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3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER TREATMENT APPLICATIONS This page intentionally left blank Additive Manufacturing Materials and Technologies 3D Printing Technology for Water Treatment Applications SeriesEditior M Q A IAN Editedby J K P ITENDRA UMAR ANDEY UniversityofPetroleumandEnergyStudies,DepartmentofResearchandDevelopment, Dehradun,India S M UVENDU ANNA UniversityofPetroleumandEnergyStudies,SchoolofEngineering,Dehradun,India R K P AVI UMAR ATEL UniversityofPetroleumandEnergyStudies,Dehradun,India Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledge inevaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperiments describedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfulof theirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhavea professionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,or editors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasa matterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationof anymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-323-99861-1 ForinformationonallElsevierpublicationsvisitour websiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:MatthewDeans AcquisitionsEditor:DennisMcGonagle EditorialProjectManager:IsabellaC.Silva ProductionProjectManager:PrasannaKalyanaraman CoverDesigner:ChristianJ.Bilbow TypesetbyTNQTechnologies Contents Contributors ix 1. An overview of the advances in the 3D printing technology TarunMateti,ShikhaJain,L.AnandaShruthi,AninditaLaha,andGoutamThakur 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Technologyclassificationfor3Dprinting 7 1.3 Materialsfor3Dprinting 10 1.4 Applicationsof3Dprintingtechnology 13 1.5 Limitationsof3Dprinting 24 1.6 Futureandconclusions 26 References 28 2. Fabrication of microchannel for water treatment using 3D printing PrakashBobde,RaviKumarPatel,andLalitNagapurkar 2.1 General 39 2.2 3Dprintingofmicrochannel 40 2.3 Solidmodeling 40 2.4 Devicedesign 41 2.5 TMAanalyzer 51 2.6 Conclusion 52 References 52 3. Recent advances on 3D printing for wastewater treatment and process optimization using artificial intelligence and machine learning: updates and perspectives S.Tripathy,D.K.Tripathy,andS.Samantaray 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Overviewandscope 56 3.3 Principles 60 3.4 Currentapplications 62 3.5 Applicationof3Dprintingforwatertreatmentusingmembranetechnology 64 3.6 Membranematerialsandtheirfabricationmethods 65 3.7 Advancedapplicationsof3Dprintingforwastewatertreatment 66 3.8 Optimizationandsustainabilityof3Dprintingtechnologyinwastewater treatment 71 v vi Contents 3.9 Computationalintelligenttechniquesforcontrolandcostoptimizationof wastewatertreatment 71 3.10 Futureprospectsandnextgenerationapplicationsofmachinelearningfor wastewatertreatment 78 3.11 Summary 79 References 80 4. An overview of water pollutants in present scenario SanthoshNaraseeyappaKuchangi,ManoharaHalanurMruthunjayappa,and NatarajSannaKotrappanavar 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Sourceofpollutants 85 4.3 Emergingpollutants 95 4.4.Waterpurificationtechnologies 101 4.5 Conclusion 101 Acknowledgments 102 References 102 5. A brief overview on advances in water treatment process AmitKumar,LeenaV.Bora,NikitaP.Chokshi,GajendraKenil,andMansuriZaid 5.1 Introduction 107 5.2 Suspendedsolidremoval 108 5.3 Adsorption 112 5.4 Movingbedbiofilmreactor(MBBR) 114 5.5 Solardesalination 116 5.6 Advancedoxidationprocesses 118 5.7 Reverseosmosis 124 5.8 Electrodialysis 126 References 127 Furtherreading 131 6. 3D-Printed membrane for water treatment A.Manmadhachary,RoopaTulasi,andPriyankaChattoraj 6.1 Introduction 133 6.2 Waterpollutants 134 6.3 Membranesforwastewatertreatment 136 6.4 Wastewatertreatmentprocesses 137 6.5 Membranemodulesandselection 138 6.6 3Dprintingtechnology(additivemanufacturing) 139 6.7 3Dprintedmaterialsfordesalinationandmembraneseparation 141 6.8 Membraneseparation 141 6.9 Membranesforfiltration 143 6.10 Capsulesorbiocarriersforwastewater 145 6.11 Substratesforoil-waterseparation 146 vii Contents 6.12 Dyedegenerationinwatertreatment 147 6.13 Useofgrapheneaerogelsinwaterfiltration 148 6.14 Useofceramicsinwatertreatment 149 6.15 Challengesof3Dprinting 150 6.16 Theoutlookforfuture 151 6.17 Conclusions 152 References 153 Furtherreading 156 7. Application of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment and the vast vision for the future SukanchanPalit,PratikDas,andPiyaliBasak 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Thevisionofthisstudy 158 7.3 Theneedandtherationaleofthisstudy 159 7.4 Thescientificdoctrineinthefieldofnanomaterialsandengineered nanomaterialsandtheneedofsustainability 159 7.5 Whatexactlydowemeanwhenwesaynanoparticlesanddesigned nanomaterials? 160 7.6 Environmentalsustainability,scientificprogress,andabroadvision forthefuture 160 7.7 Recentscientificadvancesinenvironmentalpreservation,aswellasa visionaryroadforward 161 7.8 Recentscientificadvancesintheapplicationofnanotechnologyin waterandwastewatertreatment 166 7.9 Recentscientificadvancementsintheapplicationofenvironmental sustainabilityinhumansocietyandtheroadahead 169 7.10 3Dprinting,devicedevelopment,andwatertreatmentapplications 172 7.11 Heavymetalandarsenicgroundwaterremediation,theapplicationof nanotechnologyandthevisionaryfuture 174 7.12 Futurescientificrecommendationsandfutureflowofscientificideas 175 7.13 Conclusion,summary,andenvironmentalengineeringperspectives 176 References 177 8. 3D printed membranes for oil/water separation SreelakshmiRajeevanandSoneyC.George 8.1 Introduction 181 Acknowledgments 190 References 190 9. Use of 3D printed techniques for organic pollutants removal AshwaniKumar,SunilDutt,RajKumar,andSonika 9.1 Introduction 193 9.2 Organicpollutants:classificationandadverseeffects 196 viii Contents 9.3 Techniquestodetectorganicpollutantsandtheirremoval 200 9.4 3Dprintedtechniquesfororganicpollutantdetectionandremoval 201 9.5 Advantagesof3Dprintedtechniques 205 9.6 Futureperspectivesof3Dprintedtechniques 206 9.7 Conclusion 207 References 207 10. Resource management using 3D printing technology PritamDeyandSrimantaRay Abbreviations 213 10.1 Introduction 213 10.2 Thesignificanceof3Dprinting 215 10.3 Currentapplicationsof3Dprintinginwatertreatment 217 10.4 Currenttrendingfieldswhere3Dprintingisemployedforwater treatmentandwaterqualityanalysis 223 10.5 Summary 226 References 227 11. Sustainability of 3D printing in industry 4.0: A brief review AdityaSachdeva,RashiAgrawal,ChetanChaudhary,DarshitSiddhpuria, DeepanshuKashyapandSeimTimung 11.1 Industry4.0dpast,present,andfuture 229 11.2 3Dprinting 232 11.3 3DprintingandIndustry4.0dpotentialandfuturescope 246 11.4 Conclusions 247 References 249 Index 253 Contributors RashiAgrawal SchoolofEngineering,UniversityofPetroleumandEnergy Studies,Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India L.AnandaShruthi DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,ManipalInstituteof Technology,ManipalAcademyofHigherEducation,Manipal,Karnataka,India PiyaliBasak SchoolofBioscienceandEngineering,JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata,WestBengal,India PrakashBobde UniversityofPetroleumandEnergyStudies,Dehradun, Uttarakhand,India LeenaV.Bora SchoolEngineering,NirmaUniversity,Ahmedabad,Gujarat, India PriyankaChattoraj DepartmentofMechatronics,ICFAITech,FacultyofScience andTechnology,ICFAIFoundationforHigherEducation,Hyderabad,India ChetanChaudhary SchoolofEngineering,UniversityofPetroleumandEnergy Studies,Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India NikitaP.Chokshi DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,InstituteofTechnology, NirmaUniversity,Ahmedabad,Gujarat,India PratikDas SchoolofBioscienceandEngineering,JadavpurUniversity,Kolkata, WestBengal,India PritamDey DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,NationalInstituteof TechnologyAgartala,Agartala,Tripura,India SunilDutt DepartmentofChemistry,Govt.PostGraduateCollegeUna, HimachalPradesh,India SoneyC.George CenterforNanoscienceandTechnology,AmalJothiCollegeof Engineering,Koovappally,Kerala,India ShikhaJain DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,ManipalInstituteof Technology,ManipalAcademyofHigherEducation,Manipal,Karnataka,India DeepanshuKashyap SchoolofEngineering,UniversityofPetroleumandEnergy Studies,Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India GajendraKenil DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,InstituteofTechnology, NirmaUniversity,Ahmedabad,Gujarat,India SanthoshNaraseeyappaKuchangi SustainableMaterialsandProcessesLab, CentreforNano&MaterialSciences,JainGlobalCampus,JainUniversity, Bangalore,Karnataka,India AmitKumar DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,InstituteofTechnology, NirmaUniversity,Ahmedabad,Gujarat,India ix