2020 or Before -1857 Ka Svatantrata Samar

2020·2.5 MB·Hindi

by  Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

1857 dk
Lokraa«; lej
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj

izHkkr isijcSDl
izHkkr izdk”ku™
ISO 9001 : 2000 dk izdk”kd dk m|e
www.prabhatbooks.com
mu cfynkuh gqrkRekvksa dks]
ftUgksaus 1857 ds Lokr«a ; lej
esa vaxzstksa ls yM+rs gq, vius
izk.kksa dh vkgqfr nhA
;g bfrgkl dh iqLrd ugha]
Lo; a Hkh bfrgkl gSA
nsosUnz Lo:i

ohj lkojdj jfpr ^1857 dk Lokra«; lej* ek= bfrgkl dh iqLrd ugha] ;g rks Lo;a eas bfrgkl gSA laHkor%] ;g fo”o
dh igyh iqLrd gS] ftls izdk”ku ds iwoZ gh izfrcf/kr gksus dk xkSjo izkIr gqvkA bl iqLrd ds izdk”ku dh laHkkouk
ek= ls loZ”kfDreku fczfV”k lkezkT;&chloha “krh ds izFke n”kd eas tgka dHkh lw;kZLr ugh a gksrk Fkk&bruk FkjkZ x;k Fkk
fd iqLrd dk uke] mlds izdk”kd o eqnzd ds uke&ir s dk Kku u gksus ij Hkh mlu s bl iqLrd ij izfrca/k yxk
fn;kA bl iqLrd dks gh ;g xkSjo izkIr gS fd lu~ 1901 es a blds izFke xqIr laLdj.k ds izdk”ku ls 1947 es a mlds
izFke izdk”ku rd ds vM+rhl o’kZ yEcs dky[ka Mes a mlds fdrus gh xqIr laLdj.k vuds Hkk’kkvks a eas Nidj ns”k&fon”s k es a
forjhr gksrs jgsA ml iqLrd dks fNikdj Hkkjr eas ykuk ,d lkgliw.kZ Økafr&deZ cu x;kA og n”s kHkDr Økafrdkfj;ks a
dh ^xhrk* cu xbZA mldh vyH; izfr dks dgha ls [kkst ikuk lkSHkkX; ekuk tkrk FkkA mldh ,d&,d izfr xqIr :i ls
,d gkFk ls nwlj s gkFk gksrh gqbZ vuds var%dj.kks a eas Økafr dh Tokyk lqyxk tkrh FkhA
bfrgkl dh bl Øakfrdkjh iqLrd dk bfrgkl vkjHa k gksrk gS lu~ 1906 ls] tc Økafr&ea= eas nhf{kr ;qok fouk;d
nkeksnj lkojdj odkyr i<u+ s ds uke ij “k=q ds ?kj baXyaSM eas gh ekr`Hkwfe dk Lokr«a ; lej yM+u s igqap tkr s gSaA iz[kj
jk’VªHkDr ,oa laLd`r ds egkfo}ku ia- “;keth d`’.k oekZ }kjk LFkkfir ^bafM;k gkml* dks viuh Økafr&lk/kuk dk dsUa nz
cuk yrs s gSaA ekr`Hkwfe dh Lora=rk ds fy, O;kdqy ;qodks a dk laxBu [kM+k dj ysrs gSaA lu~ 1907 eas 1857 dh Økafr dh

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ipkloha o’kZxkaB iM+hA bl izlax ij Hkkjr eas viu s neu o “kks’k.k ds dky s bfrgkl ij yTtk vkSj i”pkÙkki dk
izdVhdj.k djus ds ctk, fczfV”k lekpkj&i=ks a o ckSf}dks a u s viu s jk’Vªh; “kkS;Z dh xoksZfDr vkSj Hkkjrh; urs kvks a dh
funa k dk nq”iz;kl djds yna u eas ekStwn Hkkjrh; n”s kHkDrks a dks m}sfyr dj fn;kA ;g ,d izdkj ls cjksZ ds NÙks eas <syk
ekju s ds leku FkkA
lu~ 1857 dh ipkloha o’kZxkaB dks fczVsu u s fot; fnol ds :Ik eas euk;kA fczfV”k lekpkj&i=ks a u s fo”ks’kkad fudkys]
ftues a fczfV”k “kkS;Z dk c[kku vkSj Hkkjrh; Lora=rk lsukfu;ks a dh HkRlZuk dh xbZA 6 ebZ dks yna u ds izeq[k nSfud ^Msyh
Vys hxzkQ* u s eksVs v{kjks a eas “kh’kZd Nkik&^ipkl o’kZ iwoZ blh lIrkg “kkS;Z izn”kZu ls gekjk lkezkT; cpk Fkk*A ty s ij
ued fNM+du s ds fy, yna u eas ,d ukVd [ksyk x;k] ftles a jkuh y{ehckbZ ,oa ukuk lkgsc tSls Js’B usrkvks a dks gR;kjk
o minoz h crk;k x;kA lkojdj ds urs `Ro es a Hkkjrh; n”s kHkDrksa u s bl vieku dk mÙkj nsus ds fy, 10 ebZ dks lu~
1857 dh ipkloha o’kZ xkaB cM+h /kwe/kke ls eukbZA Hkkjrh; ;qodks a u s 1857 dh Le`fr eas viuh Nkrh ij pednkj fcYys
yxk,A mUgksua s miokl j[kk] lHkk,a dha] ftues a Lor=a gksus rd yM+kbZ tkjh j[kus dh izfrKk yh xbZA Hkkjrh; n”s kHkDrh
ds bl lkoZtfud izn”kZu ls “kkldh; vgadkj eas Mwcs vaxzst fryfeyk mBsA dbZ txg Hkkjrh; ;qodks a ls >M+Ik dh ukScr
vk xbZA gjuke flag ,oa vkj- ,e- [kku tSls ;qodks a dks Nkrh ij ls fcYyk u gVkus dh ftn ds dkj.k fo+|ky; ls
fu’dklu >syuk iM+kA vaxsztks a dks vius gh ?kj es a Hkkjrh; jk’Vªokn ds mxz :Ik dk lk{kkRdkj gqvkA
fdarq bl izdj.k us lkojdj dks vanj ls >d>ksj MkykA muds eu eas iz”uks a dk >a>kor [kM+k gks x;kA lu~ 1857 dk
;FkkFkZ D;k gS\ D;k og ek= ,d vkdfLed flikgh fonkzsg Fkk\ D;k mlds urs k viu s rqPN LokFkksZa dh j{kk ds fy,
vyx&vyx bl fonkzsg eas dwN iM+ s Fks\ ;k og fdlh cM+ s y{; dh izkfIr ds fy, ,d lqfuf”pr iz;kl Fkk\ ;fn gka] rks
ml ;kstuk eas fdldk efLr’d dk;Z dj jgk Fkk\ ;kstuk dk Lo:i D;k Fkk\ D;k lu~ 1857 ,d chrk gqvk can v/;k;
gS ;k Hkfo’; ds fy, izsj.kknk;h thoar ;k=k\ Hkkjr dh Hkkoh ihf<+;ks a ds fy, 1857 dk lan”s k D;k gS\ vkfn&vkfnA
lkojdj u s bu iz”uks a dk mÙkj [kkstu s ds fy, “kks/k djus dk fu”p; fd;kA fczfV”k nLrkots ks a ds vkxk bafM;k vkWfQl
ykbczsjh es a izos”k ik fy;kA yxHkx Ms<+ o’kZ rd os bafM;k vkWfQl ykbczsjh vkSj fczfV’k E;wft;e ykbczsjh eas lu~ 1857
laca/kh nLrkostks a ,oa fczfV’k y[s ku ds egkleqnz eas Mqcfd;ka yxkr s jgsA tkrh;

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vgadkj vkSj fo}s’k&tfur iwoZxzgh fczfV’k y[s ku eas fNis lR; dks mUgksua s [kkst fudkykA 1857 ds okLrfod Lo:i dk
lk{kkRdkj djus eas os lQy gq,A mUgksua s 1857 dks ,d ekeyw h flikgh fonkzsg ds xM~<s ls mBkdj Hkkjrh; Lokra«; lej
ds mPp flagklu ij izfrf’Br dj fn;kA viuh bl “kks/k&lk/kuk dks mUgksua s ejkBh Hkk’kk es a fuc˜ fd;kA
bl chp yanu eas 10 ebZ] 1908 dks 1857 dh Økafr dh o’kZxkaB dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl volj ds fy, lkojdj us
^O Marty*s ¼,s “kghnks½ “kh’kZd ls vaxzsth eas pkj i`’B yca s iSa¶ysV dh jpuk dh] ftldk bafM;k gkml es a vk;ksftr dk;ZØe
eas rFkk ;wjksi o Hkkjr eas cM+s iSekus ij forj.k fd;k x;kA bafM;k vkWfQl ykbcszjh vkSj fczfV”k E;wft;e ykbczsjh eas
yxkrkj ,d o’kZ rd cSBus ds dkj.k ;g rks fNik ugha Fkk fd lkojdj 1857 dk v/;;u dj jgs gSa( ijra q mudk
v/;;u fdl fn”kk eas tk jgk gS] bldk dqN vkHkkl bl iSa¶ysV dh dkO;e;h vkstLoh Hkk’kk 1857 ds “kghnks a ds ek/;e
ls Hkkoh Økafr dk vkàku FkhA lkojdj u s fy[kk&^^10 ebZ] 1857 dks “kq: gqvk ;q˜ 10 ebZ] 1908 dks lekIr ugh a gqvk gS]
og rc rd ugh a :dsxk tc rd ml y{; dks iwjk djusokyh dksbZ vxyh 10 ebZ vk,xhA vks egku~ “kghnks!a viu s iw=ks a
ds bl ifo= la?k’kZ eas viuh iszj.kknk;h mifLFkfr ls gekjh enn djksA gekjs izk.kks a eas Hkh tknw dk og ea= Qwda nks ftlus
rqedks ,drk ds lw= eas xwan fn;k FkkA** bl iSa¶ysV ds }kjk lkojdj us 1857 dks ,d ekewyh flikgh fonzksg dh Nfo ls
ckgj fudkydj ,d lqfu;ksftr Lokra«; ;q˜ ds vklu ij izfrf’Br dj fn;kA 1910 es a lkojdj dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn
muij jktnkzsg dk edq nek pyk vkSj mUgs a ipkl o’kZ yca s dkjkokl dh ltk nus s okys fu.kZ; eas ^,s “kghnks*a iSa¶ysV dh
mi;ZqDRk iafDr;ka gh mn~/k`r dh xbZ FkhaA
10 ebZ] 1908 dks yna u ds bafM;k gkml eas 1857 dh Økafr dk o’kZxkaB lekjksg vuBw k FkkA baXySaM vkSj ;wjksi ds lSdM+ks a
Hkkjrh; n”s kHkDr mles a ,d= gq,A ekFks ij panu yxkdj 1857 ds “kghnks a dk iq.; Lej.k djrs gq, ekr`Hkwfe dh
Lok/khurk ds fy, lq[kks a dks Bksdj ekjdj loZLokiZ.k dk ladYi fy;k x;kA 1857 dh Økafr dh lans”kokgd pikrh dk
izrhd&Lo:i forj.k gqvkA Økafr dh vkx izTofyr djus oky s mDr iSa¶ysV dk forj.k vkSj okpu gqvkA bl vuwBs
dk;ZØe dk lekpkj&i=ks a ij Nk x;kA lHkh i=ks a us ml iSa¶ysV dks jktnzksg vkSj Økafr dh fpuxkjh lqyxkusokyk
crk;kA
fczfV”k xqIrpj foHkkx cM+h rRijrk ls lkojdj dh iqLrd dh ikaMqfyfi dh [kkst eas yx x;kA fczfV”k ljdkj dh vka[kks a
eas /kwy >ksda dj bl ikaMqfyfi dh vusd

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n”s kks a eas ;k=k] izdk”ku vkSj izdk”ku iwoZ izfrca/k dh jksekapdkjh dgkuh ges a 10 tuojh] 1947 dks cacbZ ls izdkf”kr izFke
vf/kd`r laLdj.k eas ejkBh lkIrkfgd ^vxz.kh* ds laiknd Jh th-,e-tks”kh dh dye ls rFkk fnYyh fLFkr jk’Vªh;
vfHky[s kkxkj eas lqjf{kr Qkbyks a eas feyrh gSA th-,e-tks”kh fy[kr s gSa fd ^^lkojdj u s viuh igyh jpuk ^esftuh dk
pfj=* dh rjg gh bl ikaMqfyfi dks Hkh izdk”ku gsrq viu s cM+s HkkbZ ckckjko lkojdj ds ikl ukfld Hkst fn;kA fczfV”k
xqIrpj ,tsfal;ka ml ikaMqfyfi dh [kkst eas yxh gqbZ FkhA lkojdj u s isfjl ls izdkf”kr vius mn~n”s ;ks a dks Li’V fd;kA
mUgksua s fy[kk fd os bl iqLrd ds }kjk n”s kokfl;ks a ds eu eas ekr`Hkwfe dh Lok/khurk ds fy, f}rh; fu.kkZ;d ;q} dk
ladYi txkuk pkgrs gSaA os ml bfrgkl ds ek/;e o fn”kk&funsZ”k Hkh djuk pkgr s gSaA iwjs Hkkjr eas Lor=a rk lej ds
fy, laxBu ds dk;ZØe o fn”kk&funsZ”k Hkh djuk pkgrs gSaA iwjs Hkkjr es a Lor=a rk dh vy[k txkus dk blls vf/kd
izHkkoh o lQy ek/;e D;k gks ldrk gS fd muds lekus ml Økafr;q˜] tks fudV Hkwr eas ?kVk Fkk vkSj ftldh ;kn vHkh
rktk gS] dk “kq˜ bfrgkl izLrqr dj fn;k tk,A LokHkkfod gh] ,slk Toyu”khy bfrgkl xaFz k fczfV”k lkekzT;okfn;ks a ds
fy, Hkkjh Mj dk dkj.k cu x;k FkkA
mUgs a dgha ls Hkud yxh fd eyw xzaFk ejkBh Hkk’kk es a fy[kk x;k gS vkSj Hkkjr eas dgha mls Nkik tk jgk gSA cacbZ izkar
xazFk ejkBh Hkk’kk es a fy[kk x;k gS vkSj Hkkjr eas dgha mls Nkik tk jgk gSA cacbZ izkar dh iqfyl u s egkjk’Vª ds lHkh ize[q k
Nkis[kkuks a ij ,d lkFk Nkik ekjk( fdarq lkSHkkX; ls ftl Nkis[kku s eas og Ni jgk Fkk mlds ekfyd] tks Lo;a Hkh vfHkuo
Hkkjr ikVhZ ls tqM+k Fkk] dks viu s fdlh iqfylokys fe= ls vklUu Nkis dh tkudkjh fey xbZA vr% Nkik iM+us ds igy s
gh ikaMqfyfi dks ogka ls gVk fn;k x;k vkSj mls yna u u Hkstdj lqjf{kr isfjl igqapk fn;k x;kA ogka ds Hkkjrh;
Økafrdkfj;ks a u s ;g lkspdj fd teZuh eas laLd`r xazFkks a dh eqn.z k ijia jk gksus ds dkj.k ogka nos ukxjh fyfi ds ejkBh xazFk
dks Niokuk laHko gksxk] ikaMqfyfi dks teZuh Hkst fn;kA fdarq fujk”kk gkFk yxh vkSj ejkBh ikaMqfyfi okil vk xbZA vc
Økafrdkjh Vksyh u s fu.kZ; fd;k fd xzaFk dk tYnh&ls&tYnh vaxszth Hkk’kk es a vuqokn fd;k tk,] vr% mlds dbZ v/;k;ks a
dks vyx&vyx O;fDr;ks a dks vuqokn ds fy, ckaV fn;k x;kA lqizfl˜ Økafrdkjh oh-oh-,l-v¸;j ds ekxZn”kZu eas baXyaSM
eas vkbZ-lh-,l vkSj ykW dh ijh{kk dh rS;kjh eas yxs gq, dqN e/s kkoh n”s kHkDr ejkBh Nk=ks a us “kh?kzkfr”kh?kz ejkBh xazFk dk
vaxszth :ikarj rS;kj dj fn;kA vc iqu% leL;k [kM+h gqbZ fd vaxszth xazFk dk eqnz.k dgka ls gks\ fczfV”k xqIrpj foHkkx

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dh lfØ;rk ds dkj.k baXyaSM ds fdlh Nkis[kku s eas Niokuk fujkin ugha FkkA isfjl mu fnuks a Hkkjrh; Økafrdkfj;ks a dk
x< + Fkk( fdarq ml le; rd teZuh ds fo:˜ Ýkal vkSj fczVsu dk xBca/ku gks pqdk FkkA vr% Ýkal ljdkj dk xqIrpj
foHkkx Hkh mu fnuks a fczfV”k ljdkj ds ncko es a Hkkjrh; Økafrdkfj;ks a ds ihNs iM+k gqvk FkkA th-,e- tks”kh dk dguk gS
fd ^^ Økafrdkfj;ks a u s fdlh izdkj gkWYkSaM ds ,d Nkis[kkus dks ;g xazFk Nkius ds fy, rS;kj dj fy;k vkSj fczfV”k xqIrpj
foHkkx dks va/ksj s eas j[ku s ds fy, izpkfjr dj fn;k fd iqLrd isfjl esa Ni jgh gSA** th-,e- tks”kh ds vuqlkj] ^^gkWySaM esa
Niu s ds ckn iqLrd dk iwjk laLdj.k Økafrdkfj;ks a ds Ýkal fLFkr fBdkuks a ij lqjf{kr igqap x;k] tgka ls mlds forj.k
dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA**
vc ge fnYyh ds jk’Vªh; vfHky[s kkxkj eas lqjf{kr Qkbyks a ij igqap tkr s gSaA bu Qkbyks a ds vuqlkj] U;w LdkWVySaM ;kMZ u s
6 uoacj] 1908 dks iqLrd ds Niu s dh fjiksVZ fczfV”k ljdkj dks nh] tks rqjar Hkkjr ljdkj dks Hksth xbZ 14 fnlacj]
1908 ds rRdkyhu fczfV”k ok;ljk; ykWMZ feaVks a u s vkns”k f;k fd iqLrd ds Hkkjr izos”k dks geas jksduk gksxkA xqIrpj
foHkkx ds funs”kd u s 18 fnlacj dks fy[kk fd fuLlansg ;g iqLrd cgqr vkifÙktud gksxh vkSj bls leqnz dLVEl ,sDV
dh /kkjk 19 ds varxZr izfrcaf/kr djuk Bhd gksxk vkSj ml ij y[s kd ds uke dh lgh tkudkjh izkIr djuk vko”;d
gSA ;g tkudkjh rHkh fey ldrh gS] tc ,p-,- LVqvVZ uked vf/kdkjh u s fVIi.kh fy[kh fd vPNk ;g gksxk fd ge
iksLV vkWfQl ,sDV ds varxZr uksfVl tkjh djsAa funs”kd] xqIrpj foHkkx lj ,MoMZ gsujh dks baXySaM dk xqIrpj foHkkx
iqLrd dk lgh uke irk yxkus es a vlQy jgkA varr 11 tuojh eas Nih gSA**
bls dgr s gSa va/ksjs eas rhj pykukA Hkkjrh; iksLV vkWfQl ds egkfuns”kd u s loky mBk;k fd ;fn og iqLrd ekjkBh
Hkk”kk es a gS rks cacbZ] e/; izkar o jktiqrkuk lfdZy ds Mkd[kkuks a eas gh mls jksdk tk ldsxk( D;ksfad vU; izkarks a eas
ejkBhHkk’kh deZpkjh miyC/k ugha gSaA 2 tuojh 1909 dks ,d u;k loky [kM+k gks x;k fd vxj og ejkBh iqLrd teZuh
ls Nidj Hkkjr vk jgh gS rks mls leqnzh Mkd es a gh jksduk gksxk( ij dkQh lksp&fopkj ds ckn iksLV vkWfQl ,sDv ds
varxZr gh iqLrd ij

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izfrca/k yxkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k( D;kafsd leqnz dLVEl ,sDV ds varxZr fy;s x, fdlh Hkh fu.kZ; dks baXySaM o ;wjksi
eas Hkh izpkfjr djuk iM+rk] ftlls ogka ds Hkkjrh; Økafrdkjh lrdZ gks tkr s gSaA
20 tqykbZ] 1909 dks ?kcjkbZ gqbZ cacbZ ljdkj u s Hkkjr ljdkj dks rkj Hkstk fd bl iqLrd ds forj.k dks jksduk
vR;kf/kd egÙoiw.kZ gS vkSj og iqLrd fdlh Hkh {k.k Hkkjh ek=k es a Hkkjr igqap ldrh gSA vr% ge Hkkjr ljdkj ls
fouezrkiwoZd Hkh[k ekaxr s gSa fd fcuk ,d {k.k dh njs h yxk, leqnz dLVEl ,sDV dh /kkjk 19 ds varxZr iqLrd ds Hkkjr
izos’k ij izfrca/k dk vkns’k tkjh djasA tgka rd iqLrd ds ifjp; dk laca/k gS] vHkh rd izkIr tkudkjh ds vuqlkj mls
Hkkjrh; fonzkgs ij fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj us fy[kk gSA iqLrd dks iwjh rjg ?ksju s dh nf`’V ls mldk ifjp; ;FkklaHko
O;kid dj fn;k tk,A vkns”k tkjh gksrs gh mls baXyaSM izsf’kr dj fn;k tk,A 21 tqykbZ] 1990 dks Hkkjr ljdkj ds
vf/kdkjh ,p-,-LVqvVZ u s fVIi.kh fy[kh fd iqLrd ejkBh eas gksus ds dkj.k cacbZ ljdkj cgqr ?kCkjkbZ gqbZ gSA vr% izpkj
dh ijokg u djds Hkh leqnz dLVEl ,sDV ds varxZr izfrca/k dk vkn’sk tkjh djuk mfpr jgsxkA fdarq ejs h tkudkjh gS
fd ml iqLrd ds vaxszth vkSj ejkBh nksuksa Hkk’kkvks a esa laLdj.k Ni pqds gSaA vaxszth laLdj.k dks yna u eas ,- cksUujs us
Nkik gSA iksLV vkWfQl ,sDV ds varxZr 11 tuojh dk vkns’k dsoy ejkBh laLdj.k ij ykxw gksrk gS] vr% vkn”s k dh
Hkk’kk eas la”kks/ku djuk gksxkA la”kksf/kr vkn”s k eas Hkk’kk j[kh tk,] ^Hkkjrh; fonzkgs ij fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj }kjk
ekjBh eas fyf[kr iqLrd ;k iSa¶ysV vkSj mldk vaxszth vuoq kn ;k :ikarjA*
lkFk gh LVqvVZ u s ;g Hkh fy[kk fd ^^cacbZ ljdkj dk ;g dFku fd ?kks’k.k&i= dks rqjar baXySaM lwfpr fd;k tk,]
iqufoZpkj pkgrk gSA esjs fopkj ls baXySaM lwpuk u Hksth tk,] D;ksfad iqLrd dh vf/kd&l&s vf/kd izfr;ks a dks tCr djus
ds fy, vko”;d gS fd baXySaM eas gh mldk tgkt ls ynku jksdk tk,A ogka uksfVl Hkstu s dk ifj.kke gksxk fd
lkojdj ds fe=x.k dks bldh tkudkjh gks tk,xh vkSj os izfrca/k ds vkn”s k ds mYya?ku ds u,&u, jkLrs [kkst yasxsA**
mlh fnu 21 tqykbZ dks fØfeuy baVsfytsal ds mi&funs”kd ,-ch- cukZMZ u s fyf[kr lwpuk nh fd gekjh tkudkjh ds
vuqlkj lkojdj dh iqLrd dk vHkh rd dsoy vaxszth laLdj.k gh Ni ik;k gS vkSj mldk “kh’kZd* 1857 dh Økafr dk
bfrgkl* ;k ^1857 dk bfrgkl* j[kk x;k gSA iqLrd dk izdk”ku dk;Z 24 twu rd iw.kZ gks tkuk FkkA vr% vxyh Mkd
ls mlds Hkkjr igqapus dh iwjh laHkkouk gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd mldh izfr;ka igy s gh jokuk dh tk pqdh gSa vkSj bl
le; jkLrs

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eas gksxa hA vr% vkns”k dks rkj }kjk baXySaM Hkstu s ls Hkh iqLrdks a dk tgkt ij ynku jksdk ugha tk ldsxkA 22 tqykbZ dks
Hkkjr ljdkj ds ,d vf/kdkjh ,e-,e-,l- xqCck; u s vkifÙk mBkbZ fd iqLrd ds fooj.k dh Hkk”kk leqnhz dLVEl ,sDV
dh /kkjk 19 ds fy, i;kZIr ugh a gSA bl dkuuw h vkifÙk u s Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkeus u;k ladV [kM+k dj fn;kA D;k os
dkuuw h vko”;drk dks iwjh dju s ds fy, iqLrd dks viuh vka[kks a ls n[s ku s rd izrh{kk djrs jgsa\ bldk vFkZ gksxk Hkkjr
eas iqLrd dk izos”k] ftls jksdus ds fy os Ng eghu s ls ;g O;k;ke dj jgs gSaA cacbZ ljdkj vxy s gh {k.k vkn’sk tkjh
gksus ds fy, NViVk jgh FkhA fnu Hkj dh ekFkk&iPph ds ckn ljdkj u s 22 tqykbZ] 1909 dks FkksM+ s la”kks/ku ds ckn
iqLrd dk fooj.k nus s ds fy, fuEufyf[kr “kCnkoyh dks viuk;k&
^^Hkkjrh; fonkzsg ds ckjs eas oh-Mh- lkojdj }kjk ejkBh es a fyf[kr iqLrd ;k iSa¶ysV] ftlds teZuh es a Niu s dh fjiksVZ
feyh gS vkSj mldk vaxszth vuqoknA** 23 tqykbZ] 1909 dh bl “kCnkoyh ds lkFk leqnhz dLVEl ,sDV dh /kkjk 19 ds
varxZr iqLrd ij izfrca/k dk vkn”s k varr% tkjh dj fn;k x;kA
jk’Vªh; vfHky[s kkxkj eas lqjf{kr ljdkjh Qkbyks a ls miyC/k Okk;ljk; Lrj rd dh bu mPp&Lrjh; fVIif.k;ks a ls Li’V
gksrk gS fd 6 uoacj] 1908 ls 23 tqykbZ] 1909 rd iwjs ukS eghu s fczfV”k xqIrpj foHkkx ,oa Hkkjr ljdkj th&rksM+
dksf”k”k djds Hkh iqLrd dh Hkk’kk] “kh’kZd] eqnz.k LFkku ,oa ml izdkf”kr ys[kd ds uke ds ckj s eas lgh tkudkjh ugha ik
lds vkSj va/ksjs eas gh rhj pykrs jgsA izdk”ku ds iwoZ gh fdlh iqLrd ij izfrca/k yxku s dh fczfV”k ljdkj dh bl
grk”k dk;Zokgh u s mls cgqr gkL;kLin fLFkfr eas yk fn;kA vfHkO;fDr&Lokra«; dh vyecjnkj gksus dk f<<a ksjk fo”o Hkj
eas ihVusokyh viuh ljdkj dh odkyr djus eas fczfV”k lekpkj&i= ,oa cqf˜thoh Lo;a dks vleFkZ iku s yxsA bl ij
lkojdj u s lokZf/kd izfrf’Br nSfud ^n yna u VkbEl* eas laiknd ds uke i= fy[kdj fczfV”k ljdkj ij rh[kk O;aX;
rhj pyk fn;kA lkojdj us fy[kk&^^fczfV”k vf/kdkfj;ks a u s Lohdkj fd;k gS f dos fu”p;iwoZd ugha dg ldrs fd og
iqLrd vHkh Nih gS fd ughaA ;fn ,slk gS rks ljdkj us ;g dSls tku fy;k f dog iqLrd Hk;kog jktnzksgkRed gS\ D;ks a
os mlds Niu s ;k izdk”ku ds iwoZ gh mls izfrcaf/kr djus ds fy, nkSM+ iM+s\ ;k rks ljdkj ds ikl ikaMqfyfi ds izfr gS
;k ugha gSA ;fn muds ikl ikaMqfyfi dh izfr gS rks os eq> ij jktnzkgs dk eqdnek D;ks a ugha pykrs] D;ksfad muds lkeus
;gh ,dek= oS/kkfud jkLrk [kqyk jg tkrk gSA vkSj ;fn muds ikl ikaMqfyfi dh izfr gS gh ugh arks os ftl iqLrd ds
ckj s eas viq’V vQokgks a ;k mM+rh ckrks a ds vykok dqN

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