301 Polish Verbs PDF
Preview 301 Polish Verbs
POLISH VERBS fully conjugated in all the tenses in a new easy-to-learn format alphabetically arranged by Klara Janecki Polish verb formation with more than 1200 illustrative sentences All verbs presented in the imperfective and perfective aspects General information on verbs of motion and reflexive verbs English-Polish and Polish-English verb indexes listing nearly 2300 verbs Special Features Puzzles, Polish proverbs, and self-tests designed to improve your familiarity with and usage of Polish verbs Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. POLISH VERBS fully conjugated in all the tenses in a new easy-to-learn format, alphabetically arranged Second Edition by Klara Janecki Professor and Coordinator of Languages Confederation College of Applied Arts and Technology Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada W BARRON’S © Copyright 2000 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. Prior edition, titled 201 Polish Verbs, © Copyright 1977 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the copyright owner. All inquiries should be addressed to: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. 250 Wireless Boulevard Hauppauge, New York 11788 http://www.barronseduc.com International Standard Book Number 0-7641-1020-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 99-75494 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 CONTENTS Foreword v Abbreviations Used in the Text vii Polish Pronunciation vili English-Polish Terminology Related to the Verb x Introduction to the Polish Verb xi Polish Verb Patterns, Endings, Examples, and Formation xv Polish Reflexive Verbs xxvi Uses of Polish Verb Tenses xxviii Sequence of Polish Verb Tenses xxxviii Polish Verb Governance xl Polish Verbal Prefixes xli Polish Verbal Suffixes xlii Polish Verbs of Motion xlii Subject Pronouns and Formal Address with Polish Verbs xlvi Guide to the Use of This Book xlvii Alphabetical Listing of 301 Polish Verbs Fully Conjugated in All the Tenses 1--301 Verb Tests 303 Answers to Tests 336 Verbs Used in Proverbs 350 Verbs Used in Weather Expressions 353 Polish-English Verb Index 359 English-Polish Verb Index 385 To Marc and Audrey who try their utmost to master the Polish verbs To the memory of Dawn Acknowledgments: to Stella Zawada who offered invaluable advice over countless cups of coffee during the creative process to my son, Marc Kaipio, who patiently guided me whenever I encountered problems with the computer to Carla Hruska who helped with the technical side of the project from the verb template to the crosswords and for creating the index to Joan Coutanche for meticulously proof-reading the English part of the book to Mr. George Kokocinski for spell-checking every Polish verb and word to the helpful computing staff from the Innovation Centre at Confederation College for a score of useful tips to my daughter, Audrey Kaipio, for checking minute details in the manuscript and for walking Chico (Dawn 's dalmatian) when I was writing FOREWORD Focus. The focus of 301 Polish Verbs is on having the verb forms readily accessible for assimi- lation, practice, and review. Each 301 Polish Verbs page contains a conjugated verb, case use, and a verb list illustrated by model sentences. We know that language is part of a culture, and ex- amples provided reflect the Polish culture and make enjoyable reading. Thus, 301 Polish Verbs functions both as a verb reference for all the tenses and as an example in context. In addition, practice is provided to consolidate and challenge the learner’s ability to recognize Polish verbs. This is done in numerous quizzes that test the learner’s retention skills of the verb in various tense forms. A concise overview of the formation of the tenses provides absolute beginners with an in- valuable introduction to the Polish verb and seasoned learners with a quick review. By applying basic rules of verb construction, learners will be able to form verbs of their choice. Furthermore, cases governing all the 301 verbs provide detailed guidance to those who wish to create sentences on their own and ultimately help them learn to speak Polish. Readership. 301 Polish Verbs is intended for anyone interested in the Polish verb, whether it is an independent learner or a student, businessperson or traveler who needs to learn, perfect, re- view, or verify the basics of the Polish verb. The book will facilitate both the work of the students in learning Polish and the process of teaching the language at all levels. It will serve as a useful learning resource and supplement to a course for students of the Polish language, or a valuable reference in class for teaching verbs. Students of Polish from the elementary through the ad- vanced levels will find the methodical and comprehensive presentation of the verb forms helpful, since available textbooks provide a rather limited number of conjugated verbs and participial forms. It is also a fact that learners are unable to locate conjugated verbs in a dictionary, as the lat- ter generally lists verbs only in their infinitive forms. Therefore, 30/ Polish Verbs can stand alone as a reference tool for anyone interested in or in need of the Polish verbal system forms. Scope. 301 Polish Verbs starts by guiding you through the diacritics, vowels, consonants, conso- nant clusters, and word stress in order to help you with Polish pronunciation of the verbs, exam- ple sentences, and tests. Approximate English sound equivalents are also provided. A table of English-Polish terminology as it relates to the verb is included, followed by the in- troduction to the Polish verbal system. It contains a preamble about the verb aspect, person and number and finite verb forms, gender, and nonfinite verb forms. The verb patterns in Polish conjugations are named and presented in a table, the verb endings are illustrated in charts, examples of sample conjugations are provided, and we walk you through the step-by-step formation of the tenses. The reflexive verbs are dealt with, then the uses of the Polish verb tenses and the sequence of tenses are explained. The verb governance is illustrated. Polish verbal prefixes and suffixes are introduced and presented in tables, as are the verbs of motion. The subject pronouns are given, and the formal address forms, as they relate to verbs, are ex- plained in detail. The page arrangement of the main body of the book is shown by the Guide to the Use of This Book (page xlvii). Abbreviations used in the text are listed, and their full forms are provided. All of the above introductory material is followed by 301 most common imperfective/perfec- tive pairs of Polish verbs conjugated individually in the present, past, future, conditional, and im- perative tenses along with the forms for participles. Included with the verbs are notes on verbal governance that indicate which case is required after each conjugated verb or pair of verbs and which preposition is used in conjunction with it. A collection of related verb forms or prefixed verbs, including reflexives, and their correspond- ing English equivalents are provided in the infinitive form with each conjugated model verb page. In addition, each page features, in Polish, four examples of syntactically correct verbal usage in complete sentences for a total of 1,204, that is, 301 X 4 statements followed by equivalent Eng- V lish sentences. You’ll see for yourself how the verb functions in a sentence. Example sentences selected for the verb illustrate idiomatic language usage encountered in everyday situations. Therefore, you’ll have helpful and practical samples to draw upon in order to communicate in various situations either with Polish people or in the classroom with your professor and class- mates. Furthermore, a comprehensive group of tests, as well as word searches and crossword (verb) puzzles, is included in the book. Each test includes comprehension-type drills, questions, quizzes, and so on, designed to show you one of the main tense forms of the verb or its participial forms or the infinitive. You may want to challenge yourself and try the multipart test to see how much you have retained of the Polish verb forms that you had studied. An answer key to the tests is included for a handy, instant cross-check to verb recognition and verification. Verbs used in weather expressions and with proverbs are also included, and translations are provided. Both the literal and figurative English translations of the proverbs are supplied. A list of thousands of Polish verbs is supplied in a Polish-English and English-Polish verb index. Finally, in each case, the page reference number points to the conjugated model verb and to the listed related verb. vi ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT Adv. Part. adverbial participle (present gerund) fem. feminine I imperfective aspect ID indetermined aspect masc. masculine masc.-pers. masculine-personal P perfective aspect Past Pass. past passive (participle) pl. plural Pres. Pass. present passive (participle) Pres. Act. present active (participle) sing. singular e.g. example i.e. thatis Vil POLISH PRONUNCIATION Polish, like English, uses the Latin alphabet and adds to it a few extras of its own—etters with di- acritical marks and groups of letters to accommodate sounds peculiar to Polish. It even has nasal sounds (¢, ą) as in French. But the nicest feature of Polish is its spelling. It’s basically phonetic, one letter or cluster to one sound. Diacritics ą ę ¢ ł ń ó Ś Ź Ż Vowels a e i 0 u y 3 ¢ 0 All Polish vowels are short. Consonants b ¢cd f g h j k1l m nop qF r s t v* w x* Z and Consonant ć dz ch ł ń rz ś Ź Clusters cz dź sz Ż dż * Used in words of foreign origin Stress. All Polish words have stress. In words of two or more syllables, the stress is placed on the second last syllable in a word (e.g., dawać, pokażę, zmienia). Also, monosyllabic words com- bined with the preceding or following word keep the stress on the second-last syllable (e.g., przez niego, przeze mnie). Exception: In certain verbal forms and words of foreign origin, the stress falls on the third syl- lable from the end of the word (e.g., oglądaliśmy, jadłyście; matematyka). viil
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