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Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials Zeba Khanam Neelam Gogoi Divesh Narayan Srivastava Editors 2D Nanomaterials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials SeriesEditor VijayKumarThakur,SchoolofAerospace,TransportandManufacturing, CranfieldUniversity,Cranfield,UK Materialsareanindispensablepartofhumancivilizationsincetheinceptionoflife onearth.Withthepassageoftime,innumerablenewmaterialshavebeenexplored aswellasdevelopedandthesearchfornewinnovativematerialscontinuesbriskly. Keeping in mind the immense perspectives of various classes of materials, this seriesaimsatprovidingacomprehensivecollectionofworksacrossthebreadthof materials research at cutting-edge interface of materials science with physics, chemistry,biologyandengineering. This series covers a galaxy of materials ranging from natural materials to nanomaterials. Some of the topics include but not limited to: biological materials, biomimeticmaterials,ceramics,composites,coatings,functionalmaterials,glasses, inorganic materials, inorganic-organic hybrids, metals, membranes, magnetic materials, manufacturing of materials, nanomaterials, organic materials and pigments to name a few. The series provides most timely and comprehensive informationonadvancedsynthesis,processing,characterization,manufacturingand applicationsinabroadrangeofinterdisciplinaryfieldsinscience,engineeringand technology. This series accepts both authored and edited works, including textbooks, monographs,referenceworks,andprofessionalbooks.Thebooksinthisserieswill provideadeepinsightintothestate-of-artofMaterialsHorizonsandservestudents, academic, government and industrial scientists involved in all aspects of materials research. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/16122 · · Zeba Khanam Neelam Gogoi Divesh Narayan Srivastava Editors 2D Nanomaterials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Editors ZebaKhanam NeelamGogoi SchoolofMaterialsScience SchoolofLifeandEnvironmentalSciences andEngineering, SchoolofChemistry HarbinInstituteofTechnology UniversityofSydney Shenzhen,Guangdong,China Sydney,NSW,Australia DiveshNarayanSrivastava AnalyticalandEnvironmentalScience DivisionandCIF CSIR-CentralSaltandMarineChemicals ResearchInstitute Bhavnagar,Gujarat,India ISSN2524-5384 ISSN2524-5392 (electronic) MaterialsHorizons:FromNaturetoNanomaterials ISBN978-981-16-8537-8 ISBN978-981-16-8538-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8538-5 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are attracting tremendous research interest ever since the advent of graphene hit the headlines. Inspired by the astonishing physical,optical,andelectronicpropertiesofgraphene,otherthin-layered2Dnano- materials have been discovered. These include transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs),transition metal oxides (TMOs),transitionmetal halides (TMHs),transi- tionmetalcarbides/carbonitrides/nitrides(MXenes),elemental2Danalogs(silicene, germanene, phosphorene, tellurene, etc.), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), 2D metal–organic frameworks (MOF), covalent organic frameworks (COF), 2D polypeptoid,2Dmetallenes,andmanymore.Interestingly,thelibraryof2Dnanoma- terialsexpandingenormouslyhasfeaturedmorethan150exoticmemberssofar.The advancementin2Dnanomaterialshasshownverysignificantcontributionstoward asustainablefuture.Thishasdrivenustomanifestthedynamicapplicationsof2D nanomaterialsinenergystorage/conversionandenvironmentalremediation. Thisbook2DNanomaterialsforEnergyandEnvironmentalSustainabilityaims to shift the paradigm from fundamental studies on 2D nanomaterials to more application-orientedstudies.Withacollectionof12chapterswrittenby38experts inthefield,itcoversthewidespectrumof2Dnanomaterialsinthefieldofenergy andenvironment.Itbringstogetherrecentbreakthroughsandoverpoweringinnova- tions of 2D nanomaterials engaged in an extended range of fields, such as energy storage/conversion,photocatalyticdegradationandadsorptionofpollutants,desali- nation and membrane filtration, detection and sensing, drug delivery, and nano- encapsulatedfertilizers.Thisbookisaimedtohighlightabalancedapproachtoward 2Dnanomaterialsbypresentingacomprehensiveaccountofpotentialadvantagesand associatedrisks/shortcomings.Theauthorshaveprovidedaninformativeoutlookfor thefutureprospectsof2Dnanomaterialstoofferawayforward. Chapter 1 introduces the latest trends on top-down and bottom-up synthesis approachesandpropertiesfollowedbychapterscoveringcriticalstatusandprogress inenergyandenvironmentalapplications.Chapters2and3brieflyoutlinetherecent advancements of 2D nanomaterials in energy conversion and storage devices with substantial emphasis centered on solar cells, water splitting, piezo-thermoelectric devicesandsupercapacitorsfabrication,alongwithpropertiesandtheirmechanism v vi Preface studies.Movingtowardenvironmentalapplications,Chap.4discussesthestate-of- the art advances in 2D nanomaterials-based photocatalytic systems for degrading organic dyes and antibiotics. Further, the 2D nanomaterials-based adsorbents are sequentiallypresentedinChap.5,highlightingrecentdevelopmentsintheadsorp- tionoforganicdyepollutants,heavymetalions,andtoxicgases.Then,varioustypes offunctionalmembrane-basedwatertreatmenttechnologiesincludingdesalination and membrane filtration are presented in Chap. 6. We then expand our discussion onthe2Dnanomaterials-relateddetectionoftoxicgases,waterpollutants,andother biologicalcontaminantsinenvironmentinChaps.7and8.Eachchapterhascovered thekeyaspects,viz.,preparationmethods,analyticaltechniquesfollowedbymech- anisticstudiesrelevanttocurbenvironmentalissues.Additionally,anoverviewon drug delivery applications is presented mainly focusing on the newly emerged 2D mesoporoussilicananomaterialinChap.9.Seeingthecurrentagriculturescenario, wealsoincludedChap.10on2Dnanomaterials-basedagro-formulationsasnano- fertilizersandnano-pesticidesfornutrientdelivery,pestdetection,droughtresistance, etc.Inspiteoflargelyproventrackrecord,biological/ecologicalriskassessmentof 2D nanomaterials is another important issue that should be taken into considera- tion.Hence,weprovidedChap.11toshedsomelightonthefateandtoxicityrisks of 2D nanomaterials on the environment and human health. This book ends with Chap.12addressingtheunresolvedchallengesandpromisingfutureresearchdirec- tionsof2Dnanomaterialsinthefieldofenergyandenvironment.Thischapteralso coversaspecialsectiononthelatestpatentedresearch/productsorpotentialnanode- vices/gadgets/appliancesthatcouldmakewaytothemarket.Itconcludesthatmassive effortsarestillneededtogainthecommercialsuccessoftheseexcitingmaterials. Thisbookisatimelycontributiontoaresearchareaofeminentsignificance.It overviews the current scenarios of targeted applications and provides an impetus toward the fast development of this highly interdisciplinary research field that involvesmaterialscience,chemistry,physics,environmentalscience,lifesciences, andmanyothers.Theeditorsandcontributingauthorsbelievethatthisbookwillbe beneficialforresearchersfromdiversifiedfieldstorecognizetheemergingtrendsand to identify persistent knowledge gaps on 2D nanomaterials for sustainable energy andenvironment. Shenzhen,China ZebaKhanam Sydney,Australia NeelamGogoi Bhavnagar,India DiveshNarayanSrivastava Contents 1 AnIntroductiontotheWonder2DNanomaterials:Synthetic ApproachesandFundamentalProperties ........................ 1 AmitK.RanaandAmreenA.Hussain 2 Emerging2DNanomaterialCompositesforEfficientEnergy Conversion: Insight into the Evolutionary Perspective ofDevices .................................................... 25 AmreenA.HussainandAmitK.Rana 3 Next-Generation2DNanomaterialCompositesElectrodes forElectrochemicalEnergyStorage ............................. 47 HarishMudila,ParteekPrasher,AnilKumar,M.G.H.Zaidi, MousameeSharma,andAmitVerma 4 Novel 2D Nanomaterial Composites Photocatalysts: ApplicationinDegradationofWaterContaminants .............. 75 MohdSaquibTanweerandMasoodAlam 5 Advanced 2D Nanomaterial Composites: Applications inAdsorptionofWaterPollutantsandToxicGases ............... 97 MohdSaquibTanweer,HarshvardhanChauhan,andMasoodAlam 6 Progress in 2D Nanomaterial Composites Membranes forWaterPurificationandDesalination ......................... 125 SavanK.RajandVaibhavKulshrestha 7 Advancements in 2D Nanomaterial Composites-Based ElectrochemicalSensorsforEnvironmentalContaminants ........ 149 ZebaKhanam, SameerAhmad, MohdSaquibTanweer, WeqarAhmadSiddiqi,andMasoodAlam vii viii Contents 8 Trending 2D Nanomaterial Composites in Detection andSensingofBiologicalContaminants ......................... 173 JayantaSarmahBoruah, SristiMajumdar, AnkitaDeb, JahnabiGogoi,andDevasishChowdhury 9 NewlyEmerged2DMesoporousSilicaNanoparticles:Role inTarget-SettingBiomedicines ................................. 197 PrateekSrivastava,SumitKumarHira,andParthaPratimManna 10 Futuristic2DNanomaterialCompositesAgro-Formulations forSustainableAgriculture .................................... 223 PoonamGogoiKonwar 11 Fate of 2D Nanomaterials and Their Toxic Effects ontheEnvironmentandHumanHealth ......................... 243 AchyutKonwar,JayantaSarmahBoruah,KabyashreePhukan, andSazzadurRahman 12 Prospective on 2D Nanomaterials for Energy and Environment: Challenges, Commercial Aspect, andtheFutureResearchEndeavor ............................. 267 ZebaKhanam,NeelamGogoi,andDiveshNarayanSrivastava About the Editors Dr. Zeba Khanam is currently working as a postdoctoral researcher at School of MaterialsScienceandEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Shenzhen,China. She obtained her Ph.D. in Environmental sciences from G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. Her research work encompasses a broad spectrum of energy and environmental applications including electrochem- ical energy storage materials, flexible electrodes, polymer electrolytes, anticorro- sivecoatings,electrochemicalsensing,andwaterqualityassessment.Sheauthored 11 scientific articles published in leading international journals, 5 popular articles in national magazines and 5 book chapters. She has presented her work at numerous national/international conferences including the most prestigious RSC FD-173 event. She is a recipient of national/international fellowships and recently receivedNESAJuniorScientist-2020awardfromNationalEnvironmentalScience Academy(NESA),India.SheisservingasarefereeforreputedjournalsofSpringer, Elsevier,Wiley,andT&F,andholdsthemembershipofscientificsocietiesnamely, RSC-London,NESA-India,andISCA-India. Dr.NeelamGogoiisapostdoctoralresearchassociateatSchoolofLifeandEnvi- ronmental Sciences and a research affiliate at School of Chemistry, University of Sydney.Beforethat,sheworkedatChineseAcademyofSciences.Sheobtainedher Ph.D. in Chemistry from University of Gauhati, India. Her research areas include geneticnano-engineeringinplants,polymerchemistry,andcarbonnanomaterialsfor sensors,drugdelivery,andgenedeliverysystems.Shepublished14researcharticles inAmericanChemicalSociety,RoyalSocietyofChemistry,andElsevieralongwith 2chapters.ShereceivedNaturetravelgranttopresentatGRC,Massachusetts.DST, GovernmentofIndia,sponsoredherworktopresentatRoyalSocietyofChemistry, London. She is a recipient of RSC Nanoscale Best Poster Award, Dr. Shanti Nath GhoshMemorialAwardforBestOralTalk,andmanymore.Dr.Neelamiscurrently intheeditorialboardofJENR,MedwinPublishers. Dr.DiveshNarayanSrivastavacurrentlyholdsthepositionoftheseniorprincipal scientistatCSIR-CSMCRI,India,andaprofessor,AcSIR.HegraduatedfromBHU, ix