21st Century Maritime Silk Road: A Peaceful Way Forward PDF
Preview 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: A Peaceful Way Forward
Springer Oceanography Chongwei Zheng Ziniu Xiao Wen Zhou Xiaobin Chen Xuan Chen 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: A Peaceful Way Forward Springer Oceanography The Springer Oceanography series seeks to publish a broad portfolio of scientific books, aiming atresearchers, students, andeveryone interested inmarinesciences. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. It covers the entire area of oceanography including, but not limited to, Coastal Sciences, Biological/Chemical/Geological/Physical Oceanography, Paleoceanography, and related subjects. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10175 Chongwei Zheng Ziniu Xiao (cid:129) Wen Zhou Xiaobin Chen (cid:129) Xuan Chen 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: A Peaceful Way Forward 123 Chongwei Zheng XiaobinChen Collegeof Meteorology andOceanography No.92538of People’sLiberation Army National University ofDefense Technology Dalian Nanjing China China Xuan Chen Ziniu Xiao No.75839of People’sLiberation Army Institute of Atmospheric Physics Guangzhou ChineseAcademy of Sciences China Beijing China WenZhou Schoolof Energy andEnvironment City University of HongKong KowloonTong,Hong Kong China ISSN 2365-7677 ISSN 2365-7685 (electronic) SpringerOceanography ISBN978-981-10-7976-4 ISBN978-981-10-7977-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7977-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018934452 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018,correctedpublication2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. partofSpringerNature Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721, Singapore Series Publications on the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road I. 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: A Peaceful Way Forward II. 21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad:ConstructionofRemoteIslandsandReefs III. 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Wave Energy Resource Evaluation IV. 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Wind Energy Resource Evaluation V. 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Location Choice of Marine New Energy VI. 21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad:Long-TermTrendsofOceanicParameters VII. 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Threat and Characteristics of Swell VIII. 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Early Warning of Wave Disasters Preface The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (shortened to “Maritime Silk Road” here- after) proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping has received increasing attention from many countries and regions. It represents China’s consistent theme of peace and development. It is conducive to promoting economic prosperity and regional economic cooperation among countries, strengthening communication between civilizations, and promoting world peace and development. The Maritime Silk Road will open anewchapterof human interconnection,cooperation and win-win scenarios, equality,and mutual assistance.More than 70%of theearth’ssurface is covered by ocean. The ocean is not only an important regulator of the natural environment but also an important growth point for social and economic devel- opment.Itisthecradleofhumanlifeaswellasaresourcerepositorythatwillbring new opportunities for Chinese national rejuvenation and contributions to the sus- tainable development of human society. However, challenges and opportunities often coexist. The Maritime Silk Road links the South China Sea and the northern Indian Ocean, involving a large number of countries, a wide range, and long distances. The challenging natural environment, scarcity of electricity and fresh- water resources, different political and cultural bases, complex maritime rights disputes,andconstantstateofconflictgreatlyincreasethedifficultyofconstructing the Maritime Silk Road. For example, a storm surge in the Bay of Bengal in 1970 caused more than 300,000 deaths. Obviously, understanding the characteristics of the marine environment is a prerequisite for the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. However, relatively weak basic research and scarce marine data seriously restrict the full implementation of the Maritime Silk Road initiative and urgently need to be addressed. Construction of the Maritime Silk Road includes not only traditional ocean navigation and freight transportation but also the development of marine new energy, island tourism, marine cultural exchange, maritime search and rescue, humanitarian relief, disaster prevention and reduction, anti-piracy escort, anti-terrorism cruises, and several other areas. With the rapid development of human society, the demand for energy has increased accordingly, and along with this, increasingly serious energy and environmental crises have developed. These vii viii Preface criseshaveattractedmuchattentioninrecentyears.Withshortagesofconventional energy such as coal and oil, we have begun to focus on new energy resources, researchingwhichresourcewillbethebestforcopingwithclimatechangeandfor mitigating the shortages of conventional energy. This has been a common strategy adopted by several countries. Marine resources will guarantee the survival and sustainabledevelopmentofthetwenty-first-centuryhumansociety,whichwillalso be a new highlight of the Maritime Silk Road construction. The rational exploita- tion and utilization of wave energy, offshore wind energy, and other new energy sources will provide a positive contribution to ease the energy crisis of human society, improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, and enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs. There is an obvious need for “resource evaluation and planning in advance” in energy development. Due to the difficultiesofextremelyscarcedata,thehugeamountofcomputationrequired,and the difficulty of using the appropriate technology, only a few detailed and sys- tematicenergyanalyseshavebeenconductedfortheMaritimeSilkRoad,resulting in an insufficient reference for its construction. An understanding of the characteristics of the marine environment is key to the safety of marine construction, while knowledge of the characteristics of marine energy is the basis of reasonable and efficient energy utilization. In addition, legal counsel is helpful in protecting the rights, interests, and commitment of countries andregionsthatareparticipatingintheconstructionoftheMaritimeSilkRoad.We are convinced that there is an urgent need for new insights into the field of coping with the challengingnatural environment, the scarcityof electricity and freshwater resources,thedifferentpoliticalandculturalbases,andthecomplexmaritimerights disputes that may arise during the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. Therefore, an in-depth study of the characteristics of the new marine energy, marine environment, remote islands and reefs construction, and legal escort is of great significance and urgently needs to be pursued in order to provide a scientific reference and decision-making support for the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. This book first discusses the significance and opportunities of the Maritime SilkRoadinitiative,thenanalyzesthechallengesinvolvedintheconstructionofthe Maritime Silk Road and provides corresponding countermeasures. It then focuses on understanding the characteristics of the marine environment; marine resources andtheircurrentutilization;importantroutes,channels,andports;andtheMaritime SilkRoadfromtheperspectiveofinternationallaw.Thebookalsoaimstoprovide a reference to help solve practical problems, such as ocean engineering, marine energy development, remote islands and reefs construction, navigation, disaster prevention and reduction, and legal escort, and thus to contribute to the safe and efficientconstructionoftheMaritimeSilkRoad.Inaddition,thisbookproposesto constructacomprehensiveapplicationplatformfortheMaritimeSilkRoadthatwill be practical and convenient and will help decision-making. The book is motivated by the urgent demands of coping with the challenging natural environment, the scarcity of electricity and freshwater resources, the different political and cultural Preface ix bases, and the complex maritime rights disputes that may arise during the con- struction of the Maritime Silk Road. This book is written for national decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineering personnel related to the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. Beijing, China Chongwei Zheng December 2017 Ziniu Xiao Wen Zhou Xiaobin Chen Xuan Chen The original version of the book was revised: Authors’ affiliations have been updated. The erratum to the book is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7977-1_9 xi
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