4-Kovida

105 Pages·034.167 MB·Sanskrit

by  Samskrita Bharati

fcuTgr s :
PRINTED BOOK
(clause 128 of p.o. Guide, part-1)
a i r z c f t
arSST’T, C OTWt:, 3 m : PiRh'KH, °
-i - a h a . i & j j gs g a sa
m qm n ta m } m p u m qs?m m jm n m p i |
CONVENER
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ii ^ 5 ^rntfr ii
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SAMSKRIT THROUGH CORRESPONDENCE
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II 3TT ^Tt w : sF<Rt ^ %5Rf: II
May good thoughts come to us from all sides.
w i sri scf*r:
arfipF^W: I ^RfcHW Wgl, TOT 3#RP*f ^Tlfk I Slftfcr
WiTRmi WrT: 5^5 I tK^W'hlPl, TPTFFT, - ^|R4>
5TW ^ I w ftfe W t ^ 5 ?fcT 3TT?TiFI^ II
*. *fHlRdlft
?. snrurf ^ itfr: i
TTfWRPt % *T 'sfNfa II
- anw4, ^:, •T, W :, Tt,
TTtWRPf, *T:, sffafcT, sffafcT I
3FTO - 3#r^ 3TTWPf HFR: ^ ? <FC *T:
# # # # i
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^ ’‘TwfrT i ^ ^ra- =k iR ^r
mm: ffaftr i wTft w frr i ^ f$m arfa w v tt <ufr
ftftrf, ^7: JTPW: = # 3T ^ : , *T sfaft ? = ^FT ^
^TtfrT ? *K = f^ 5, T: = *T: = 3T%Pj; t *srrc[ftr i TOrfr w y^iPi ^tt fff^r
ifaT: I ^ ^ #T ^TTft' ^TTf^r W P ft ^ <=»l<Prl I ^TT:
'3WRT^, 'Jflc(Rt = 41 =H 'Mlfcl, ^T: = ¥: ■Hj.'^:, 4HPl = ('(^l:)
f^FPTHT ¥r#tth; m * f# tr i arfr 5
sfcFT I
'KtWTFf^' rfTW RiPi,hIji ^4fn1 I
WTrq^ - RiWHI: *ff a# Fff^, FTCpf ^
^TRT^TT
^TRT^T I 3W: aTTfiH: ftftrT 3# ^FT: sffafa ^ I
WK: 3p%®(t 3 ^ t ^ ^IWfPTT: M sftaR^f ^Mld^ WRt J^FTRT ^ ^5#FT, f^TT^RFT,
sfapni;! «pf sfcprq;! 4<to*iufoi 3 11 ^M^#TFT T W fTWT I '^rf^'Tl%5
^ W 5T#TH: I ^ t ^ ul' 3ft w I
fW^T jttrt:
f^W>l W ^ WrT: 5TW 5^5 I
^pt ?r w fcr f$T: 1
hft ^ <uft«u$i: ^invFF<Ri^
'K trom hwt %rrq-: 11 ^rf^r^T 1 arf^n; ^
- fa#<r, to , ^r, t, srt:, fpt, =t, Fit: ^ I dK+I^FT RMHI«frHl: f ^ : ,
fJTR^FR^ dK4>l^ W:- # ftW : 3^ 37#f<TT: II
lf«fllPl, f§fT:, 'T, 3T#tT, ^TFT, <=(<$, 'KTWTTFT, WT,
%<TT: II f^JTT^T: M=fdMi TRT I ¥: ^rlWt ^TT: I
3F^t: - =T5r: ^rq\ vs <w-. ^ farfor 1 fsrr: fpt w rft =t 3T^#T ^T^r, artWT: ^ ^ ^fnT I H^IH^ smWR^pT ^T#?T I
^cTT: t: SRjftT: ^ 3T^f#^f I flmWTFT ipfW^T
1 enRm^i: ^ *r ar^for ^ 1 ^ f^nr: ^ w rft i
WTf^T I ¥H^T: 3TFM '^1# ^ ^fqf^T I
3F^rpf: - TO = flfar:, m = ^ r :> ^
jth#tt fyn & m i 5^; i w rn m qi^fr
M Nr I fSTI": = TO-:, = FRT:, ,:r f r , =T I ^dftW:
53ft | qT^fr arnft^ I ^^FT: f^TTt I ^T:
WIT
= fan, TO, T 3#rf = ^ ^T#tT ^ I = S ^ W ,
+<|R^ TFF^ ^ a^rS^I'^ I ¥: ¥^TT: ^
f^FT: = W T :, TdWTCFT = TttWTCFf (w fa)
1 aroFTPTT fR # w^iO<^ w 1
(^FTT - M apf; ®FRf TO: 3Tfk <tat ?KRI^ 3pf: m w arw^F^r f& w m 33ft m m i w 5^ f|w ^
3F^nf ^ foFP# I)
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’TFfc^TT: R<II«IW: 3TTCft^ I frRTT^
f^T: ^5%W I <TPT l^FTT I g%: ^TRr
^ i w # f # rr i <m\-.
i sifti8Ni4w a i^ r ^ h^ I : ^ t: %srt
ssfaw lf^ a^jw *r am ft^ 1
I vs W>TFT: 3R ^tfW: I
^KT HK<fl*ft: <PT aiw?«T ‘^T <n$fr fCFT aT^fT *rMcr' ffa
?. m jRRm%: jrt% ^TRwf^n^nFW ^n^ i
^T ff^ I ^ ^FT ^ T # R M : ITFT W pft 3lj *R% I
fte ite sR w # # n
^ o q |; f^ T ftTW: 3R^ f^TpT 3TT^ I
TRf^TFT:
M«f<KM: ffo*T TT^cft I 5 'TT^ff ^ T 3 #
ftf%IT: f^f^rT: ^ 3TI^ I Hf W t §E: TTWW: W : Wf, SRPTT^ 3T%:, 5RT%, SfWlJlftill^l^lHIH/ ^TFT,
arfr <frrqfo w i ^ if^ r r : >fftT: i srw 'fterte^n^, w m -., jjth- i
3Rm f: ^ <m% I ^fiTT: ^ % ^T: 3PT ^ I ^T: |:facTT:
ar^Rpf:
# 3T W ^ I <HT W TT s)^<=l^ *3^ | <RT:
3T*T = Afterwords, = at the day break, ^iHiyfrt...
f^F#: ^N ?f: ^TFTT ^ffta l- <TTW: #FTT^
= with fragrant substance and flowers offered by the
1 W R ^t ^ # arwrf: i <r w 335
wife Sudakshina, ^WfrT...... ^TPT = with a calf tied after
w rf:” ?frr a r ^ 1 sg ^ r:- '3 r^ r ^ qi
drinking the milk, ^T = the cow of the sage, WP-R: =
3 ^JJ_{!d^l^ I 3TW: W ^IFT W : =T ^ T : I fow fcqt: ^T: ^ <f
(one) who has wealth in the form of renown, 3RRP^ arf^TT: =
1=5 W f: I 3TcT: ^ <Nfa3W f?W f f%rT^ ^n^TT: # # T
the king (the head of the people) Dilipa, ^TFT = set free
3TraTg 5TW fW ' ffcT ^RT% | ^W T f%rT^ 3TTsf^ I^ : ^
(the cow) to the forest.
# F?: JFW ^ T -i; I
3. 3T ^rw r: I Mi Wt 5?[^FTT
^f'cl'H I^ STf^T: I 3RT: Ttft%5 'ar^sF ^:' tj^- ^ sn j^ ; i w : ^ arft^; i i
ar^TT fTcFT: I ap^qw ^F T ^PTPT ^ T : ^TFT^r I 'i^ll <.MI R^ls: aii'J'Hi'H I
<# ^ T ',TT%3 'f^TT'TI^; ^ 3TT^"m<iNf^ ar^R^TTOT: I
'aT^Wf' ST^NpT: I m
arq- - w fw i
cR" aTT^PTfTPn^ f^WT I
5# ^ - - fmvm
'*5# ' W +RHI fW%rf I M fo ftw f
3 ^ ? - arf^TT: - Wffcf
fM wr w arfk I wf w ^fl^r4 w r ; 'ar^w t'
^rarq; a#rr: ? - jrhih,
#rFT : I
5T: $ m -. ? - q#PT:
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Verbs (&<nwft) - The root, the time (tense-past,
# •5^ ? - ^
present and future) and the mood (imperative) and the sense
of causal form of a verb are noted Parasmaipada,
^3^ ? - 'fhEf^^rrq; Atmanepada or Ubhayapada to which the verb belongs, is
denoted respectively by Par., Atm., and Ubh. Later, the
%T: <fkjfl^ ? ^HIllfclill^l^M I^
person and number are also mentioned.
^ r jjtK ? - snnt
eg - wfcT - par., pres., Ill per., sing.
f^r# yfft- ? - *pm (ft 7P3I0 par., pas., I per., sing.
^ Atm., pres., II per., pi.
Note
Compound (*FTTCT:) - If in a stanza compound words occur,
Word order in general was taught in the f^lT lessons. Now,
they are dissolved and their names are given. In the following
in the following lessons, are taught (word) ending, gender, case
lessons more about compounds is known.
ending and number of the words of the stanzas also.
eg. - - Dvandva compound.
F.nHing (3RT:) - The letter which comes at the end of a
Indeclinable - Indeclinables are indicated by
word is its (word’s) ending.
“Ind”. The indeclinables ending in the affix ‘'tirti' is indicated
eg.- TFT - TH+aT - 3T^TCRT: = ending in '3T'
by “Ind (affix)”.
WT - W+5TT' - = ending in ‘3TT'
eg.- ^ - Ind.
fft" - 5^+f - ^K N : = ending in - Ind (affix)
, '3TF', V indicate the particular ending of the word. In the stanza cited for word analysis is as follows -
1. Indeclinable.
Gender (&jH) * The gender of word is indicated by Mas.,
Fem. and Neu. If the word is same in all the three genders, it is 2. The word 'jHI’ ending in '3TT' fem., gen., pi.
3. The word ending in '3T' mas., nom., sing.
indicated by 'Rtltffr't'/
4. The word ‘SPTRT' ending in <aT’ neu., loc., sing.
Case ending (RtoRhi) - As we know there are seven case-
5. The word I'M I... .-H1^ I' ^ ending in ‘3TT’ fem., Acc., sing.
endings. They are indicated by Nom, Acc, Ins., Dat., Abl.,
6. The word 'FT' ending in neu., dat., sing.
Gen., Loc., and Voc.
7. The word Tfhf....^TT ending in fem., Acc., sing.
Number («FR^) - The three numbers are indicated by
8. The word ending in ‘sT, mas., nom., sing.
Sing., Du. and PI. If a word has invariable number i.e. if it is
9. The word §3, ending in t fem., acc., sing.
not declined in any other number except that, is indicated by
10. The word ’lift' ending in ‘V mas., gen., sing.
the word ^Pich*1^ in brackets (Pirn4!).
11. The verb root 3% ubh., past., 3rd per., sing.
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m m i to the verbroot TT3\ The affixes like ^FT, ^T are called
These come after the verbroot. Likewise certain
^ ^ - Dvandva Comp.
affixes come after nominal stems. They are known as Taddhita
^TTW jfrtTrrf^" 7F£RT^' W FT, <TT\ - Bahuvrihi Comp.
affixes. Thus while affixes are ordained after verbroots, the
Tffa: 5tRR5: 'ftwfrR^: - Tatpurusha Comp.
iRs.fi affixes after nominal stems.
#f#W5T ^JT WTT: FT, <TP^ - Bahuvrihi Comp.
These Taddhitas are employed in different senses. For eg.-
W: WT F: ^TTt^PT: - Bahuvrihi Comp.
= 3^FT 5^": (Son’s son). Here Taddhita affix (®T) added to
v. the nominal stem 3^ making it Tft5T: I This sense may be
conveyed by employing a sentence ^ 1*1? =
3T. n f^in i*n i:
offspring. The word is inserted to show it is a male
Observe the following sentences -
offspring. Similarly the word Nl4cfl can be put in the form of a
1. 3T^r Ff F53TPTH; 3TFl^fa I sentence as (SHc^T = Female offspring)
The son of Vasudeva (Krishna) comes to Indraprastha
The Taddhita affix is employed in various senses. But in
with Arjuna.
this lesson let us know the sPTr’TPfwfecT (The affixes which
2. 3[rcrcfa: #CPT: =T fifr: ? mean offspring of)
To whom is not Rama the son of Dasharatha lovable?
1. Adding affix 3T these words are formed -
3. <#TR: I eg. - (Son of Vasudeva)
The son of Vinatha (Garuda) is the king of birds. Similarly-
’TCTCKFT JJTFi; = <TKRTC:
4. TfPff W^WTFT I
WT: ar^r 5RT^ = W :
Gargi of Garga lineage is the wife of Yagnavalkya.
ar^f = wf^T:
5. ’TT&fr tfMWI I
jff: .JFT^ =
Uma the daughter of Parvata is the Mother of Universe.
^TfnBFTT: 3T7W
In the above sentences =( 1*^=1 is one word for “Vasudeva’s
^TFTT: SFtrT ^TT^ = 1TFf:
son” is one word for “Parvata’s daughter.” These words
2. The affix is added to some words.
are called rtQwim words.
eg. - <v!IWH *PTrT ^ !i = <1^kRT: Similarly- FrW: >
Taddhitas
FTr^fe, ^ T :> ^ r:, > 5|T#T:,
We know the affixes enjoined after the verbroot- for eg.
Tfe^T etc. are formed by adding different affixes
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This two affixes (3T, f) are used to express the c) In all the above examples (except one or two) first vowels
descendant of family or belonging to the gotra (dynasty.) of the words have undergone some change, i.e. ffe
eg.- Wt: vm m 5 ^ = (TFT:) (Here W means = Observe it.
one who belongs *5 dynasty.)
3TT.
Similarly 3JTFT (f^T:)
Observe the word
3. The affix W is added to the word of feminine gender, It is one word. Actually, it is formed of four words. 3FMT -
eg.- f^TCFTT: STWT = %Tfa:
3TFH - W - m I Such words are abimdantly found in
In the same way - W > 7TT#T:, 3T3RT > 3Trafa: Samskrit. These are “Compound words” or “Samasas.” Many
words are syntactically combined to form one word of
> TT^T:, °prfT >
samastapada.
4. The affix I is added to express the meaning “the daughter
Observe the following examples-
of’ 3^r- tpfcreq- # = TT#
1) = - Dasharatha’s son.
Like this -
2) + fa: = ^ftefa: - Black cloud.
This affix is added to express “Belonging to the gotra” 3) W + Hlu^l: = ^Hiu'Sqi: - The five Pandavas.
also.
4) - Rama and Lakshmana.
^ r- 3ft^rr?jf # = ^Tpff
5) 5^* + - A person with the book in his hand.
There are some other Taddhita affixes to give same 6) 3T + f$T = 3'‘Tf§P^ - Near the tree.
meaning (which you need not study in detail)
is a compound word. It means Dasharatha’s son
eg-* = ¥T^r: (Brother’s son)
and in a sentance in Samskrit it is stated as I The
Wg: 3^c4 (Sister’s son)
sentence is known by the name I That is the sentence
*TTrT (Son of Paternal aunt) which discribes the sense of the Compound is fW^T^T I
|ftj: STTrT = cl : (Daughter’s son) Examples -
Note 1)
a) You need not be particular about the affixes. You have to 2) W l:
know only readymade forms and their explanations. 3) WTFW: M <1
4)
b) As these affixes are not common to all words you do not
try to coin new words adding these affixes. t>) ! €■1 l ^ W *1:
6) f^TFT 1
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Pay particular attention to the compound words while *^Fn": flFT: ^ Jlf? W % I T# 5R5VH^ 3#:, $3^
reading Samskrit words. Try to dissolve them in accordance
^iR4> -t #frq^ ffir fim-. sifcr i sf%
with the meaning.
^Rfir I ^pT: TTW: HZ & ’qsfr I 3Tf^
wmi: 3T«f^f W T W ^ r I 3TFT
3#SW ‘W ffl^ ’ ffir -TFT I
jtpj; i m rnn i ^r:
%frr i ^ ’yiicfiPi ?f=si^|oi||p| |
f^rf^T: 3W Sf§ SRfihl^ I '^1% TR^r l^frfi:
W<W°H|P| I yW^TRt ^TFT I T# s t o i ywm fir
^ ^ I ^T: sfnT I % - (^Tt^TfcT) I ^RfcRTTf^ W :, ^f:, ^T^jfcT:
^TFT:, ^T:, P W :, #fr, 3TW:, frWT: 3#^: W : Hld^lPl Tf^RT: I
g-^<u|^u| arq-. ^ T r ^t^tFT: ^ : srfer I VS: ^TFT:
FWFTT I SFj/TT F^ff^T Vl'wPl “^Id+lPl”
HIi=hl^ ^T : I
^RT:- 3# ^ft ! feft# 3rra*tR^ 3TT^T ?
“TTSTCTF^” ffilT 3T#TlP«r: TORlfw
(O son of some great sage ! Why do you act opposed
fuT: arfer i wftiFj; if% ^ 3tf^f^ i
to hermitage ?)
^FRFT: ^TFT ff^T ?RT ^IWTt Tft^PT
WTRfr - ^55^ i T ^ I
wftrMI'i I
(Good Sir! He is not the son of a sage)
SPFf ^TT WrajrfT:, P P q i* ;, arf¥m H: ?RT:
TRT - 3T«r ^tsFT °<<s^l: ?
I <TW W w w f^ l srf^T 3T 3T ^ I
*T: IFSf: qft: arfaffat I W: 3rf*FFT: 'mFT:' ffa \ (FondUng the boy) Then what is his family ?)
^4^1: ^Hlf^l'W: i ^ 3I'M'<^H'|PtI I ^TR% ^fffqT: 3TftW: m4\ - 5^W: I (The family of Puru)
wfcr I 3TTf^:, Sfj^Nr:, ^iIt=i<*i: ffcT I ^iMK'l’llRRr: TF3TT - (3TWFF!) ^ W ^fT 'TFT ! (5PPRP5) * ^^TWFIW
*T: arf^FPT: fsf^Rf ^ anf^FT: I 1T1W I
JTT^FTT^W: f^T: I
3TTs>fN ^ I | WUft:
(To himself) He belongs to the same family as mine.
TCT: ^ WF^ ^cTr^rf^f I
(Aloud) But this place is inaccessible to mortals by
their own power.)
#fcFTTC%5 ^ 1W W I “^TF^” <TFT =TFT |
cT^Rt ^nT : yfoife I *T: ^TTC% STftpFWW: 3v«fFTT: ^FTf mrtft - W 1R J# I 3^T:^F^T 3FFT ^
s^rr i
I ^R K Hld'ht-H 9TW: 'wRt I :3W5RT:
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(As the good sir says. But because of her relationship Do not get alarmed. It was dropped while he was
with nymph his mother brought himforth in the pious struggling with the lion’s cub. (Desires to pick up)
grove of the father of god.)
^ ^ I am I
(aTWTcPi) sprT ! 3TT3TFH^ | (SW I^ SR-
-
(Do not take it. How he has already picked it up!)
W WWrft foWTFT KT^f: ?
*HT - foipf- W: ? (Why am I forbidden ?)
(To himself) Ah! This is the second ground of hope.
(Aloud) What is the name of the pious king who’s STW - JT^RR: I W 3TWf^T ^IPT 3Tfafo: 3TFT
wife is the lady?) ? M JTrfr^T <^JT I m w M
3tmh ^ ^5ff^r mt-. t ’jwfr i
(Listen your Mejesty. This is herb Aparajita, given at
(Who would think of speaking his name who rejected
his birthrites by the holy Maricha. They say, that in
his lawful wife.)
case it fell to the earth, no one but the parants or the
<mi - ^ ^rr Whvrtf^r!
boy himself may touch it.)
(To himself) This story realy points out at me alone.)
THT - m ’JfrfcT ? (If takes ?)
fefar (jrfar, ^U1^ w i) i
JW - Wr # ^rff I
^TTffr - (Entering, with a clay peacock in her hand)
(It becomes a snake and bites him.)
Sarvadaman! Look at the beauty of the bird.)
THT - W ^T T : Jlr^faT ?
“TM: - -Hiai ? (Where is my mother ?)
(Did you ever see it thus transformed ?)
- 3FfawT: I (Several times.)
(This child fond of his mother deceived by the
similarity to her name.) w - 3T1WRP0 I
TRT - (31WRPI) f#T 3m (with joy, to himself) Why then do I not welcome my
hope fulfilled at last.)
feffaT - p t ! ^ I fJT I
(To himself) What! His mother’s name is
Shakunthala ? But names are alike.) (Suvrata! Come let us carry the news to Shakuntala.)
siw - ¥tl?TtQ i
(Looking with alarm) Oh the amulet is not on his rist.)
tmt - i ^ ^ 3tw <rtof¥^ 1
□ □ □
(an^i^ s^Tn)
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SW : to :
jt^ tt:
1. Write five sentences in Samskrit on each of the following.
?) R) 3) V)
\) f^TT^T: I
2„ Write the prose order meaning and the summary of the
following verse.
^TTf^ ^ flwHHi # ! # [ ^ ||
3. Translate into Samskrit :-
Science is indispensable to the world. It has been
beneficial to the life. Radio, Aeroplane, Television etc. ae
contributed by the science. It does not mean that it is not
destructive. Destruction is caused by the atombombs. All
the same, man kind must make use of science with the
discretion.
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