3D Printing Vegemite and Marmite PDF
Preview 3D Printing Vegemite and Marmite
1 3D Printing Vegemite and Marmite: Redefining ‘Breadboards’ Charles Hamilton University of Wollongong Primary Supervisor: Prof. Marc in het Panhuis E-mail: [email protected] Takeaways 2 - Rheological properties of materials are critical to different aspects of FLM -These properties are (generally) highly tunable - FLM and pre-existing commercially available food products can be used in unique and creative ways – Food today can be more than just sustenance - Attractive food presentations - Edible electronics devices - Scientific outreach & learning activities Source: google search & vegemite.com.au 3D Food Printing 3 Additive manufacturing process where a material is deposited layer-by-layer onto a substrate to produce a 3-dimensional object Coined ‘Food Layered Manufacturing’ Sun et al 2015 - Useful in addressing malnutrition, dysphagia, specialized dietary requirements, and more - Numerous printable materials History of Vegemite 4 1922 – Dr. Cyril P Callister developed a food spread from brewer’s yeast for a company soon be Kraft Foods This ‘Pure Vegetable Extract’ marketed for its ‘delicious’ taste was not successful initially (Marmite was already widely established in Australia) Renamed ‘Vegemite’ during a competition and eventually gained popularity Vegemite.com.au History of Vegemite 5 -Staple during WWII and recommended by doctors to patients in the early 40s -Exponentially grew in popularity -Iconic Australian breakfast spread, full of Vitamin B and nutrients Happy Little Vegemites Commercial -22 million jars are sold every year Vegemite.com.au Printers Used 6 Pneumatic v. piston driven system, each has their advantages BioBot Custom CNC based Printer -Commercially Available Pneumatic -Zaber Linear Actuators System (Piston Driven) -Heated Jacket -Gcode written by user -Meant for bioprinting -Gcode from slicing software Biobots.io Printing at Different Viscosities 7 Viscosity changes with temperature Greatly affects integrity of printed structure Vegemite Marmite 35 How can we predict this rather than trial & error? 30 25 20 s a P 15 25°C 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Temperature (C) 45°C Rheological Properties 8 Power Law Fluid Rabinowitsch-Mooney Equation η = viscosity γ = shear rate Q = volumetric flow rate K = consistency (viscosity at γ = 1) n = power law index n = power law index (non-newtownian nature) r = radius Rheological Properties 9 How to avoid this Bingham Model Yield Stress – How much pressure is required to make the material flow like a liquid σ = shear stress σ = yield stress y Analogous to pressure needed to squeeze η = viscosity toothpaste out of a tube γ = shear rate Attractive Food Presentations 10 -Fun and festive, useful for celebratory events -Can encourage children to eat a nutritious breakfast
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