3D printing projects

98 Pages·2017·20.309 MB·English

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DK LONDON DK DELHI
Senior editor Ben Morgan Assistant art editor Sean Ross Project editor Priyanka Kharbanda
US Senior editor Shannon Beatty Project art editor Shreya Anand
US Editor Karyn Gerhard Editorial team Vatsal Verma, Charvi Arora
Jacket editor Claire Gell Jacket designer Surabhi Wadhwa Art editors Heena Sharma, Revati Anand
Jacket design development manager Sophia MTT Jacket designers Suhita Dharamjit, Juhi Sheth
Producer, pre-production Andy Hilliard Jackets editorial coordinator Priyanka Sharma
Producer Nancy-Jane Maun Senior DTP designer Harish Aggarwal
Managing editor Lisa Gillespie DTP designers Vijay Kandwal, Sachin Gupta
Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones Managing jackets editor Saloni Singh
Publisher Andrew Macintyre Pre-production manager Balwant Singh
Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler Production manager Pankaj Sharma
Art director Karen Self Managing editor Kingshuk Ghoshal
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf Managing art editor Govind Mittal
Photographer Dave King
Consultant James Floyd Kelly
First American Edition, 2017
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
Copyright © 2017 Dorling Kindersley Limited
3D PRINTING CONSULTANT
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
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Dorling Kindersley would like to thank iMakr for
All rights reserved.
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and New York, iMakr is a leading provider of part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced
desktop 3D printers, scanners, and design services into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without
for 3D printing enthusiasts across the globe.
the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited
A catalog record for this book is
available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN: 978-1-4654-6476-7
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A WORLD OF IDEAS:
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CONTENTS
4 3D printers 62 Fridge magnet
6 3D modeling 68 Race car
12 Slicing 74 Troll family
14 After printing 80 Chess set
16 Fix it! 86 Castle
18 Desk caddy 94 Glossary
22 Impossible box 96 Index & Acknowledgments
26 Dinosaur stamp
30 Coat hook IMPORTANT NOTE TO PARENTS
The activities in this book may require adult help and
34 Photo frame
supervision, depending on your child’s age and ability.
Always ensure that your child uses tools that are appropriate
40 Treasure box
for their age, and offer help and supervision as necessary to
keep them safe. The publisher cannot accept any liability for
46 Phone stands
injury, loss, or damage to any property or user following
suggestions in this book.
54 Star lantern
58 Plant pot
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4 3D PRINTERS
3D PRINTERS
Electric motors move the
3D printers are tools that let you turn the ideas in
nozzle while a model is being
your head into objects you can hold in your hand. printed. 3D printers work in
Instead of printing 2D images on paper, as inkjet and all three dimensions and so
have three main motors.
laser printers do, they create solid, 3D objects. They
may look complicated, but once you understand the
basics you’ll see that 3D printers are surprisingly
simple—as well as great fun—to use.
HOW 3D PRINTERS WORK
Most 3D printers create models with plastic. The plastic
is fed into the machine as a thread, called filament, from
a large coil. An electric heater melts the plastic, and the
hot liquid flows out of a small nozzle, like ink out of a
pen. As soon as the molten plastic is deposited, it cools
and hardens. Computer-controlled motors move the
nozzle back and forth, building up layers of plastic to
create the model. Some printers only move the print
head, but others also move the print bed—the base
on which the model sits.
Nozzle
Nozzle
EXTRUDER
The most important part of a 3D printer
is the extruder (print head). This
An electronic
includes the nozzle, the heater, and a controller calculates
motor to push filament through the every movement of
the motors. Some 3D
nozzle. The nozzle "draws" with molten
printers need to be connected to
plastic, slowly creating a 3D object.
a computer but many can print
straight from a memory card.
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3D PRINTERS 5
PRINTING MATERIALS
Filament
being fed to
3D printers can create models from many
the nozzle.
different kinds of material, from plastic and
Belts on this printer
move the extruder left metal to chocolate and even living human flesh.
and right as it prints.
PLA
The most popular material
used in home printers is PLA
(polylactic acid), a biodegradable PLA frog
plastic made from corn starch.
PLA is safe to use and comes
in many different colors.
RESIN
Some professional 3D printers
use a smooth, translucent material
called a light-activated resin. Resin
printers use laser light to make
Resin
the liquid resin harden into a solid. goblin
SANDSTONE
Plastic is stored
This stone-like material is made
as a coil of
from a mineral called gypsum, which
filament (thick
thread). Motors is mixed with glue and colored inks.
feed this into It's used to print full-color 3D
the extruder.
prints of scanned objects, including
people and animals, creating
miniature, lifelike replicas. Sandstone dog
LAYER BY LAYER
Models printed in PLA grow from the bottom upward as the
The print bed is the flat surface
printer lays down layer after layer. The molten plastic emerges
the model sits on while it's being
from the nozzle as a fine thread about 0.01 in (0.2 mm) wide,
printed. The bed of this printer
can move back and forth. and hundreds of layers are needed to print large models.
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6 3D MODELING
3D MODELING
This simple pen
holder is made by
joining five hexagons.
Many people who own 3D printers only print models they’ve
downloaded, but it’s much more fun to create your own models
from scratch. This is easier than it sounds. To make a model,
you need to use a 3D modeling program. There are lots to
choose from, from complex professional CAD (computer-aided
design) programs used by engineers and architects to simple
online tools that anyone can pick up in minutes. Once you’ve
mastered the basics, you can make anything you want.
GEOMETRIC MODELING
There are two main types of 3D modeling program: geometric and
organic. The next few pages show how geometric modeling programs
work. To find out about organic modeling, turn to page 10. Geometric
programs create objects from simple geometric shapes or lines. One of
the best to use for this book is Autodesk® Tinkercad™, which runs in a Desk caddy made in a geometric
browser window and works on PCs and Macs. Others include Microsoft® modeling program
3D Builder for Windows and Autodesk® AutoCAD® for students.
WORKING WITH SHAPES
The simplest geometric modeling programs have
a menu of ready-made shapes, or “primitives,”
Cube Sphere Paraboloid Wedge Cylinder Pyramid like the ones shown here. Their names vary from
one program to another, but they all work in the
same way. Once you’ve chosen a shape, you can
change it or combine it with other shapes to
Ring Triangle Cone Hexagon Half sphere build more complex objects.
MOVING SHAPES
Before you can work with a shape, you
need to place it on the “work plane”—
a flat area that works like a table. Push down
In most programs, the work plane
has a grid to help you judge distances
in inches or millimeters. To move an
object, drag it with your mouse—it will
stay touching the work plane. You can Raise
also raise or lower objects by selecting
them in certain places with your mouse. Moving an object horizontally Moving an object vertically
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3D MODELING 7
COMBINING SHAPES
When shapes combine,
By combining shapes you can build almost the boundary line
anything. In many programs, when you push two between them vanishes.
shapes together they will remain independent,
meaning they can be moved and resized
separately. To make them into a single object,
select both at once and then choose “group.”
Once grouped, they act as a single object.
Two different shapes Combined shape
45º
ROTATING SHAPES
s
xi
When you rotate an object, it pivots around a
-
z
an imaginary line called an axis, a bit like a xis
a
-
door pivoting at its hinges. In a 3D modeling y
program, you can choose one of three axes,
called x, y, and z. The pictures below show
what happens when you rotate an object
a quarter turn around each of these axes. x-axis
An object usually rotates as though the 3D AXES ROTATION TOOL
axis runs right through its center. The x-, y-, and z-axes work In many 3D programs, a tool like a
like the axes of a graph. They protractor appears when you start
can be used to pinpoint any rotating. Use this to set the exact
object in a 3D space. angle of rotation.
90º
90º 90º
Rotating around the x-axis Rotating around the y-axis Rotating around the z-axis
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8 3D MODELING
RESIZING SHAPES
To change an object’s size, first click on it to reveal its anchor
Pull here to make
points. Then click and drag an anchor point to stretch or squash
the shape taller.
the shape in any direction. Holding shift on your keyboard while
you resize a shape will make it grow or shrink uniformly, without
stretching unevenly in one direction.
Pulling a central anchor point Pulling a corner anchor makes Holding shift while pulling an anchor
makes a shape wider or longer. the shape both wider and longer. point changes the shape uniformly.
ALIGNING SHAPES
It’s often handy to make separate shapes line up when you’re
modeling. 3D programs usually include an align tool to help you
do this. You can align shapes by their centers or by any side,
and you can do it in all three dimensions.
Click here to
align the shapes Shapes aligned on left
by their tops.
Shapes aligned by their tops
Click here to align Click the central Click here to align
the shapes by buttons to make the shapes by
their left sides. the shapes’ their right sides.
centers align.
Centers brought together
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