21st Century Anthropology

1125 Pages·2010·18.77 MB·English

(c) 2011 Sage Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Lightwillbethrownontheoriginofmanandhishistory.
—CharlesDarwin(1859)
OntheOriginofSpecies,ChapterXV
(c) 2011 Sage Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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(c) 2011 Sage Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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21stcenturyanthropology:areferencehandbook/editor,H.JamesBirx.
2v.,p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-4129-5738-0(pbk.)
1. Anthropology—Handbooks,manuals,etc. I. Birx,H.James.
GN25.A1442010
301—dc22 2009052453
10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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C
ONTENTS
V O
OLUME NE
Preface xi
AbouttheEditor xiii
AbouttheContributors xiv
PARTI.BIOLOGICALANTHROPOLOGY
1. BiologicalAnthropology 2
H.JamesBirx,CanisiusCollegeandStateUniversityofNewYorkatGeneseo
2. HominidDescriptions 13
IgnacioArenillasandJoséAntonioArz,UniversityofZaragoza
3. HumanBrain 26
CrisCampbell,UniversityofColoradoatBoulder
4. HumanAdaptations 38
JillM.Church,D’YouvilleCollege
5. HumanGrowthandDevelopment 47
BrittenyM.Howell,NorthernKentuckyUniversityand
GatewayCommunityandTechnicalCollege
6. HumanBioculturalDiversity 56
BrittenyM.Howell,NorthernKentuckyUniversityand
GatewayCommunityandTechnicalCollege
AndrewShooner,UniversityofCincinnati
7. RaceandRacism 65
PaulF.Brown,MinnesotaStateUniversity,Mankato
8. DNAandGeneticEngineering 76
JohnK.Grandy,LeeMedicalAssociates,Dunkirk,NewYork
PARTII.ARCHAEOLOGY
9. Archaeology 92
RobertBollt(1971–2010),Honolulu,Hawai'i
10. ExcavationandPreservation 101
Chang-HoC.JiandRobertD.Bates,LaSierraUniversity
11. Artifacts,Burials,andRuins 111
GregoryD.Mumford,UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham
(c) 2011 Sage Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
12. Aztecs,Incas,andMayans 121
FrancesF.Berdan,CaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino
13. Technology 132
AndreasSpahn,EindhovenUniversityofTechnology
PARTIII.SOCIOCULTURALANTHROPOLOGY
14. ConceptofCulture 144
LesBeldo,UniversityofChicago
15. EthnographyandEthnology 153
IsabelleM.Flemming,ElaAreaPublicLibrary,LakeZurich,Illinois
16. MarriageandtheFamily 162
LisaM.Vaughn,CincinnatiChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenter/
UniversityofCincinnatiCollegeofMedicine
17. KinshipSystems 174
RichardR.Jones,LeeUniversity
18. PoliticalOrganizations 182
ElaineM.Reeves,UniversityofToledo
19. MagicandScience 191
IsabelleM.Flemming,ElaAreaPublicLibrary,LakeZurich,Illinois
20. Shamanism 200
GwendolynJ.Reece,AmericanUniversityLibrary
21. WitchcraftandSorcery 209
JackyVallée,VanierCollege,Montreal
22. ReligionsandBeliefs 218
HansOttoSeitschek,LudwigMaximilianUniversityinMunich
23. CosmologyandMythology 227
AnnaMariaDestro,EasternPiedmontUniversity
24. PeasantSocieties 235
KathleenNadeau,CaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino
25. Food:PlantsandAnimals 245
FrancesD.Burton,UniversityofToronto
PARTIV.LINGUISTICS
26. Linguistics 258
PatriciaN.Chrosniak,BradleyUniversity
27. CommunicationandSymbolism 269
JohnDouglasRhoades,St.JohnFisherCollege
28. Storytelling 277
KatieElsonAnderson,RutgersUniversity
29. MassMediaandAnthropology 287
SarasijMajumder,RutgersUniversity
PARTV.APPLIEDANTHROPOLOGY
30. AppliedAnthropology 296
MichaelJ.Simonton,NorthernKentuckyUniversity
31. LawandAnthropology 305
OliverW.Lembcke,FriedrichSchillerUniversityinJena
32. ForensicAnthropology 314
SaraRofofskyMarcus,QueensboroCommunityCollege,CityUniversityofNewYork
33. PaleopathologyandAnthropology 322
ChristopherDavidCzaplicki,CanisiusCollege
(c) 2011 Sage Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
34. MedicalAnthropology 331
ArvillaChapinPayne-Jackson,HowardUniversity
35. InfectiousDiseasesandAnthropology 340
RichardAlbertStein,PrincetonUniversity
PARTVI.METHODOLOGY
36. DatingTechniques 352
ToriM.Saneda,CascadiaCommunityCollege
37. InterpretingEvidence 361
DonaldR.Perry,Branchport,NewYork
38. Cross-CulturalStudies 370
ConstanceB.Williams,QueensboroughCommunityCollege,
CityUniversityofNewYork
39. TwinStudies 379
GretaG.Boers,DukeUniversity
PARTVII.TEMPORALFRAMEWORKS
40. GeologyandAnthropology 388
RhondaL.Quinn,RutgersUniversityandNewYorkUniversity
41. PaleontologyandAnthropology 398
Kris“Fire”Kovarovic,UniversityCollegeLondon
42. PrehistoricCultures 409
PamelaHayes-Bohanan,BridgewaterStateCollege
43. AncientCivilizations 419
TerryW.Eddinger,CarolinaEvangelicalDivinitySchool
44. HistoryandAnthropology 432
MichaelJ.Francisconi,UniversityofMontanaWestern
PARTVIII.THEORIESINANTHROPOLOGY
45. TheoreticalAnthropology 442
MichaelJ.Francisconi,UniversityofMontanaWestern
46. IdeologyandAnthropology 453
KathleenNadeau,CaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino
47. EnlightenmentandSecularism 463
JamesPlegerBonanno,StateUniversityofNewYorkatBinghamton
48. MarxistAnthropology 473
KathleenNadeau,CaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino
49. AgencyandPracticeTheory 480
AngelaKristinVandenBroek,UniversityofSouthernMississippi
50. OpenandClosedSocieties 488
JoachimKlose,CommissioneroftheKonradAdenauerFoundation
fortheFreeStateofSaxony
51. CultureandPersonality 499
GeraldSullivan,CollinCollege
52. GermanAnthropology 510
DirkSolies,JohannesGutenbergUniversityofMainz
53. ValuesandAnthropology 517
RichardR.Jones,LeeUniversity
54. HumanExcellence:PastandPresent 526
IrinaJovanDeretic,UniversityofBelgrade
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V T
OLUME WO
PARTIX.EVOLUTION
55. FossilPrimates 538
IgnacioArenillasandJoséAntonioArz,UniversityofZaragoza
56. HumanEvolution 556
JeffreyH.Schwartz,UniversityofPittsburgh
57. CultureChange 565
RobertBatesGraber,TrumanStateUniversity
58. SocialEvolution 576
RobertBatesGraber,TrumanStateUniversity
59. Evolution:Science,Anthropology,andPhilosophy 586
H.JamesBirx,CanisiusCollegeandStateUniversityofNewYorkatGeneseo
60. Evolution/CreationControversy 600
LauraM.Bolt,UniversityofToronto
PARTX.PRIMATERESEARCH
61. PrimateTaxonomy 612
JohnR.Grehan,BuffaloMuseumofScience
62. PrimateLocomotion 624
DavidAlexanderLukaszek,UniversityofAlaskaFairbanks
63. PrimateBehaviorStudies 633
RyanJ.Trubits,Lancaster,NewYork
64. PrimateExtinctionandConservation 647
AndreaPatriciaBirkby,FortLewisCollege
PARTXI.CULTURESTUDIES
65. Amazonia 658
CarlosAntonioMartinSoria,InstitutodelBienComúnPeru
66. AustralianAborigines 668
SusannaServello,Cremona,Italy
67. Inuit 676
PamelaRaeHuteson,Edmonds,Washington
68. IroquoianPeoples 687
NeilPatrickO’Donnell,CanisiusCollege
PARTXII.CULTUREAREAS
69. Africa:PastandPresent 698
BeleteK.Mebratu,MedailleCollege
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70. Caribbean:PastandPresent 707
FernandoValerio-Holguín,ColoradoStateUniversity
71. Europe:PastandPresent 716
MichaelJ.Simonton,NorthernKentuckyUniversity
72. India:PastandPresent 725
RamdasLamb,UniversityofHawai'iatManoa
73. Polynesia:PastandPresent 735
RobertBollt(1971–2010),Honolulu,Hawai'i
PARTXIII.SOCIALBEHAVIOR
74. SocialRelationships 746
BrittenyM.Howell,NorthernKentuckyUniversity
andGatewayCommunityandTechnicalCollege
MelonyL.Stambaugh,NorthernKentuckyUniversity
75. Rank,Status,andRole 756
DebraM.Lucas,D’YouvilleCollege
76. Ceremonies 764
DebikaSaha,UniversityofNorthBengal
77. FestivalsandRituals 773
CynthiaJ.W.Svoboda,BridgewaterStateCollege
78. MusicandDance 782
ShaynaSilverstein,UniversityofChicago
79. ConflictandAggression 791
CrisCampbell,UniversityofColoradoatBoulder
80. SocialProblems 801
RobertM.Worley,PennStateAltoona
81. Gangs 810
PatriciaE.Erickson,CanisiusCollege
82. DeviantBehavior 819
RobertM.WorleyandVidishaBaruaWorley,PennStateAltoona
83. Delinquency 827
MelissaA.Menasco,CanisiusCollege
84. ViolenceandWarfare 839
VidishaBaruaWorley,PennStateAltoona
PARTXIV.ANTHROPOLOGYTODAY
85. FolkConcepts 848
JayH.Bernstein,KingsboroughCommunityCollege,CityUniversityofNewYork
86. MigrationandGlobalization 856
MarciaB.Dinneen,BridgewaterStateCollege
87. Globalization 865
ChristopherMorris,UniversityofColoradoatBoulder
88. EducationandAnthropology 874
SuzanneE.D’Amato,MedailleCollege
89. HistoryandLiteratureinAnthropology 883
FrankA.Salamone,IonaCollege
90. WomenandAnthropology 895
AnneBennett,CaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino
(c) 2011 Sage Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.