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2019 - അരുണാചലമുതലിയാരുടെ വിദ്യാവിലാസം അച്ചുകൂടം PDF

2019·0.79 MB·Malayalam
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Preview 2019 - അരുണാചലമുതലിയാരുടെ വിദ്യാവിലാസം അച്ചുകൂടം

ae-bmfw dntk¿®v tPW¬ 4387 sF.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F≥.˛0974- 1984 jnPp A-e-Iv-kv, B¿.-F≥.-sF. \w. sI.-C.-B¿.-_n.-sF.-F¬. 2008/24527 kn-_p kn.sP., F¬.-kn.-kn.-F≥. 2013-˛318190 hm.12, e. 2 sabv-˛-Hm-KÃv 2019, ]p. 4387˛4411 kp-\n¬ hn.Fkv. ap-≠-°-b-sØ... ae-bmfw dntk¿®v tPW¬ hmeyw 12, e°w 2 sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 jnPp A-e-Iv-kv, kn-_p kn.sP., kp-\n¬ hn.Fkv. NX- pc- ¶- ]- ´- W- w Ac- pW- mN- e- a- pX- e- nb- mcpsS hn-Zym-hn-em-kw -A-®p-Iq-Sw kw-{K-lw Cu {]-_-‘-Øn¬ Xm-sg ]-d-bp-∂ Im-cy-߃ k-a¿-Yn-°p-∂p: 1. hn-Zym-hn-em-kw A-®p-Iq-S-Øn-\v Xp-S-°-an-´-Xv tIm-gn-t°m-Sv ap≥- kn-^v B-bn-cp-∂ A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm¿ B-Wv. Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ ap-X-en-bm¿ B-Wv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw A-®p-Iq-S-Øn-\v Xp-S-°-an-´-sX-∂ N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cp-sS A`n-{]mbw icn-b-√. 2. A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm-cp-sS A-—-s‚-bpw a-Is‚-bpw t]-cv H-∂pX-s∂ B-bn-cp-∂p˛Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm¿. ap-Ø-—-s‚-bpw sN-dp-a-Is‚-bpw t]-cv H-∂pX-s∂-sb-∂v hn-th-Nn-®-dn-bm-™-XpsIm- ≠m-Wv Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm-cm-Wv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]- v jnPp A-e-Iv-kv ([email protected]), kn-_p kn.sP. ([email protected]), kp-\n¬ hn.Fkv. ([email protected]). 4388 Xp-S-ßn-b-sX-∂ sX-‰n-≤m-c-W D-≠m-b-Xv. b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬ ap-Ø-—≥ Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm-cp-sS a-I≥ A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm-cpw, ae-bmfw A-cp-Wm-N-e-Øn-s‚ a-I≥ Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm-cpw B-bn-cp- dntk¿®v tPW¬ ∂p Hm-tcm Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]- n-s‚ \-S-Øn-∏p- hmeyw 12, e°w 2 Im¿. sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 3. A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm¿-°m-bn-cp-∂p k¿-°m¿ D-tZym-Kw D- ≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. A-t±-lw 1850 sXm-s´-¶n-epw tIm-gn-t°m-Sv tIm-S-Xn- bn¬ D-tZym-K-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p. G-I-tZ-iw 1865˛'66 t\m-Sv A-Sp-Øv A- t±-lw tIm-gn-t°m-Sv ap≥-kn-^v B-bn-cp-∂p. ap-Ø-—-\m-b/sN-dp-a-I- \m-b Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm¿ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv ap≥-kn-^v B-bn-cp- ∂p F-∂ N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cp-sS hm-Z-hpw kzoImcy-a√. 4. A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm¿ hn-Zym-hn-em-kw Xp-S-ßp-tºmƒ A- sXm-cp- I-√-®p-Iq-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu I-√-®p-Iq-S-Øn-se A-®-Sn{i-a-߃- °pti-jw 1860˛1861¬ a-t©-cn-bn¬ H-cp se-‰¿ {]- v ÿm-]n-®p. Xp- S¿-∂v 1864˛¬ B A-®p-Iq-Sw tIm-gn-t°m-t´-°v am-‰n. 1864 sXm-´v tIm- gn-t°m-Sp\n-∂m-Wv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]-h¿-Øn-®-Xv. a-t©-cn-bn¬ se- ‰¿ {]- v ÿm-]n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv F-∂ N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cp-sS hm-Zw icn-b-√. 5. 1907˛t\m-S-Sp-Øv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]- n-s‚ H-cp im-J X-e-t»- cn-bn¬ Xp-S-ßn. 6. 1945 h-sc-sb-¶n-epw hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]- n-s‚ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv im-J {]-h¿-Øn-®p. A-Xp-t]m-se 1977 h-sc-sb-¶n-epw X-e-t»-cn-bn- se hn-Zym-hn-em-k-hpw {]-h¿-Øn-®p. Xm-t°m¬ hm-°p-Iƒ hnZymh- ne- mkw , I√®- Sn , se‰- ¿ {] v (Vidyavilasam) (lithograph) , A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm¿ , (letter press) (Arunachala Muthaliyar) F¬.Fkv. cm-aø¿ (L.S. Ramayyar) B-ap-Jw a e- _- md- n¬ ÿm]- n°- s- ∏´- , anj- \- d- na- mc- pt- SX- √- mØ- , BZ- ys- Ø A-®p-Iq-Sw B-bn-cp-∂ hn-Zym-hn-em-k-sØ-°p-dn-®v, sI.Fw. tKm-hn A-S-°-ap-≈ a-e-bm-fw A-®-SnN-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿, a-e-bm-fw A-®-SnN-cn- {X-Øn¬ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈ hn-h-c-߃ Xm-sg ]-d-bp-∂ {]-Im- cw kw-{K-ln-°mw: Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm¿ ÿm-]n-® hn-Zym-hn-em-kw A-®p-Iq- Sw Xp-S-°-Øn¬ a-t©-cn-bn-epw Xp-S¿-∂v tIm-gn-t°m-Sp-am-bn {]-h¿- Øn-®n-cp-∂p. 1860˛1861˛¬ a-t©-cn-bn¬ B-cw-`n-® se-‰¿ {]- v A-®- Sn-tbm-sS-bm-Wv C-∂v A-dn-bp-∂ {]-Im-cw hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]-h¿-Ø- 4389 \w Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv. Xp-S¿-∂v 1864˛¬ {]- v tIm-gn-t°m-t´-°v am-‰n. {]- jnPp A-e-Iv-kv,  n-s‚ ]n-∂n¬ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv ap≥-kn-^v B-bn-cp-∂ Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b- kn-_p kn.sP., ∏ap-X-en-bm-cpw a-I≥ A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm-cpw B-bn-cp-∂p. ]-e kp-\n¬ hn.Fkv. ]pc- mW- I- rX- nI- f- pw sslμ- h- ]›- mØ- e- a- p≈- IrX- nI- f- pw tIc- f- Ø- n¬ N-Xp-c-¶-]-´-Ww... B-Zy-am-bn A-®-Sn-®-Xv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw A-®p-Iq-S-Øn¬ B-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bmfw dntk¿®v tPW¬ 1850-˛- I-fn¬ tI-c-f-Øn-epw a-‰p {]-tZ-i-ß-fn-epw an-j-\-dn-am-cp-tS- hmeyw 12, e°w 2 X-√m-Ø A-®p-Iq-S-߃ A-[n-I-an-√. 1836˛¬ Xp-S-ßn-b Xn-cp-hn-Xmw- sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 Iq¿ k¿-°m¿ A-®p-Iq-Sw, 1844˛¬ Xp-S-ßn-b Nm-h-d-b-®-s‚ am-∂m-\- sØ A-®p-Iq-Sw,1853˛¬ Xp-S-ßn-b Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw tI-c-f-hn-em-kw A-®p-Iq-Sw Xp-S-ßn-b-h B-Wv A-h. ]-sØm-º-Xpw C-cp-]-Xpw\q-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ hn-]p-e-am-b tXm-Xn¬ H-∂n-e-[n-Iw im-J-I-tfm-sS h-S-°≥ tI-c-f-Øn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂ hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]- n-s‚ A-dn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø N-cn-{Xw A-\m-h-c-Ww sN-øm≥ Cu {]-_-‘w {i-an-°p-∂p. hn-Zym-hn-em-kw A-®p-Iq-S-Øn- s‚ ÿm-]-I-sc kw-_-‘n-®pw, B-cw-`n-® h¿-j-sØ kw-_-‘n- ®pw, F-hn-sS G-Xv X-cw A-®-Sn D-]-tbm-Kn-®p F-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®pw Nn-e sX-‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ N-cn-{X-]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn-ep-≠v. R-߃-°p e- `n-® sX-fn-hp-I-sf A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n, \n-e-hn-se h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ hn-i- I-e-\w sN-bv-Xv Cu hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ hy-‡-X h-cp-Øp-I F-∂-Xpw Cu {]-_-‘-Øn-s‚ D-t±-iy-am-Wv. tI-c-f-Øn¬ (ap-ºv Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿˛sIm-®n˛a-e-_m¿) 1850˛I- fn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂ en-tØm-{K-^n A-®p-Iq-Sw (I-√-®v) Kp-≠¿-´n-t‚- Xpam-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv B-Zy-Im-e- [m-c-W. 1855˛60 Im-e- b-f-hn¬ ap-≠-°-b-Øv H-cp en-tØm-{K-^n A-®p-Iq-Sw {]-h¿-Øn-®n- cp-∂p F-∂v R-ß-fp-sS ap≥-{]-_-‘-Øn¬ (ap-≠-°-bw˛a-e-bm-f A-®-Sn-bn-se A-dn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø N-cn-{Xw) sX-fn-bn-®n-´p-≠v. hn-Zym-hn- em-kw {]- n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ R-ß-fp-sS A-t\z-j-Ww, 1860˛\v sXm- ´p-ap-ºv aq-∂m-a-sXm-cp I-√-®p-Iq-SwIq-Sn {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂p F-∂-Xn- s‚ sX-fn-hp-I-fm-Wv \¬-Ip-∂-Xv. hn-Zym-hn-em-kw I-√-®p-Iq-Sw; A-Xn-s‚ ÿm-]-\-h¿-jw hn-Zym-hn-em-k-Øn-s‚ ]n-d-hn-sb-∏-‰n sI.Fw. tKm-hn F-gp-Xn- bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv Xm-sg-∏-d-bpw {]-Im-c-am-Wv: ""hn-Zym-hn-em-kw X-an-gv-\m-´n¬\n-∂v h-∂ N-Xp-c¶-]-´-Ww Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-k-en-bm-cpw a-I≥ A-cp-Wm-N-e-hpwIq-Sn B-cw-`n- ®-Xm-Wv'' (sI.Fw. tKm-hn 1998: 139). tImg- nt- °mS- v ap≥k- n^- mb- nc- p∂- Imf- l- k- vX- nb- ∏- apX- e- nb- m¿, k¿- °m¿ D-tZym-K-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ t\-cn-´p sN-øm-sX a-I-\m-b A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm-cp-sS t]-cn¬ {]- v \-S-Øn F-∂v tKm-hn Du- ln-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p (1998:140). D-≈q-cn-s\ D-≤-cn-®v tKm-hn C-ß- s\-bpw ]-d-bp-∂p: ""hn-Zym-hn-em-kw (tIm-gn-t°m-Sv): C-cp-]-Xmw\q-‰m- ≠n-epw tI-c-fo-b {]-km-[\cw-K-Øv k-Po-h-km-∂n-[yw \n-e-\n-Øn- 4390 b hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]- v ap≥-kn-^v Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm¿ sIm- ae-bmfw √-h¿-jw 1036˛¬ tIm-gn-t°mSv ÿm-]n-®p-sh-∂m-Wv D-≈q¿ ]-c-ta- dntk¿®v tPW¬ izc- ø- ¿ tcJ- s- ∏S- pØ- p∂- X- v (sI.Fw. tKmh- n 1998: 139; D≈- q¿ 1990:284). hmeyw 12, e°w 2 1861˛¬ Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm¿ F-s∂m-cp ssh-tZ-in-I-\m- sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 Wv tIm-gn-t°m-Svv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]-kv ÿm-]n-®-sX-∂m-Wv ]n. sP. tXm-a-kpw A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. (1989:298) ap-I-fn¬-∏-d-™ aq-∂pt]-cp-sS-bpw A-`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ hn-Zym-hn-em- kw A-®p-Iq-Sw 1860˛61 Im-e-b-f-hn-em-Wv ÿm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]- t£ hn-Zym-hn-em-k-Øn-s‚ N-cn-{Xw 1860˛\pw ]n-∂n-te-°v t]m-Ip- ∂p F-∂v Im-Wn-°p-∂ sX-fn-hp-Iƒ C-t∏mƒ e-`y-am-Wv. 1859˛¬ hn- Zym-hn-em-k-Øn-s‚ I-√-®p-Iq-S-Øn¬\n-∂p A-®-Sn-® Xm-sg ]-d-bp- ∂ c-≠p]p-kv-X-I-߃ R-߃-°v {_n-´o-jv sse-{_-dn-bn¬\n-∂p I-s≠-Øm-\m-bn: H∂v,1859˛¬ ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b A-a-c-knw-lw. Cu ]p-kv-X-I-sØ- °p-dn-®p-≈ ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-sfm-∂pw F-hn-sS-bpw I-≠n-´n-√. c≠v,1859˛¬X-s∂ ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b kv-Xp-Xn-sNm-Δm-I-s∏-´ kp-dn- bm-\n-{In-kv-Xym-\n-°m-cp-sS \-a-k-v-Im-c-{I-a-߃. Cu ]p-kv-X-I-sØ- °p-dn-®v a-e-¶-ck-`-bp-sS am¿ Zn-hm-∂ym-tkm-kv sa-{Xm-t]m-eo-Ø F-∂ ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ Fw.]n. h¿-°n (1901: 11) ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-´p-s≠- ¶n-epw G-Xv h¿-j-am-Wv C-Xv A-®-Sn-®-sX-∂v Fw.]n. h¿-°n tc-J- s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√. ]t£ Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏-bp-sS I-√-®p-Iq-S-Øn-em-Wv {]-kv-Xp-X ]p-kv-X-Iw A-®-Sn-®-Xv F-∂v Fw.]n. h¿-°n tc-J-s∏-Sp- Øn-bn-´p-≠v. a-e-bm-fw A-®-SnN-cn-{Xw ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-X-h¿ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øm- Xn-cp-∂ kw-K-Xn-bm-Wv hn-Zym-hn-em-k-Øn-s‚ I-√-®p-Iq-Sw; A-h¿ se-‰¿ {]- n-s‚ Im-cywam-{X-ta ]-d-™n-´p-≈q. Cu c-≠p sX-fn-hp- Iƒ \-ap-°p e-`n-®-tXm-sS hn-Zym-hn-em-k-Øn-s‚ I-√-®p-Iq-SN-cn-{Xw Iq-sS sh-fn-hm-Ip-∂p. hn-Zym-hn-em-k-Øn-\v I-√-®p-Iq-Sw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v 1859˛¬ ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b Cu c-≠p ]p-kv-X-I-߃am-{Xwsh-®v ÿm-]n-°m≥ F-fp-∏-am-sW-¶n-epw, ]-t£ C-Xpam-{Xwsh-®v hn-Zym-hn-em-kw I-√- ®p-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ ÿm-]-\-h¿-jw I-s≠-Øm≥ km[y-a-√. 1859˛tem A-Xn-\p-ap-tºm B-bn-cp-∂p hn-Zym-hn-em-kw Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv F-∂p km- am-\y-am-bn {]-kv-Xm-hn-°m≥am-{X-ta \n-e-hn¬ \-ap-°m-hq. Fw.]n. h¿-°n-bp-sS ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ ""bu-tk-∏p I-Ø-\m-cp D-S-s\ tIm-gn- t°m-Sp t]m-bn Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm-cp-sS I-√-®n¬ ]p-kv-X-Iw A-®-Sn-®p'' F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-\m¬ I-√-®p-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ {]-kn-≤n bu- tk-∏p I-Ø-\m-cp-sS ÿ-e-am-b Ip-∂w-Ip-fwh-sc F-Øn-bn-cp-∂p F-∂pw; B {]-kn-≤n Ipd™ Ime-Øn\p-≈n¬ kw-`-hn-®-X-√ F- ∂pw Du-ln-°mw. A-Xp-sIm-≠v, kv-Xp-Xn-sNm-Δm-I-s∏-´ kp-dn-bm-\n- {In-kv-Xym-\n-°m-cp-sS \-a-k-v-Im-c-{I-a-߃ F-∂ B ]p-kv-X-Iw A- ®-Sn-® 1859˛\v A-¬∏w h¿-j-߃ap-ºpX-s∂ hn-Zym-hn-em-kw I-√- ®p-Iq-Sw {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂p F-∂-Xn-\v km-[y-X-tb-sd-bm-Wv. 4391 jnPp A-e-Iv-kv, kn-_p kn.sP., kp-\n¬ hn.Fkv. N-Xp-c-¶-]-´-Ww... ae-bmfw dntk¿®v tPW¬ hmeyw 12, e°w 2 sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 1859˛¬ AcpWmNeapXenbmcpsS hnZymhnemkw A®pIqSØn¬\n∂p ]pdØndßnb Aacknwlw F∂ ]pkvXIØns‚ io¿jIØmƒ. 4392 ae-bmfw dntk¿®v tPW¬ hmeyw 12, e°w 2 sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 1859˛¬ AcpWmNeapXenbmcpsS hnZymhnemkw A®pIqSØn¬\n∂p ]pdØndßnb kvXpXn sNmΔmIs∏´ kpdnbm\n IrkvXym\n°mcpsS \akv Imc{Ia߃ F∂ ]pkvXIØns‚ io¿jIØmƒ. hn-Zym-hn-em-kw I-√-®p-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ Ir-Xy-am-b ÿm-]-\-h¿-j-hpw 4393 A-hn-sS\n-∂p ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b Iq-Sp-X¬ ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fpw Xp-S¿K-th- jnPp A-e-Iv-kv, j-W-Øn¬ I-s≠-tØ-≠ kw-K-Xn-I-fm-Wv. kn-_p kn.sP., kp-\n¬ hn.Fkv. N-Xp-c-¶-]-´-Ww... ÿm-]-I≥ ae-bmfw dntk¿®v tPW¬ hmeyw 12, e°w 2 ]n¬-°m-e ]p-kv-X-I/A-®-Sn N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿, "hn-Zym-hn-em-kw' sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 A-®-Sn-im-eÿm-]-I-s\ kw-_-‘n-®v, D-≈q¿ F-kv. ]-c-ta-iz-c-ø¿, ]n.sP. tXm-a-kv, sI.Fw. tKm-hn F-∂n-h¿ ]-d-™ Im-cy-߃ B-h¿-Øn-°p-Iam-{X-am-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. ]n.sI. cm-P-ti-J-c≥ 2015˛¬ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-® _p-Iv-Ãmƒ-Pn-b F-∂ ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ C-ß-s\ ]-d-bp-∂p: ""tI-c-f-Øn¬ a-e-bm-f]p-kv-X-I-߃ A-®-Sn-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn \m- ev-]-Xp-h¿-j-tØm-f-am-bn-t´ B-[p-\n-I-a-e-bm-fw kr-„n-® Xp-©-sØ- gp-Ø-—-s\ A-®-Sn-bn-te-°p sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ B-sc-¶n-epw Hm¿-Ωn-®p- ≈q. Hm¿-Ø-Xm-I-s´ a-e-bm-fn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. H-cp X-an-g-\m-Wv A- Xp-tXm-∂n-b-Xv. B X-an-g-t\m-Sv, N-Xp-cw-K-]-´-Ww Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ ap-X-en-bm¿ F-∂ B ap≥-kn-^n-t\m-Spw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ a-I≥ A-cp- Wm-N-ew ap-X-en-bm-tcm-Spw, Xo¿-Øm¬ Xo-cm-Ø I-S-∏m-Sp-≠v a-e- bm-fn-Iƒ-°v'' (]n.sI. cm-P-ti-J-c≥ 2015; 40, 41). tIm-gn-t°m-Sv ap≥-kn-^v B-bn-cp-∂ Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm- cm-Wv hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]-kv ÿm-]n-®-sX-∂ sI.Fw. tKm-hn, D-≈q¿ F-kv. ]-c-ta-iz-c-ø¿, ]n.sP. tXm-a-kv, ]n.sI. cm-P-ti-J-c≥ F-∂n-h-cp-sS {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ ]p-Xn-b sX-fn-hp-I-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\- Øn¬ ]p-\x-]-cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hn-Zym-hn-em-kw {]-kn¬\n-∂v A-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°-Øn¬ ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn-sem-∂pw 1859˛¬ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xpamb kv-Xp-Xn-sNm-Δm-I-s∏-´ kp-dn-bm-\n-{In- kv-Xym-\n-°m-cp-sS \-a-k-v-Im-c-{I-a-ßfn¬ {]-km-[-I-s\-°p-dn-®v tc- J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv C-ß-s\-bm-Wv: ""C-X˛a˛cm-˛cm˛N-Xp-c-¶-]-´-Ww Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm-c A- h¿-I-fp-sS a-I≥ sIm-gn-s°m-S knhn¬ sk-j≥ sIm-S-Xn in-c-kv- sX-Zm¿ A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm-cp-sS hn-Zym-hn-em-k A-®p-°q-S-Øn¬ A®- S- n°- s- ∏´- p˛1859˛mw h¿jw am¿® amk- w˛- {]n≥S- ¿ bi- mb- (1859:)'' I ap-I-fn-se {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bn¬\n-∂v k¿-°m¿ D-tZym-Kw A-cp-Wm- N-e-ap-X-en-bm¿-°v B-sW-∂p a-\- n-em-°mw. C-\n, 1862˛¬ a-t©- cn-bn-se se-‰¿ {]- n¬\n-∂v C-d-ßn-b a-lm-`m-c-Xw]m-´v F-∂ Ir- Xn-bnse {]-km-[-IhnhcØn\v ASpØ t]Pv ImWp-I. hn-Zym-hn-em-k-Øn-s‚ B-Zy-Im-e ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn-se sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- °p]p-d-ta, 1866˛se _m-k¬an-j≥ ]-©mw-K-Øn¬ (Basel Mission 1866:32), A-°m-e-sØ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv ap≥-kn-^v B-bn-cp∂ A-cp-Wm- Ne- apX- e- nb- mc- ps- S t]c- v tcJ- s- ∏S- pØ- nb- n´- p≠- v (AS- pØ t]Pv ImWp- I). C-Xn-\m¬ k¿-°m¿ D-tZym-K-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X- en-bm¿X-s∂ B-bn-cp-∂p F-∂-Xv D-d-∏n-°mw. 4394 ae-bmfw dntk¿®v tPW¬ hmeyw 12, e°w 2 sabv˛Hm-K-kv‰v 2019 NXpc¶]´Ww ImflkvXnb∏apXenbmc Ah¿IfpsS aI≥ AcpWmNe apXenbmc ... X∂psS hnZymhnemk A®p°qSØn¬ A®Sn∏n®X. as©cn 1862˛mw h¿jw AsŒm_¿ amkw. alm`- mc- Xw ]m´v F∂ ]pkvXI- Ø- ns‚ io¿jI- Ø- mƒ. 1866˛se _m-k¬an-j≥ ]-©mw-K-Øns‚ {]k-‡-`mKw ta¬-∏-d-™ sX-fn-hp-I-fn¬\n-∂v Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm-c-√, a-dn-®v A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm-cm-Wv tIm-gn-t°m-Sv tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ ap≥- kn-^v B-bn-cp-∂-Xv F-∂pw A-cp-Wm-N-eap-X-en-bm¿X-s∂-bm-Wv {]-  n-s‚ D-S-a F-∂pw hy-‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. Im-f-l-kv-Xn-b-∏ap-X-en-bm- cm-bn-cp-∂p tIm-gn-t°m-Sv ap≥-kn-^v F-∂-Xv N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ sX-‰m- bn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv.

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