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26 Manuals 3835, Field Branch Artillery Ammunition PDF

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Preview 26 Manuals 3835, Field Branch Artillery Ammunition

War Office Code RESTRICTED No. 11257 The information given in this document is not to be communicated, either dir­ ectly or indirectly, to the Press or to any 26 person not authorized to receive it. Manuals 3835 Ibio-bb- o r t-Y liJ User Handbook t for FIELD BRANCH ARTILLERY AMMUNITION Land Service 1958 i THE WAR OFFICE R.A. 1. January, 1958. ffTO ? e ^ c rv ( War Office Code RESTRICTED No. 11257 The information given in this document is not to be communicated, either dir­ ectly or indirectly, to the Press or to any 26 person not authorized to receive it. Manuals 3835 User Handbook for FIELD BRANCH ARTILLERY AMMUNITION Land Service 1958 THE WAR OFFICE R.A. 1. January, 1958. - i i - Record of Amendments Amendment By whom Date of Date A.C.I. Serial No. amended Insertion i.. CONTENTS Page List of illustrations .......................................................................................................................... xii Chapter i Introduction Section i. General Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Objects 1 Arrangements 1 Section 2. Definitions associated with Equipments Guns, howitzers and mortars ...........*. ............. ................................................................... 1 Classification ................................................................................................................................... 2 Means of firing ................................................................................................................................... 2 Means of initiation .......................................................................................................................... 3 Safely devices ................................................. 3 Section 3. Field Branch Artillery Equipments Loading ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Section 4. The Round of Ammunition Future designation and marking .......................................................................................................... 3 Components ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Cartridge ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Section 5. Categories of Ammunition General ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 Explosives Section 1. Introduction Classification of explosives ........................................................................................................ 7 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Uses ................................................................................................................ 10 —iv — Section 2. Propellants Page General............ .................................................................... ..................... ................................ 10 Historical ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Burning of a propellant ...................................................................................................................... 10 Properties of the ideal propellant ......................................................................................./ • • • 11 Composition ................................................................................................................................... • • • 12 Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Plash and Smoke ....................................................................................................................... ••• 14 Properties of the commoner propellants ........................................................................................... 15 Nomenclature ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Multiplicity of propellant ...................................................................................................................... 18 Section 3. High Explosives Definition ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Compositions ................................................................................................................................... 20 Categories ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Bursting charges - i.e. shell fillings ...................................................................................... 21 Constituents ................................................................................................................................... 21 Code for H.E. fillings 21 Initiators (disruptive) ................................................................................................................. 21 Constituents ................................................................................................................................... 22 Intermediates ................................................................................................................................... 22 T.N.T. ............. *......................................................................................................................... 23 Constituents........................................................................................................ 23 Section 4. Miscellaneous Compositions General...................................................................................................................................................... 23 Initiating agents (igniferous) ........................................................................................................ 24 Smoke producing substances ................................................................................................................. 21+ Flare producing substances .................................................................................................................. 26 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 26 Chapter 3 Cartridges Section 1. Introduction Classification and comparison ........................................................................................................ 27 Comparison of Q.F. (separate loading) and B.L. cartridge systems ........................................ 27 Cartridge case ................................................................................................................................... 27 Cartridge bag ................................................................................................................................... 28 Propellant charge................................................................................................................................... 28 Charge - types ................................................................................................................................... 30 Propellant proof and charge adjustment ......................................... 30 Section 2. Q.F. Cartridges General...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Sub-division of cartridges ........................................................... 31 Design of cartridges .......................................................................................................................... 31 — V Page Section 3. Types of Q.F. (Separate loading) Cartridges used in Field Branch Artillery Equipments Q.F. 25 pr. gun................................................................................................................................... 32 Normal charges .......................................................................................................................... ... 32 Super charges ................................................................................................................................... 32 Increment charges .......................................................................................................................... 34 Issue and preparation ................................................................................................................. 34 Section 4. B.L. Cartridges General ............................................................................................................................................ 33 Sub-division of cartridges ....................................................................................................... 35 Materials ............................................................................................................................................ 35 Diameter and length .................................................................... ............. ... ... ............. 35 Design of B.L. howitzer and gur^/howitzer cartridges ........................................................... 36 Arrangement of howitzer and gurj/howitzer cartridges ........................................................... 36 Section 5. Types used in Field Branch Artillery Equipments B.L. 4.5 in.gun................................................................................................................................. 37 B.L. 3*5 in.gun.................................................................................................................................. 37 B.L. 7*2 in.howitzer......................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 4 Means of Ignition Section 1. Introduction Ignition of the propellant charge ............................................................................................... 41 Section 2. Primers General ............................................................................................................................................ 41 Percussion - description ... 41 Action ............................................................................................................................................ 43 Section 3. Tubes General ............................................................................................................................................. 43 Percussion, S.A. cartridge ....................................................................................................... 43 Action .................... 43 Section 4. Igniters General ............................................................................................................................................ 4^ — vi— Chapter 5 Projectiles Section 1 Introduction Page General................................................................................................................................ 45 Component details......................................................................................................................................... 46 Projectiles - definitions ....................................................................................................................... 48 Section 2 The Shell General............. .................................................................... ................................................. ••• 50 High explosive shell .......................................................................................................................... 50 Shell H.E. Nosed fuzed ................................................................................................................ 50 Shell, H.E. base fuzed 52 Carrier, shell ... .......................................................................................................................... 52 Shell, smoke, B.E. .......................................................................................................................... 52 Containers, smoke .......................................................................................................................... 54 Shell plugs in coloured smoke containers ...................................................................................... 54 Shell, flare ................................................................................................................................ 54 Shell, incendiary, B.E. ................................................................................................................... 54 Shell, chemical, B.E................................................................................................................................ 54 Shell, star, B.E. 54 Practice projectiles .......................................................................................................................... 55 Section 3 Shot General...................................................................................................................................................... 55 Armour piercing ................................................................................................................................... 55 Armour piercing capped 55 Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 56 Proof ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 Paper ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 6 Fuzes Section i. Principles etc. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 57 Forces ..................................................................................................................................................... 57 Mechanical devices .......................................................................................................................... 58 Other fuze components ......................................................................................................................... 64 Section 2. Types Time fuzes ............................................................................................................................................. 66 Time and percussion fuzes ................................................................................................................. 67 Percussion fuzes ..................... 67 Base fuzes ............................................................................................................................................. 67 Proximity or variable time (V.T.) fuzes ........................................................................................ 67 —vii— Section 3. Fuzing Procedure Page General............................................................................................................................................ 68 Examination of fuzes ................................................................................................................... 68 Nature of shell normally issued fuzed or plugged ................................................. 70 Instructions for fuzing ........................................................................................................... 70 Preparation for firing ...............................................................................................................73 Prepare shell for return to vehicle ............................................................. 74 Section 4. Care, Preservation, faulty Ammunition and Prematures Care of fuzes ........................................................................................................................... 74 Preservation................................................................................................................................... 73 Faulty anniunition ................................................................................................................... 75 Prematures ....................................................................................................................-. ... 76 Defective fuzes ................................................................................................................. ... 76 Unserviceable fuzes .............................................................................................................. 76 Chapter 7 Tracers and Tracer - and - Igniters Section 1. General Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 77 Classification ...................................................................................................................... 77 Section 2. Tracers, Shell Description ...................................................................................................................... 77 Action ............................................................................................................. .................... 79 Section 3. Tracer-and-Igniters, Shell Description .............................................................................................................................. 79 Action ............................ ..................................................... ............................................. 80 Section 4. Integral Tracers Description .............................................................................................................................. 80 Chapter 8 Cartridges, Blank and Paper Shot Section 1. Introduction General....................................................................................................................................... 01 —viii— Section 2. Types authorised for Field Branch Artillery Equipments Page Cartridge, blank................................................................................................................................... Precautions to be observed when firing blank ammunition ........................................................... 82 Cartridge, paper shot .................................................................................................................. 82 Chapter 9 Drill Ammunition Section 1. Introduction General ............................................................................................................................................. 83 Section 2. Components Drill cartridges................................................................................................................ 83 Drill projectiles ........................................................... ... .................................................. 86 Drill fuzes............................................................................................................................................. 87 Drill primers .................................................................................................................................... 87 Drill tubes - S.A. percussion .......................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 10 4.2 inch Mortar Ammunition Section 1. Introduction Equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 89 Ammunition .................................................................................................................................... ... 89 Waterproofing and rustproofing ........................................................................................................ 90 Clips safety pin special ................................................................................................................. 90 Cover, tail, M.L. 4.2 in. mortar ............................................................................................... 90 Spring, retaining cartridge augmenting ...................................................................................... 90 .Means of ignition ........................................................................................................................... 90 Section 2. Bombs Bombs, S.B. M.L. H.E. streamline ............................................................................................... 91 Practice bombs ............. ................................................................................................................. 92 Section 3. Propellant Charges Primary cartridges ........................................................................................................ ... ... 92 Augmenting cartridges....................................................................................................... ............. 94 Drill cartridges (primary and augmenting)...................................................................................... 94

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i i -. Record of Amendments. Amendment. Serial No. Date. A.C.I.. By whom amended. Date of. Insertion A sound knowledge of the explosives used in Field Branch Artillery ammunition is essential to a sub-batched and therefore the absence of any sub-batch letter need cause no comment.
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