(2021). Water Security in Asia. PDF
Preview (2021). Water Security in Asia.
Springer Water Mukand Babel Andreas Haarstrick Lars Ribbe Victor R. Shinde Norbert Dichtl E ditors Water Security in Asia Opportunities and Challenges in the Context of Climate Change Springer Water Series Editor Andrey G. Kostianoy, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia The book series Springer Water comprises a broad portfolio of multi- and interdisciplinary scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interestedin water-relatedscience.The seriesincludespeer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. Its volumes combine all kinds of water-related research areas, such as: the movement, distribution and quality of freshwater; water resources; the quality and pollution of water and its influence on health; the water industry including drinking water, wastewater, and desalinationservicesandtechnologies;waterhistory;aswellaswatermanagement and the governmental, political, developmental, and ethical aspects of water. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13419 Mukand Babel Andreas Haarstrick (cid:129) (cid:129) Lars Ribbe Victor R. Shinde (cid:129) (cid:129) Norbert Dichtl Editors Water Security in Asia Opportunities and Challenges in the Context of Climate Change 123 Editors MukandBabel Andreas Haarstrick AsianInstitute of Technology TU Braunschweig Bangkok,Thailand Braunschweig, Germany LarsRibbe Victor R. Shinde TH Köln AsianInstitute of Technology Köln,Germany Bangkok,Thailand Norbert Dichtl TU Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany ISSN 2364-6934 ISSN 2364-8198 (electronic) SpringerWater ISBN978-3-319-54611-7 ISBN978-3-319-54612-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54612-4 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword Therelationshipbetweenwaterandclimatechangecannotbeoveremphasized.Itis the primary medium through which the impacts of climate change are manifested. Theseimpactsresultineithertoomuchwaterintheformoffloodsortoolittlewater corresponding to water shortages. Already, many regions in the world are experi- encingtheseimpacts,andthetrendwillonlycontinue,andperhapsintensity,unless corrective action is taken. Asian countries are particularly vulnerable for several reasons.Overthelastfewyears,incidentsrelatedtofloodsanddroughtshavebeen ontheriseinAsia,eveninareaswhichtraditionallyhaveneverfacedsuchissuesin the past. Achieving water security is a prime mandate of governments across the conti- nent. The last decade has seen several countries announce a flurry of policies, ambitious flagship programmes, and dedicated projects, all geared towards improving indigenous water security. Water is a strategic research and academic focus area of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). We are proud that AIT has been instrumental in conducting several evidence-based comprehensive scientific studies in some of the countries, that have paved the way for these initiatives. v vi Foreword Addressing climate change is a significant cog in the wheel in that journey towardswatersecurity.Attheheartofanappropriateresponsetoclimatechangeis improved knowledge about the interplay of this phenomenon with the various societaldimensionsthatconcernus.Iamhappythatthisbookseekstocontributeto this ever-growing body of knowledge on this subject. The editors, experts in their ownright,havestringedtogetheracompendiumofhigh-classresearchstudiesthat lookatmultipleaspectsofclimatechange.Thisisimportantbecauseitisnowquite evident that combating climate change will require a multi-pronged approach involving diverse stakeholders and different sections of society. I am optimistic that this book will serve as a useful reference media to a wide range of readers—academics, research scholars, practitioners, and students. I congratulate the editors and authors for their commendable work. Dr. Eden Y. Woon President Asian Institute of Technology Thailand Preface Waterisattheheartofhumansecurity.Italsoservesasthevitallinktoanumberof otherhumanneedssuchasfood,energy,andinfrastructure.Howwaterismanaged will have repercussions on almost every aspect of human security. It is common knowledge that our planet is endowed with abundant water resources but the amount of that available in the form of usable water is very small. Over the years, the world’s water resources have been increasingly facing severe pressure from many drivers: population growth, migration, industrialization, urbanization, socioeconomic development, among others. Climate change is exacerbating the crisis, particularly in Asia. Changing weather conditions are leading to increasing hydrologic variability and incidences of extreme events. Going forward, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests an increase in the number of years with above-normal monsoon rainfall or extremely low rainfall. Meltingglacierswillaffectwatersupplies,creatingrisksofglaciallakeoutburstsof floods and downstream flooding for some regions. This will lead to an overall reduction in water supplies from snow cover and glacial runoff in the long run. Droughts will also become an even more serious concern, particularly given the already strained water access issues. Since the last five years, the Global Risk Landscape developed by the World Economic Forum has consistently highlighted water crises among the top global risksthattheworldfaces. Enhancingwater security,therefore, figuresprominently in almost every global and national development agenda. The Sustainable DevelopmentGoal6(Ensureavailabilityandsustainablemanagementofwaterand sanitationforall)isanaptexampleforaglobal-levelinitiative.Similarly,almostall countries in Asia have prioritized water security and management in their policies and relevant development plans. In order to truly achieve water security, it is important to have a holistic understandingofthevariousdimensionsofwatersecurity,andforthestakeholders inthevarioussectorstorefrainfromworkingin“silos”andproliferateinter-sector cooperation and coordination. It is against this backdrop that in November 2016, the Asian Institute of Technology in association with Exceed centers CNRD (Cologne) and SWINDON (Braunschweig) in Germany organized an International vii viii Preface Scientific Conference on “Water Security and Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities inAsia”. The objective of this conferencewas toprovide aplatform for engaging leading experts in Asia and beyond in cross-sectoral discussions on watersecurityissuesinAsiatofacilitatethepathtowardwater-securesocieties.The conference also sought to serve as a common interface for science, practice, and policy related work and trigger deliberations and dialog among the diverse stake- holders.Theconferenceaimedtoencompassasmanydimensionsofwatersecurity as possible and received papers related to sixteen thematic areas. These include: stateofwater resourcesandwatersecurityphilosophies; assessing andquantifying water security; hydrological assessment and forecasting; groundwater security assessment and management; environmental water security assessment; water security for agriculture productivity; climate induced disaster risk assessment and impacts; climate resilient water supply management; enhancing ecosystem pro- tection;climatechangeadaptationtoreducedisasterrisk;decisionsupporttoolsfor enhancing water security; water utility management; regional and national level water security enhancement interventions; water economics; wastewater reuse; stakeholder engagement and institution building. The conference, funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), was attended by over one hundred and fifty experts from twenty countries. We are pleased to present this book that comprises the highly appreciated and thought-provokingpaperspresentedintheaforementionedinternationalconference. The book is organized into different sections, each dwelling on a unique aspect of climate change and water security. The editors would like to thank all authors for their contribution to this publication. The editors would also like to acknowledge and thank Ms. Aakanchya Budhathoki Shah and Mr. Shashwat Sharma for their support in developing this publication. We hope this collection of papers will provide good insights into the holistic nature of water security and arouse more scientificinterestinsubsequentresearchandactionthaturgentlyneedstobetaken. Bangkok, Thailand Mukand Babel Braunschweig, Germany Andreas Haarstrick Köln, Germany Lars Ribbe Bangkok, Thailand Victor R. Shinde Braunschweig, Germany Norbert Dichtl About this Book This book provides state-of-the-art scientific knowledge on the interlinkages between climate change and water, especially in the Asian context. Asia has been facing several water-related challenges for decades due to multiple factors such as increasing population, socioeconomic development, urbanization, and migration, and climate change now poses an additional threat. While significant efforts have been made by governments in Asia, much more work is needed to make Asian societies water secure. To do so will require improved knowledge about the interaction of climate change and water resources. This book attempts to meet this knowledge need through a multidisciplinary approach that looks at multiple per- spectives and dimensions of water security. The book can serve as a beneficial resource for scientists and researchers involved in furthering the knowledge on water security and climate change and facilitate the translation of this knowledge intopractice.Inaddition,itwillprovidepolicymakers,planners,andpractitionersto gain useful insights for formulating sustainable water security enhancement strategies grounded in sound scientific evidence. ix
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