5 Steps to a 5 - AP European History

354 Pages·2007·1.89 MB·English

by  Brautigam, Jeffrey.

5
FIVE STEPS TOA
AP European History
Other books in McGraw-Hill’s 5 STEPS TO A 5seriesinclude:
AP Biology
AP Calculus AB
AP Chemistry
AP English Language
AP English Literature
AP Microeconomics/Macroeconomics
AP Physics B and C
AP Psychology
AP Spanish Language
AP Statistics
AP U.S. Government and Politics
AP U.S. History
AP World History
11 Practice Tests for the AP Exams
Writing the AP English Essay
BIBLIOGRAPHY
5
FIVE STEPS TOA
AP European History
2008–2009
Jeffrey Brautigam
M G -H
C RAW ILL
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid
Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
❮ iii
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DOI: 10.1036/0071498087
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CONTENTS
Preface, xi
Acknowledgments, xiii
Credits, xv
About the Author, xvii
Introduction: The Five-Step Program, xix
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program, 1
1 What You Need to Know About the AP European History Exam, 3
Background Information, 3
Frequently Asked Questions about the AP European History Exam, 4
2 How to Plan Your Time, 7
Three Approaches to Preparing for AP Exams, 7
Detailed Calendar for Each Plan, 9
STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness, 13
3 Diagnostic Exercises, 15
Introduction, 15
The Multiple-Choice Questions, 15
Multiple-Choice Questions Exercise, 17
Answers and Explanations, 18
The Document-Based Question, 19
Document-Based Question Exercise, 20
Suggestions and Possible Outline of a Response to the DBQ Exercise, 21
The Thematic Essay Questions, 22
Thematic Essay Question Exercise, 23
Suggestions and Possible Outline of a Response to the
Thematic Essay Questions Exercise, 23
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success, 25
4 The Multiple-Choice Questions, 27
Introduction, 27
Passive Knowledge and the Premise, 28
Organizational Keys, 28
The Kinds of Questions, 29
About Guessing, 29
Developing a Strategy, 30
5 The Document-Based Question (DBQ), 33
Introduction, 33
The Quality History Essay, 34
Five Steps to Outlining a Short History Essay, 34
❮ v
vi ❯ Contents
Characteristics of the DBQ, 36
Applying the Principles of the Quality History Essay to the DBQ, 37
Scoring of the DBQs, 37
6 Thematic Essay Questions, 39
Introduction, 39
Characteristics of the Thematic Essay Questions, 39
Applying the Principles of the Quality History Essay to the
Thematic Essay Questions, 40
Scoring of the Thematic Essays, 41
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High, 43
Unit 1 1450 to the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era,45
7 Recovery and Expansion, 1300–1600, 47
Introduction, 48
Effects of The Hundred Years War, 48
Disappearance of the Black Death, 48
A Weakened Papacy, 48
The Revival of Monarchy, 49
The Rise of Spain, 50
Exploration and Expansion, 50
The Spanish Empire in the New World, 51
Rapid Review, 52
Chapter Review Questions, 53
Answers and Explanations, 54
8 The Renaissance, 1350–1550, 57
Introduction, 58
Renaissance Italian Society, 58
Renaissance Values, 58
Neoplatonism, 59
The Renaissance Artistic Achievement, 60
The Spread of the Renaissance, 60
Rapid Review, 62
Chapter Review Questions, 63
Answers and Explanations, 64
9 The Reformation, 1500–1600, 67
Introduction, 68
The Need for a Religious Reformation, 68
The Lutheran Revolt, 68
Creation and Spread of the Protestant Movement, 69
The English Reformation, 70
Calvin and Calvinism, 70
Social Dimensions and the Radical Reformation, 71
The Catholic Response, 71
Rapid Review, 73
Chapter Review Questions, 74
Answers and Explanations, 75
Contents ❮ vii
10 The Rise of Sovereignty, 1600–1715, 77
Introduction, 78
Economic Stress and Change, 78
Britain: The Triumph of Constitutionalism, 78
France: Absolutism, 79
Central and Eastern Europe: Compromise, 80
Russia: Tsarist Absolutism, 80
Rapid Review, 82
Chapter Review Questions, 83
Answers and Explanations, 84
11 The Scientific Revolution during the Seventeenth Century, 87
Introduction, 88
The Traditional View of the Cosmos, 88
Alternative Traditions of Knowledge before the Scientific Revolution, 88
Development of New Institutions, 89
The Rise of Copernicanism, 89
Kepler’s Laws, 90
Galileo and the Value of Empirical Knowledge, 91
Cartesian Skepticism and Deductive Reasoning, 91
Newton and Universal Gravitation, 92
Rapid Review, 93
Chapter Review Questions, 94
Answers and Explanations, 95
12 The Enlightenment: A Cultural Movement during the Eighteenth Century, 97
Introduction, 98
New Ideas about Natural Law, Human Nature, and Society, 98
New Political Ideas, 99
ThePhilosophesand Enlightened Despotism, 100
Salons and Lodges, 101
Skepticism, Religion, and Social Criticism, 101
The Radical Enlightenment, 102
The Other Enlightenment, 103
Rapid Review, 104
Chapter Review Questions, 105
Answers and Explanations, 106
13 Social Transformation and Statebuilding in the Eighteenth Century, 109
Introduction, 110
The Triangle of Trade, 110
Breaking the Traditional Cycle of Population and Productivity, 110
Market-Oriented Agriculture, 111
Rural Manufacturing, 111
Technical Innovations in Agriculture and Manufacturing, 112
Eastern Ambition, 113
War and Diplomacy, 113
Rapid Review, 115
Chapter Review Questions, 116
Answers and Explanations, 117
viii ❯ Contents
14 The French Revolution and the Rise of Napoleon, 1789–1799, 119
Introduction, 120
TheAncien Régimein Crisis, 120
The Moderate Phase of the French Revolution (1789–1791), 121
The Radical Phase of the French Revolution (1791–1794), 122
The Final Phase of the French Revolution: Thermidor and the Rise of
Napoleon (1794–1799), 125
Rapid Review, 126
Chapter Review Questions, 127
Answers and Explanations, 128
Unit 1 Summary: 1450 to the French Revolutionary
and Napoleonic Era, 131
Timeline, 131
Key Comparisons, 132
Thematic Change/Continuity, 133
Unit 2 The Napoleonic Era to the Present, 135
15 The Fall of Napoleon and the Post-Napoleonic Era, 1800–1848, 137
Introduction, 138
Post-Revolutionary France and the Napoleonic Code, 138
Napoleon’s Empire, 139
Decline and Fall of Napoleon and His Empire, 140
Restoration, 141
Revolution and Repression, 141
Rapid Review, 144
Chapter Review Questions, 145
Answers and Explanations, 146
16 The Second Industrial Revolution, 1820–1900, 149
Introduction, 150
The Factory System and the Division of Labor, 150
Iron and Steel, 150
New Sources of Power, 151
The Railway Boom, 151
The Reciprocal Nature of Heavy Industry, 152
The Spread of Industrialization, 152
Social Effects, 153
Rapid Review, 154
Chapter Review Questions, 155
Answers and Explanations, 156
17 The Rise of New Ideologies in the Nineteenth Century, 159
Introduction, 160
Conservatism, 160
Liberalism, 160
Romanticism, 161
Nationalism, 162
Anarchism, 162
Utopian Socialism, 163
Scientific Socialism and Communism, 163
Social Darwinism, 164