead, my goal is to help students
develop skills and abilities that lead to advanced levels of aptitude in government and politics.
These are the same skills that will enable you to do well on the AP U.S. Government and
Politics exam. My aim is to remove your nervousness and to improve your comfort level with
the test. I believe that you are already motivated to succeed; otherwise, you would not have
come this far. And obviously, you would not have purchased this prep book.
Since you have taken or are already taking a government and politics class, this book is
going to supplement your course readings, writing, and analysis. I am going to give you the
opportunity to practice the skills and techniques that I know from experience really work!
I am confident that if you apply the techniques and processes presented in this book, you can
succeed.
Let’s begin.
❮ ix
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