25th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference Hyderabad, India

646 Pages·2015·11.87 MB·English

Citation: Proceedings, Volume III (Poster Papers). 25th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference,
Hyderabad, India. Indian Society of Weed Science, Jabalpur, 615 p.

Editors
Dr. S.V.R. Shetty (Chairman)
Dr. T.V.R. Prasad (Convener)
Dr. C. Chinnusamy
Dr. M.T. Sanjay
Dr. Shobha Sondhia
Dr. Sushil Kumar

Cover page: Major weed species in the Asian-Pacific region (in sequence): Cyperus, Ageratum, Parthenium
(croplands), Chromolaena, Mimosa, Saccharum (non-croplands), and Striga, Orobanche, Cuscuta (parasitic)
(Designed by: Mr. V.K.S. Meshram and Mr. Sandeep Dhagat, ICAR-DWR, Jabalpur, India)

Further information:

Indian Society of Weed Science
ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research
Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Website: www.isws.org.in
Email: [email protected]
Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone]
Proceedings
Volume III (Poster Papers)

25th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference
Hyderabad, India

Organized by
Indian Society of Weed Science

In collaboration with
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Directorate of Weed Research
PJT State Agricultural University
PREFACE
Weeds are a major biotic constraint in agricultural production systems worldwide. Besides reducing crop
yield and quality, these unwanted plants adversely affect biodiversity, animal health and environmental
security. In fact the problem of weeds is as old as the agriculture itself as almost all crop plants have been
domesticated from their wild relatives only. Despite the development of weed management technologies, the
weed related problems have been virtually increasing. This is due to adoption of so-called modern cultivation
methods which also promote the growth of weeds. The threats posed by climate change, globalization,
herbicide resistance development in weeds and commercialization of herbicide-tolerant crops are bound to
accentuate the problem.
Realizing the growing weed infestations in the cropped and non-cropped lands, agricultural scientists
of the world have been undertaking research and sharing their findings at various platforms. One such
initiative was taken way back in 1967 when weed scientists of 22 countries of the Asian-Pacific region met
at the Hawaiian Island of Kauai to establish linkages and discuss what should be done in weed science in
this part of the world. This meeting led to the birth of the Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society, and since
then, the Society has grown and developed into a major regional and international weed science society.
Over the years, the discipline of weed science has also developed in many countries of the region
and professional societies dealing with the subject have been established for mutual exchange and sharing
of knowledge. Besides organizing various activities including conferences and symposia at the national level,
these professional societies have also been providing a platform for sharing of international experiences on
emerging issues in weed science. The APWSS has been providing a major platform for these regional weed
science societies for organizing the APWSS Conferences every two years. These Conferences have been
organized in different countries of the Asian-Pacific region like Philippines (1969, 1983, 2003), Malaysia
(1971, 1997), New Zealand (1973), Japan (1975, 1995), Indonesia (1977, 1991, 2013), Australia (1979,
1993, 2011), India (1981), Thailand (1985, 1999), Taiwan (1987), Korea (1989), China (2001, Vietnam
(2005), Sri Lanka (2007) and Pakistan (2010) by the respective weed science societies. It is matter of great
honour for the weed scientists of India to organize the 25th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference
after a gap of 34 years since the 8th APWSS Conference was held at Bengaluru in 1981.
On the special occasion of the Silver Jubilee of the APWSS Conferences being organized at
Hyderabad, India during 13-16 October, 2015, a series of publications were brought out on the status of weed
science research in the Asian-Pacific region. This compilation is based on the contributory articles presented
in the poster sessions of the Conference. A shortened version of each article is presented as an Extended
Summary highlighting the salient achievements made by the authors. A total of 627 articles are included in
this Volume under 19 different themes. The members of the publication committee (Dr. B.S. Chauhan,
Australia; Dr. M.D. Reddy, Hyderabad; Dr. J.S. Mishra, Patna; Dr. G.N. Dhanapal, Bengaluru; Dr. Gita
Kulshreshtha, New Delhi; Dr. C.T. Abraham, Thrissur; Dr. Sushil Kumar, Jabalpur; Dr. Shobha Sondhia,
Jabalpur; Dr. K.A. Gopinath, Hyderabad; Dr. T.K. Das, New Delhi; Dr. C. Chinnusamy, Coimbatore; Dr.
A.N. Rao, Hyderabad; Dr. M.B.B. Prasad Babu, Hyderabad; Dr. M.T. Sanjay, Bengaluru; Dr. Prashant
Bodake, Nasik) and Convener, Dr. TVR Prasad under the Chairmanship of Dr. S.V.R. Shetty have
undertaken the voluminous task of compiling, editing and presenting these articles in a systematic manner.
It is hoped that this volume will be useful to scientists, teachers, students, administrators and policy makers
who are concerned with weed management in respective countries.
The financial assistance received from Research and Development Fund of National Bank for
Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) towards this publication is gratefully acknowledged.

13 October, 2015
Dr. N.T. Yaduraju
President, APWSS

Dr. A.R. Sharma
Organizing Secretary
ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS
Publication Committee of the 25th APWSS Conference is pleased to present the Volume-III of e-Proceedings
(poster papers) containing the general papers submitted by the weed science community for presentation in
the Conference. For some of the members of the Publications Committee this is the second opportunity to
participate in the editing of the papers received, the first being about 34 years ago when the 8th APWSS
Conference was held at Bangalore, India. The Committee received a large number of papers covering a wide
range of themes from 14 countries. The papers were reviewed by the members of the committee and others
invited for both technical content and editorial quality. Additionally, the editors were requested to grade the
papers for their quality so that priority could be given for higher quality papers for oral presentations. Given
the large number of papers received and the short time period available, most of the reviewers completed the
process of editing meticulously and on time. Some of the senior editors worked tirelessly always willing to
take extra load and volunteering to complete the process of editing in a very short time period.
The Publication Committee noted that though the papers, in general, covered the main theme of the
Conference well, the number of papers on weed control in individual field crops far outnumber than those
on other sub-themes. Further, papers on chemical weed control / herbicides are many but very few papers
focused on other control measures and habitat management approaches in integrated cropping/farming
systems. The papers on other relevant sub-themes, such as economics, ecology, weed utilization, weed
science education, participatory research are also minimal. It is hoped that some of these neglect areas / gaps
would be addressed adequately during the Symposia and lead/plenary paper presentations. It was noted that
large number of papers clearly highlighted the role of weed science in contributing to agricultural
productivity. However, only a few papers focusing on other developmental challenges as biodiversity
conservation, environmental degradation and climate change were received indicating that weed science
addressing these global challenges is yet to be intensified in the Asian–Pacific region.
We thank Dr. N.T. Yaduraju, President, APWSS and Dr. A.R. Sharma, Organizing Secretary, 25th APWSS
Conference for give us this opportunity and proving their guidance and full support for bring out these
proceedings. We also thank all the authors for submitting articles for presentation at this prestigious
Conference. Special assistance provided by the following scientists in editing the articles and completing the
assigned work within the specified time is gratefully acknowledged: Dr. Anil Kumar, Jammu; Dr. C.
Chandrika, Tirupati; Dr. C. Sarathambal, Jabalpur; Dr. D.J. Rajkhowa, Shillong; Dr. J.P. Deshmukh, Akola;
Dr. J.S. Mishra, Patna; Dr. Jayanta Deka, Jorhat; Dr. K.A. Gopinath, Hyderabad; Dr. M.D. Reddy,
Hyderabad; Dr. M.T. Sanjay, Bengaluru; Dr. Meenal Rathore, Jabalpur; Dr. Narender Kumar, Kanpur; Dr.
Neelam Sharma, Palampur; Dr. P. Janaki, Coimbatore; Dr. R. Poonguzhalan, Karaikal; Dr. Simerjeet Kaur,
Ludhiana; Dr. T. Ramprakash, Hyderabad; Mr. Subhash Chander Singhariya, Jabalpur; Mr. Vikash Chander
Tyagi, Jabalpur and Dr. V.S.G.R. Naidu, Rajahmundry. We admire the efforts of the team led by Mr.
Gyanendra Singh in processing and formatting of all the articles, and bringing out the proceedings in a record
time.

13 October, 2015 Publication Committee

Contents
Themes Pages
1. Weed biology and ecology 1-38
2. Weed management options in crops and cropping systems 39-328
3. Improving weed management in conservation agricultural systems 329-362
4. Weed management in horticulture, plantation crops and non-arable lands 363-407
5. Role of biological control in integrated weed management systems 408-410
6. Herbicide resistance management 411-422
7. Herbicide persistence and its impact in different ecosystems 423-460
8. Allelopathy: the current status and role in weed management 461-473
9. Aquatic weeds - biology, management and utilization 474-485
10. Parasitic weeds and their management 486-492
11. Weed management in organic farming systems 493-499
12. Strategic farmers participatory approaches to weed management 500-507
13. Economics of managing weeds in agro-ecosystems 508-516
14. Alien invasive weeds and their management 517-530
15. Herbicide tolerant crops: role and future in Asian-Pacific region 531-541
16. New herbicide molecules and products: the role of herbicide industry 542-558
17. New tools and technologies for better weed management 559-578
18. Weed biology and management under changing climate 579-583
19. Education, research methodology and communication in weed science 584-590
20. Miscellaneous 591-615
Theme 1
Weed biology and ecology
25th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference on “Weed Science for Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Biodiversity”,
Hyderabad, India during 13-16 October, 2015
Weed suppression ability of two rice varieties in aerobic rice
Manpreet Singh1* and Makhan Singh Bhullar2
1Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Abohar 152 116, India; 2Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana 141 004, India
*Email: [email protected]
Weeds have been a major biotic constraint in aerobic
ime of weed removal. In the plots that were kept weed-free for
rice system of rice cultivation due to 1) wide diversity in weed
different periods, weeds sampling was done at harvest. Weed
flora, 2) simultaneous germination of rice and weeds and 3)
biomass data was pooled over the years and square-root
conducive aerobic conditions for weed growth. The extent of
transformed for statistical analysis and actual biomass values
yield loss due to weeds varies from 50-100% depending on the
are presented for clarity. The GLM procedure in SAS 9.3 was
cultural methods, rice cultivars and associated weed species
used to evaluate the statistical differences among treatments
density and duration of competition. Although herbicides
at P=0.05.
have been the economical method of weed control, the degree
of weed control achieved by herbicides may vary with rice RESULTS
cultivar as genetic variation in their competitive ability against Biomass of all the weed types was dependent on the
weeds exist. Enhancing crop competitiveness against weeds weedy duration in the crop. For the initial weedy duration, the
could reduce weed control costs by 30% (Sanint et al. 1998) weed biomass increased with the time of weedy duration in
and its harnessing can be important for weed management in rice, while for the initial weed free duration, the weed biomass
aerobic rice. decreased with the delayed period of allowing weeds to
METHODOLOGY emerge. Grasses and sedges were dominant weeds in this
study.
A field experiment was conducted during the summer
2012 and 2013 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Grass weed biomass was same with both varieties for
India. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with initial 42 days, in weedy or weed free conditions. At 56 days of
two cultivars (PR 114, of 145 days (d) duration; and PR 115, of rice seeding (DAS), greater grass weed biomass was recorded
125 d duration) as main plots treatments and 12 weed control in PR 115 than in PR 114. Under weed free conditions also, at
timings [weedy and weed free conditions, each of which, 56 DAS, weed biomass was comparatively lower with PR 115
maintained until 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days after sowing (DAS) (30 g/m2) over PR 114 (50 g/m2). Sedges biomass was same in
and until crop harvest]as the sub-plots treatments. rice was both the varieties when kept weedy up to 28 DASand beyond
sown at 25 kg/ha seed rate with seed-drill in 20 cm wide rows. 28 DAS of initial weed free period. At 42 and 56 DAS, sedges
The field was irrigated immediately after sowing and was kept biomass was less by 23.6 and 22.6 %, respectively in
moist throughout the season. Weeds were removed by hand association with PR 115 compared to biomass recorded with
hoeing as per the treatments. Weeds in the weedy plots were PR 114. Similarly, under weedy upto harvest and initial weed
free period of 14 days, lesser sedges biomass(16.8 and 20.3%)
was recorded with PR 115 than with PR 114. Beyond 14 days of
weed free maintenance showed similar competitive ability by
both the varieties. Varietal difference was not observed in
their competitive ability against broadleaved weeds, probably
because of the lesser biomass of broadleaf weeds. Total weed
biomass was lesser in association with PR 115 (244 g/m2)
compared to PR 114 (291 g/m2), at 42 days of initial weedy
conditions while, under initial weed free period of 14 days and
weedy up to harvest treatments, weed biomass at harvest
reduced by 13.5 and 8.8 % under PR 115.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated higher weed competitive ability,
especially against sedges of PR 115 than PR 114. However, for
grasses, such difference in weed suppression among the
varieties was observed when plots were kept weed free upto
56 DAS.
REFERENCE
Sanint LR, Correa-Victoria FJ and Izquierdo J. 1998. The current situation
and issues in rice production in Latin America and Caribbean.p
35.In “Proceedings of International Rice Conference”, FAO, Rome.
Fig. 1. Weed biomass with rice varieties in different weed control
timings (*represents the significant difference between
varieties at particular weed control timing)
1
25th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference on “Weed Science for Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Biodiversity”,
Hyderabad, India during 13-16 October, 2015
Weed flora of aerobic rice in the coastal region of Karaikal, Puducherry
M. Pavithra and R. Poonguzhalan*
Department of Agronomy, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry 609 603, India
*Email: [email protected]
Aerobic rice system has been evolved as the most corchorifolia L., Sphaeranthus indicus L. and Trianthema
promising water saving technology in rice culture wherein the portulacastrum L. among the broad leaved weeds were
rice is established by direct seeding in non-puddled and non- observed at later stages of crop growth (90 DAS and later).
flooded fields (Anwar et al. 2010). In addition, aerobic rice
requires less labour and capital input with saving of 29% of Table 1. Weeds density and relative density in aerobic rice,
the total rice production cost. In aerobic rice system, the dry Karaikal
tillage and aerobic soil conditions are highly conducive for
Weed density Relative
germination and higher growth of weeds which results in Life (no./m2) density (%)
Name Family
greater rice grain yield losses as compared to puddle Form 30 60 30 60
DAS DAS DAS DAS
transplanted rice. Uncontrolled weeds reduce the yield by 96
Echinochloa colona. Link. Poaceae Annual 265.0 362.3 17.9 28.1
per cent to 100 per cent in dry direct-seeded rice (Maity and Echinochloa crussgalli L. Poaceae Annual 163.0 79.0 11.0 6.1
Leptochloa chinensis(L.) Nees. Poaceae Annual 0.0 16.0 0.0 1.2
Mukherjee 2008). Hence, developing an effective weed Panicum repens L. Poaceae Perennial 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.3
Total grasses 428.0 461.3 28.9 35.7
management approach has been a challenge for widespread
Cyperus difformisL. Cyperaceae Annual 293.0 125.0 19.8 9.7
adoption of aerobic rice cultivation. It is essential to know the Cyperus haspan L. Cyperaceae Perennial -- -- -- --
Cyperus iria L. Cyperaceae Annual 146.7 108.0 9.9 8.4
species composition of weed flora and their life forms in order Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Perennial 127.0 32.3 8.6 2.5
to identify a suitable method for managing weeds. Hence, this Fimbristylis miliacea L. Cyperaceae Annual 0.0 16.0 0.0 1.2
Scirpus articulates Cyperaceae Annual -- -- -- --
study was undertaken to analyse the weed flora associated Total sedges 566.7 281.3 38.3 21.8
with aerobic rice in the coastal region of Karaikal, U.T. of Aeschynomene indica L. Fabaceae Annual 0.0 24.0 0.0 1.9
Aponogetonmono stachyon L. Aponogetonaceae Annual 4.0 12.0 0.3 0.9
Puducherry Bergia capensis L. Elatinaceae Annual 0.0 11.0 0.0 0.8
Cleome viscose L. Capparidaceae Annual 0.0 17.0 0.0 1.3
METHODOLOGY Corchorus tridens L. Tiliaceae Annual -- -- -- --
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae Annual 8.0 5.0 0.5 0.4
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2013 Glinusoppositi folius L. Molluginaceae Annual 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.5
Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl. Hydrophyllaceae Perennial 0.0 33.0 0.0 2.6
in the farm lands of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Lindernia crustacea Scrophulariaceae Annual 0.0 19.0 0.0 1.5
Lindernia oppositifolia Scrophulariaceae Annual 8.0 38.0 0.5 2.9
Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry. The
Lindernia procumbens Krock.) Scrophulariaceae Annual 0.0 18.0 0.0 1.4
soil of the experimental site was loamy sand in texture and pH Ludwigia abyssinica Onagraceae Annual 326.4 361.0 22.0 28.0
Ludwigia parvifloraRoxb. Onagraceae Annual 132.3 0.0 8.9 0.0
was alkaline (8.2). The soil was low in available nitrogen (60.6 Marsilea quadrifolia L. Marsileceae Perennial -- -- -- --
kg/ha) and phosphorus (10.5 kg/ha) and medium in available Melochiacorcorifolia L. Sterculiaceae Annual -- -- -- --
Oldenlandi acorymbosa L. Rubiaceae Annual 8.0 0.0 0.6 0.0
potassium (184.4 kg/ha). A medium duration (135 days) rice cv. Phyllanthus niruri L. Euphorbiaceae Annual 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.3
Sphaeranthus indicus L. Asteraceae Annual -- -- -- --
‘ADT(R) 46’ was sown on September 5, 2013 and the
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Aizoaceae Annual -- -- -- --
recommended package of practices for aerobic rice was Total broad-leaved weeds 486.7 548.0 32.9 42.5
All weeds 1481.4 1290.6 100.0 100.0
followed. The data on weed flora, absolute density and
relative density were recorded at 30 and 60 days after seeding
(DAS), using a quadrat by following the standard procedures. CONCLUSION
RESULTS In aerobic rice fields of Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry, the
most predominant weeds were: Echinochloa colona Link. fb
Diverse weed flora was observed in aerobic rice field at
Echinochloa cruss-galli (L.) Beauv. among the grasses;
Karaikal region. In total, 29 species (Table 1) of weeds
Cyperus difformis L. followed by Cyperus iria L among
belonging to 22 genera and 17 families were noticed in the
sedges and Ludwigia abyssinica, among the broad leaved
experimental field of aerobic rice. Among these,four grasses,
weeds.
six sedges and nineteen broad leaved weeds were noticed.
Out of these 29 species, five were perennials and the rest were REFERENCES
annuals. Anwar MP, Juraimi AS, Man A, Puteh A, Selamat A and Begum, M.
2010. Weed suppressive ability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm
During initial stages of rice growth, sedges dominated
under aerobic soil conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science
(38.3%) the experimental field while at later stages (60 DAS)
4(9): 706-717.
broad leaved weeds dominated (42.5%). Grasses were
Maity SK and Mukherjee PK.2008. Integrated weed management in dry
relatively less dominant at both 30 and 60 DAS. Cyperus
direct-seeded rainy season rice (Oryza sativaL.). Indian Journal of
haspan L., and Scirpus articulatus L. among the sedges and
Agronomy 53(2): 116-120.
Corchorus tridens L., Marsilea quadrifolia L., Melochia
2