3 .ALI YASSIN ALI

802 Pages·2016·3.28 MB·English

IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 14001 IN LEATHER
INDUSTRY IN ETIDOPIA: THE CASE OF ETIDOPIAN
TANNERY SHARE COMPANY
BY: GASHAWTESFAYE
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE
OF MASTER OF ART IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
JULY 2007
ADDIS ABABA
if
AD D IS Y, SCHOOL OF
I"1I1I"1I1q
""* ""'IES
IMPLEMENTAT. ON OF'ISO 14001 IN LEA
USTRY IN ETIDOPIA: THE CASE OF
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A:NNER SHARE COMPANY
ADVISOR:
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JULY 2007
ADDIS ABABA
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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH (IDR)
Title
Implementation of ISO 14001 in Leather Industry in Ethiopia: The case
of Ethiopian Tannery Share Company
BY
Gashaw Tesfaye Gebreab
DEVELOPMENT SlUDIES
APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS: SIGNATURE
Dr. Mulugct8 Fe ••h .
Institute of Dt>velopment Hesoarol:l
Dircctol
FACULTY CHAIRMAN
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ADVISOR
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Wax'
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INTERNAL EXAMINAR
AcJmowledgement
First and for most, [ am greatly indebted to my advisor, Dr. Belay Simane, for his
intellectual and constrictive advise in all phases of my research. It is through his priceless
and urul1itigated assistance that this study completed successfully.
My heart felt gratitude also goes to Ato kebede Amede, EMR of the tannery; Ato
Yetebarek Fantahun, Head of Leather Desk of MTI; Ato Mohamed Ali, EPA's Pollution
Prevention Department Head; Ato Jemeberu Bekele, AJB Quality Institute; Ato Debebe
Yilma, ECPC's Deputy Manager and Head of Environmental Service and LLPTI
Laboratory staff for helping me to have access to valuable data and information and also
sharing their view on the issue accordingly.
Similarly, my deepest indebtedness goes to Ato Yohanes Afework, Ato Neseredin Abrar,
Ato Fassil Ambaye, Ato Teshome Meresha and Fanuel Niberet for their support and
encouragements.
It is a special opportunity to express my gratitude to my family, Kassech Legesse, Sineke
Mengistu, Meaza Meresha, Ephreme Tekelu and Derege Gebere for their help interms of
prayer and support and encouragement in all respect.
Once again, my profound thanks goes to my friends who assisted me to complete this
study some way some how.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CHAPTER ONE
I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................ 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study .......................................................................................... 4
1.4 Basic Research Questions ....................................................................................... 5
1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................ 5
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study ....................................................................... 6
1.7 Organization of the Paper ....................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER TWO
2. Research Methods and Data Source ............................................................................... 7
2.1. Site Selection and Description of the Study Area .................................................. 7
2.2. Strategy for Collecting and Analyzing Evidence .................................................. 8
CHAPTER THREE
3. Related Literature Review .............................................................................................. 13
3.1 Conceptual Related Literature Review .................................................................. l3
3.2 Empirical Related Literatures Review ....................................................................2 4
CHAPTER FOUR
4. Result and Discussion ..................................................................................................... 28
4.1 Motivations and Description of the Tannery's EMS .............................................. 29
4.1.1 Opportunity and Resources ofETSC .......................................................... 29
4.1.2 Motivation of EMS of the Tannery ......................................................... 30
4.1.3 Description of the ETSC's EMS Initial Phase ......................................... 33
4.2 Design Phase of the Tannery's EMS ...................................................................... 36
4.2.1 ETSC'S Environmental Policy ...............................................................3 6
4.2.1.1 Content Analysis ....................................................................... 36
4.2.1.2 Progressive Analysis .................................................................. .38
4.4.2 Envirolm1ental Plalming Phase of the Talmery's EMS ............................ 42
4.2.2.1 Environmental Aspect Identification .......................................... .43
4.2.2.2 Legal, Other Requirements and Views ofInterested Pat1ies ..... .45
II
4.2.2.3 Significant Environmental Impact Assessment .......................... .46
4.2.2.4 Environmental Objective and Target ........................................ .48
4.2.2.5 Environmental Management Program ......................................... 50
4.2.3 Assessment of Significant Environmental Impact of the Talmery
Production Process ...................................................................................... 57
4.2.3.1 Input of the Talmery Process ....................................................... 57
4.2.3.2 The TarUlery Production Process ................................................ 59
4.3. Implementation Phase of the Tannery's EMS ....................................................... 65
4.3.1 Competences, Training and Awareness ..................................................... 65
4.3.3.1. Content Analysis ......................................................................... 65
4.3.1.2 Progressive Analysis ................................................................... 67
4.3.2 Interview Result of Competence, Training and Awareness of the
Tannery's EMS .......................................................................................... 69
4.3.3 Operational Control .................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER FIVE
5. Stakeholder Perception and Involvement in the Tarmery's EMS ................................... 75
5.1 The Nearby Community ......................................................................................... 75
5.1.1. Socio-economic Background of the Respondent ....................................... 75
5.1.2. Perception of the Nearby Community toward the Health Condition .........7 6
5.1.3 Perception of Nearby Community on Tarmery Activity and
Envirorm1ent Issue ..................................................................................... 78
5.2. Stakeholder Analysis .......................................................................................... 82
5.2.1 Stakeholder Categorization ..................................................................... 82
5.2.2. Stakeholders Influence and Support for the Implementation of
ISO 14001 in the Tarming Sector .............................................................. 84
5.2.2.1 Primary Stakeholders .................................................................. 84
5.2.2.2 Intennediary Stakeholder. ..........................................................9 1
5.2.2.3 Secondary Stakeholder. ..............................................................9 3
5.2.2.4 Summary of Stakeholders Influence and Support .................... 98
CHAPTER SIX
6. Conclusion and Recommendation ................................................................................. 10 1
6.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 10 I
6.2 Recommendations ................................................................................................... 104
References
Annex (A-F)
III
List of Tables
Page
Table 1. Environmental Aspect, Impact Objective and Target ----------------49
Table 2. Environmental Management Program of Skins Working Team---- 51
Table 3. Environmental Management Program of Hides Working Team---- 56
Table 4. Resource Usage in the Talmery------------------------------------------ 58
Table 5. The Overall Environmental Significant Impact Assessment
Matrix ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60
Table 6. Laboratory Test Result of the Tannery's Wastewater -------------- 61
IV
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1. Schematic Representation of EMS - PDCA Model ----------------- 22
Figure 2. Organizational Structure of the ETCS's EM ------------------------- 33
Figure 3. Schematic representation of pollution prevention hierarchy ------- 42
Figure 4. Schematic mapping of linkage of environmental policy and
other designing component. ------------------------------------------ 48
Figure 5 Chromium Consumption of the same Quantity Product
but Di fferent Reci pe ----------------------------------------------------- 53
Figure 6 Salt collected by hand from salted skins. --------------------------- 54
Figure 7. Symptoms of Disease Prevailed in Respondents Family Member -------76
Figure 8. Cause of contact with the tannery activity --------------------------- 78
Figure 9 Stakeholders Right to Return ----------------------------------------------- 83
Figure 10 Skills Development Training Program ofLLPTI ------------------- 94
Figure 11 Stakeholder influence and support the Implementation
of ISO 14001 in Leather sector. ------------------------------------------------99
v
Lists of Annex
Annex A Quatemaries and List of Key Informants
Arulex B Envirorunental policy ofETSC' EMS
Annex C New Skins Drying Machine (BAT)
Almex D Location Map of the Study Area
Arulex E Preparation of Nursery Site
Annex F Schematic Diagram of Tanning Process
VI
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
ADLI Agricultural Development Led Industrialization
ASTM Americans Standard Testing and Material
BAT Best Available Technology
BS British Standards
CSA Central Statistics Authority (Ethiopia)
CP Cleaner Production
DAs Development Assistant
ECPC Ethiopian Cleaner Production
ELLA Ethiopian Leather Industries Association
EMP Environmental Management Program
EMR Environmental Management Representative
EMS Environmental Management System
EPA Environmental Protection Authority (Ethiopian)
EPO Environmental Protection Office(Oromiya)
ESISO Ethiopian Standard International Organization of Standardizations
ETA Ethiopian Tanners Association
ETSC Ethiopian TannelY Share Company
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization
FDT Foreign Direct Investment
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FNG Federal N egari t Gazeta
HACCP Hazard Avoidance and Critical Control Point
ISO International Organization of Standardizations
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
LLPTI Leather and Leather Product Technology Institute
ME Ministry of Education (Ethiopian)
MH Ministry of Health(Ethiopian)
MI Ministry of Infornlation (Ethiopian)
MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry(Ethiopian)
NBE National Bank Of Ethiopia
P2 Prevention of Pollution
PAs Peasant Association
PCP Pentachlorophenol
PDCA Plan-Do-Cheek-Act
QMS Quality Management System
QSAE Quality and Standard Authority of Ethiopia
SAGE Strategic Advisory Group on Environment
TC Technical Committee
UNCTAD United Nation Conference on Trade and Development
UNIDO United Nation Industrial Development Organization
VA Voluntary Agreement
WB World Bank
WT Working Team
VII