40322 Almanac book TC - NCVO UK Civil Society Almanac

220 Pages·2004·0.72 MB·English

40322 Almanac book All 2/2/04 11:29 Page 1
The UK Voluntary
Sector Almanac 2004
5th Edition
Karl Wilding
Graham Collins
Véronique Jochum
Susan Wainwright
NCVO Publications • London
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Published by NCVO Publications
(incorporate Bedford Square Press), imprint of the
National Council for Voluntary Organisations
Regent’s Wharf, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL
First published 1996
Second edition 1998
Third edition 2000
Fourth edition 2002
Fifth edition 2004
NCVO 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechnical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
ONS survey data is subject to Crown Copyright and should not be reproduced without the permission of
the Contract and Copyright Officer, Office for National Statistics, Zone B1/4, 1 Drummond Gate, London
SW1V 2QQ.
Typeset by:Q3 Bookwork, Loughborough
Printed and bound by:Martins the Printers, Berwick upon Tweed.
Edited by Diane Lightfoot
Designed by Phil Pestell
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0 7199 1622 4
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Contents
List of tables and figures 7
Foreword 12
Sponsor’s Foreword 13
The authors 14
Acknowledgements 15
1. Overview:the state of the sector 17
2. About the Almanac 21
2.1 The fifth edition 21
2.2 Changes to the Almanac 21
2.3 The 2001/02 benchmark survey of general charities 21
2.4 Structure of the Almanac 22
2.5 How to read tables and figures 24
2.6 Conclusion 25
3.What do we mean by the voluntary sector? 26
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 Defining criteria 26
3.3 Key definitions 28
3.4 The general charities definition 30
3.5 Conclusion 31
3.6 Resources and further reading 31
4. The operating environment 33
4.1 Introduction 33
4.2 The relationship with the Government 33
4.3 Government reviews 34
4.4 Implications for the sector 37
4.5 The policy context in Scotland 40
4.6 The policy context in Wales 41
4.7 The policy context in Northern Ireland 42
4.8 Other influential factors 43
4.9 Conclusion 46
4.10 Resources and further reading 47
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4•The UK Voluntary Sector Almanac 2004
5. Scope and structure of the voluntary sector 49
5.1 Introduction 49
5.2 General charities:total numbers 49
5.3 Geographical distribution 50
5.4 Organisational characteristics and beneficiaries 50
5.5 Conclusion 52
5.6 Resources and further reading 52
6.Income 53
6.1 Introduction 53
6.2 Total and average income 53
6.3 The distribution of total income 55
6.4 Sources and types of income 58
6.5 Voluntary sector income streams, 2000-2002 59
6.6 Sources of income, 2000/01-2001/02 62
6.7 Types of income, 2000/01-2001/02 67
6.8 Conclusion 78
6.9 Resources and further reading 79
7. Charitable giving by the general public 90
7.1 Introduction 90
7.2 Methods and problems of measurement 90
7.3 Giving trends since 1995 91
7.4 Donors and donations:who gives what? 92
7.5 Ways of giving 94
7.6 Charitable causes 94
7.7 Tax-effective giving 95
7.8 Conclusion 98
7.9 Resources and further reading 98
8. The National Lottery 101
8.1 Introduction 101
8.2 The distribution of National Lottery funds 101
8.3 The National Lottery as a source of income for the voluntary sector 102
8.4 Conclusion 105
8.5 Resources and further reading 105
9. The cost of charity tax reliefs to the Exchequer 107
9.1 Introduction 107
9.2 The value of charity tax reliefs 107
9.3 Conclusion 108
9.4 Resources and further reading 109
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The UK Voluntary Sector Almanac 2004• 5
10.The paid workforce 110
10.1 Introduction 110
10.2 Sources of data 110
10.3 Recent trends in the voluntary sector paid workforce 111
10.4 The paid workforce:LFS-based estimates 112
10.5 The paid workforce:annual report-based estimates 114
10.6 Working status and hours worked 116
10.7 Workforce diversity:ethnicity, gender and disability 119
10.8 Voluntary sector industries and occupations 120
10.9 Skills deficiencies in the voluntary sector 123
10.10 Remuneration and benefits in the voluntary sector 127
10.11 Conclusion 130
10.12 Resources and further reading 131
11.Volunteers and trustees 133
11.1 Introduction 133
11.2 Sources of data 133
11.3 Active participation in communities 133
11.4 Active participation in communities:formal volunteering 134
11.5 Trustees 136
11.6 Conclusion 137
11.7 Resources and further reading 137
12.Expenditure 139
12.1 Introduction 139
12.2 Charities’expenditure:issues of definition and classification 140
12.3 Total current expenditure 141
12.4 The distribution of current expenditure 142
12.5 Categories of current expenditure 143
12.6 Categories of current expenditure by size of organisation 146
12.7 Staff costs 148
12.8 Capital expenditure 150
12.9 Conclusion 151
12.10 Resources and further reading 152
13.Assets and liabilities 158
13.1 Introduction 158
13.2 Assets, liabilities and funds - definitions 158
13.3 Assets, liabilities and funds - an overview 159
13.4 The distribution of assets and liabilities 160
13.5 Assets 162
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6•The UK Voluntary Sector Almanac 2004
13.6 Liabilities 168
13.7 Total funds 171
13.8 Conclusion 173
13.9 Resources and further reading 173
14.The Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) voluntary sector in the UK 179
14.1 Introduction 179
14.2 Origins of the BME sector 179
14.3 The size and scope of the BME voluntary sector 181
14.4 Challenges and opportunities 184
14.5 Future trends:infrastructure needs of the BME voluntary sector 187
14.6 Conclusion 189
14.7 Resources and further reading 189
15.Outcomes and impact 193
15.1 Introduction 193
15.2 Measuring outcomes and impact 195
15.3 Conclusion 198
15.4 Resources and further reading 198
16.Preparing for the future 200
16.1 Introduction 200
16.2 The context for future research 200
16.3 Updating the 2001/02 estimates 200
16.4 Problems and issues highlighted by the Almanac research programme 201
16.5 Conclusion 202
16.6 Resources and further reading 203
Appendix 1:Methodology 204
A1.1 Introduction 204
A1.2 The 2001/02 NCVO benchmark survey of general charities 204
A1.3 Why a new benchmark survey? 204
A1.4 Survey procedures 206
A1.5 Producing sector-wide estimates 208
A1.6 Resources and further reading 209
Appendix 2:Glossary 210
Appendix 3:List of abbreviations 219
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List of tables and figures
Tables
Table 1: Definitions and criteria 28
Table 2: Definitions of the sector 29
Table 3 Registered and general charities, 2002 50
Table 4: Total income by size of organisation, 2000/01 and 2001/02 54
Table 5: Average income by size of organisation, 2000/01 and 2001/02 (£) 54
Table 6: General charities’share of income change by size of organisation,
2000/01-2001/02 (%) 54
Table 7: Typology of income types and sources 60
Table 8: Income types and sources 2001/02 (% of total) 61
Table 9: Income types and sources 2000/01 (% of total) 61
Table 10: Share of the fall in voluntary income by size of organisation,
2000/01-2001/02 69
Table 11: Earned income:strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats 72
Table 12: Trading subsidiaries’income and expenditure by size of
organisation 2001/02 74
Table 13: Voluntary income:strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats 75
Table 14: Legacy income by size of organisation, 2001/02 76
Table 15: Investment income:strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats 77
Table 16: Total income by size of organisation, 2001/02 (£million) 80
Table 17: Income sources by size of organisation, 2001/02 (£million) 81
Table 18: Income types by size of organisation, 2001/02 (£million) 81
Table 19: Total income by size of organisation, 2000/01 (£million) 82
Table 20: Income sources by size of organisation, 2000/01 (£million) 83
Table 21: Income type by size of organisation, 2000/01 (£million) 83
Table 22: Change in total income, by size of organisation, 2000/01 - 2001/02 (£million) 84
Table 23: Change in income from each source by size of organisation,
2000/01- 2001/02 (£million) 85
Table 24: Change in income from each type by size of organisation,
2000/01 - 2001/02 (£million) 85
Table 25: Total income by size of organisation, 2001/02 (%) 86
Table 26: Income sources by size of organisation, 2001/02 (%) 87
Table 27: Income types by size of organisation, 2001/02 (%) 87
Table 28: Total income by size of organisation, 2000/01 (%) 88
Table 29: Income sources by size of organisation, 2000/01 (%) 89
Table 30: Income types by size of organisation, 2000/01 (%) 89
Table 31: Average monthly donations and proportion of people who give 93
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8•The UK Voluntary Sector Almanac 2004
Table 32: Ways of giving 95
Table 33: Charitable causes’relative popularity 96
Table 34: The value of UK tax reliefs relating to charities (£million) 108
Table 35: The paid workforce:strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats 112
Table 36: Total workforce 1995-2002 (Headcounts, 000s) 112
Table 37: Total workforce, 1995-2002 (FTEs, 000s) 113
Table 38: General charities’total workforce, 2001/02 (FTEs, 000s) 114
Table 39: Proportion of general charities experiencing a change in total
workforce between 2000/01 and 2001/02, by size of organisation (%) 115
Table 40: General charities’share of total paid workforce, by size of
organisation (%) 116
Table 41: Proportion of organisations with paid employees, by size of
organisation (%) 116
Table 42: Total workforce, by employment status, 2002 (000s and %) 117
Table 43: Voluntary sector workforce, by employment status, 1995-2002 (%) 117
Table 44: Permanent and temporary working arrangements, 2002 (%) 118
Table 45: Average hours worked, including paid overtime, 2002 (hours) 118
Table 46: Employment by gender, 2002 (%) 119
Table 47: Voluntary sector workforce by SIC92 category (000s) 121
Table 48: Voluntary sector workforce by SIC92 category (%) 122
Table 49 Standard Occupational Categories, 2002 (%) 123
Table 50 Earnings and salaries growth, 2001-2003 (%) 128
Table 51: Average total annual earnings, July 2003 (£000s) 128
Table 52: Prevalence of occupational pension schemes in the voluntary sector,
by size of organisation (% of total) 129
Table 53 Types of occupational pension scheme in the voluntary sector,
by size of organisation (% of total) 130
Table 54: Organisations offering benefits in addition to statutory minimums,
by size of organisation (% of total) 130
Table 55: Participation in formal volunteering at least once in the last 12 months,
by activity and by age, gender and ethnic group of respondents 135
Table 56: Total current expenditure by size of organisation, 2000/01 and 2001/02 142
Table 57: Total current expenditure as a proportion of total income (%) 143
Table 58: Total staff costs by size of organisation, 2000/01 and 2001/02 148
Table 59: Staff costs as a proportion of total expenditure (%) 150
Table 60: Total capital expenditure by size of organisation, 2000/01 and 2001/02 151
Table 61: Breakdown of current expenditure by size of organisation, 2001/02
(£million) 153
Table 62: Breakdown of current expenditure by size of organisation, 2000/01 (£million) 154
Table 63: Change in current expenditure by size of organisation,
2000/01 – 2001/02 (£million) 155

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10•The UK Voluntary Sector Almanac 2004
Figure 10 Voluntary sector income and UK public sector expenditure accounted
for by voluntary sector, 1990-2002 (%) 66
Figure 11 Types of income, 2001/02 (%) 68
Figure 12 Change in total income by source (£billion) 69
Figure 13 Type of income by size of organisation, 2001/02 (%) 70
Figure 14 Sources of earned income (excluding trading subsidiaries) 2001/02 (%) 73
Figure 15 Sources of voluntary income (excluding legacies) 2001/02 (%) 75
Figure 16 Sources of investment income, 2001/02 78
Figure 17: Proportion giving (% population) 91
Figure 18: Average monthly donation (£) 92
Figure 19: Size of monthly donations and proportion of donors (%) 93
Figure 20: The value of tax-efficient giving (£billion) 97
Figure 21: National Lottery distributors’income by size of organisation (%) 103
Figure 22: National Lottery income by size of organisation (£million) 103
Figure 23: The voluntary sector workforce 111
Figure 24: Total voluntary sector workforce by nation, 2002 113
Figure 25: Reasons for part-time working, 2002 (%) 118
Figure 26: Average hours worked by the voluntary sector workforce, including
paid overtime, 1995-2002 119
Figure 27: Self-defined disability in the voluntary sector workforce, 2002 120
Figure 28 Change in total employment in selected categories, 1995-2002 (000s) 122
Figure 29: Reasons for recruitment difficulties in the voluntary sector 124
Figure 30: Perceptions of the voluntary sector’s attractiveness to new entrants 125
Figure 31: Future skills needs in the voluntary sector workforce 126
Figure 32: Participation in voluntary and community activities, by type of activity 134
Figure 33: SORP 2000 expenditure headings 140
Figure 34: Percentage of organisations and share of total current expenditure
by size of organisation (%) 143
Figure 35: Total current expenditure by size of organisation, 2001/02 (£billion) 144
Figure 36: Categories of total current expenditure, 2001/02 (%) 144
Figure 37: Share of total grants by recipient, 2001/02 (%) 145
Figure 38: Categories of total current expenditure by size of organisation,
2001/02 (%) 147
Figure 39: Staff costs as a proportion of total current expenditure, 2001/02 (%) 150
Figure 40: Share of total assets, liabilities, income and expenditure
by size of organisation, 2001/02 (%) 161
Figure 41: Total assets by size of organisation (£billion) 162
Figure 42: Total asset type, 2001/02 (%) 163
Figure 43: Asset type by size of organisation, 2001/02 (%) 164
Figure 44: Investment assets by type, 2001/02 (%) 165
Figure 45: Investment type (£billion) 165