1 Title: Diversity of dromedary camel coronavirus HKU23 in African camels revealed 1 multiple recombination events among closely related Betacoronaviruses of the subgenus 2 Embecovirus. 3 Authors: Ray T. Y. So, a Daniel K. W. Chu,a Eve Miguel,b,c, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera,a 4 Jamiu O. Oladipo,a,d Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri,e Gelagay Aylet,f Ronald L. W. Ko,a Ziqi Zhou,a 5 Mo-Sheung Cheng,a Sulyman A. Kuranga,d François L. Roger,b,g Veronique Chevalier, b,h 6 Richard J. Webby,i Patrick C. Y. Woo,a Leo L. M. Poon,a Malik Peiris. a# 7 aSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 8 Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China; 9 b Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale 10 en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche 11 Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France; 12 cMaladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, L’Institut de 13 Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS, Universitè de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, 14 France; 15 d Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; 16 e Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, 17 Morocco; 18 f Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health 19 Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 20 g Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand; 21 h Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 22 i St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; 23 j Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong 24 Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China; 25 26 Running Head: Recombination of coronavirus HKU23 in African camels. 27 28 Keywords: Coronaviruses, Betacoronaviruses, recombination, phylogeny, Dromedary camels 29 JVI Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 18 September 2019 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01236-19 Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. on September 23, 2019 at ECCLES HEALTH SCIENCES http://jvi.asm.org/ Downloaded from 2 30 #Address correspondence to: Malik Peiris, School of Public Health, The University of Hong 31 Kong, E mail: