കാതോലിക്കേറ്റ് പുനഃസ്ഥാപന ശതാബ്ദി സ്മരണിക (2012)

2012·3.1 MB·Malayalam

by  Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

2012
A¬amb thZn ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\
iXm_vZn kvacWnI
FUnt‰mdnb¬ t_m¿Uv
sI. hn. G{_lmw sImSphØv
({]knU‚v)
^oent∏mkv t]m´bv°mhben¬
(No^v FUn‰¿)
tPm¿÷v amXyp N°me∏dºn¬
tXmakv Nm≠n
_m_p th´pthen¬
tP°_v Ipcy≥ ssaem¶¬
]n.Fw. tPm¿÷v ]mtd°Shn¬
FUnt‰mdnb¬ I¨kƒ´‚v
tUm. Fw. Ipcy≥ tXmakv
Unssk\nwKv & {]n‚nwKv
FkvsP At m ntb‰vkv, tIm´bw
t^m¨: 0481˛2300519
For Private Circulation only
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
2
Website: www.mosc.in Telephone : [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] Fax : [phone]
The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
CATHOLICATE OF THE EAST
BASELIOS MARTHOMA PAULOSE II CATHOLICATE PALACE
CATHOLICOS OF KOTTAYAM - 686 038
THE APOSTOLIC THRONE OF KERALA, INDIA
ST. THOMAS
AND MALANKARA METROPOLITAN
\hw_¿ 20, 2012
Biwk
ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS 1960˛mw hm¿jn-Ihpw, ae-¶-c-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v
ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xns‚ iXm-_vZnbpw temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ k`m-a-°ƒ kap-Nn-X-ambn BN-cn-°p-I-bm-W-
t√m. {InkvXp Xe-bm-bp≈ icocw F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]q¿Æ ssZhm-{i-b-tØmSpw, ka¿∏-W-tØm-Spw-
IqsS ssZho-I-X-bn-te°v hf-cp-hm-\p≈ hnfn-bmWv ]. k`bv°v e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]. k`-bp-sS
kzmX-{¥yhpw kzbw io¿j-I-Xzhpw kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw Dds° {]Jym-]n-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-
k-c-amWnXv. ]cn-ip-≤m-fl \nd-hn-te°v hf-cp-∂Xn\pw, hn. IqZm-i-I-fn-eqsSbpw t\mºv, \a-kvImcw
F∂n-h-bn-eq-sSbpw {]m]n-°p∂ ssZh-Ir]tbmsS, \nXy-Po-h-\v Hml-cn-°m¿ F∂-\n-e-bn¬, \ΩpsS
ZuXyw ]q¿Æ-hn-iz-kvX-X-tbmsS \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\pw Cu Ah-kcw \sΩ IqSp-X-embn {]tNm-Zn-∏n-
°-s´. kºq¿Æ-amb ssZhm-{i-b-tØmSpw ]. k`-tbm-Sp≈ XnI™ hnt[-b-Xz-tØmSpwIqsS sh√p-
hnf- nI- sf t\cn´v kXyh- ni- zmkw Dd∏- n® \ΩpsS ]nXm°- ∑- mc- psS a≤yÿ- X cm]I- ¬ \ap°v Imhepw
tIm´bpw Bbn-cn-°-s´. ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°-s´.
_t -en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
3
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
4
apJ°pdn∏v
A¬ambthZn BZyambn´mWv Hcp kvacWnI
{]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv. ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn
F∂ al\ob kµ¿`w RßtfmSv AXv Bhiys∏Sp∂p
F∂ hnizmkØnemWv Cu I¿Øhyw Gs‰SpØXv. CuSp‰
teJ\ßfneqsS Cu kvacWnIsb t]mjn∏n® taev]´°m¿,
sshZnI¿, Aevamb°m¿ F∂nh¿°pw ]cky߃ \¬In
klmbn® A`ypZbImw£nItfmSpw R߃ ISs∏´n-
cn°p∂p. A®Sn kw_‘amb Imcy߃ kabtØmSv
a’cn®p \SØnb Fkv.sP. {]nt‚gvknt\mSpap≈ \µn
{]tXyIw tcJs∏SpØp∂p.
]ckyßtfmsS A¬ambthZn {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv
BZyambn´mWv. ]ckyw \¬Inbh¿, A¬ambthZntbmSp≈
sFIyZm¿Uyw F∂ \nebv°mWv AXv \¬InbXv. B
kvt\lw Rßsf IqSpX¬ hn\bm\znXcm°p∂p.
FUnt‰mdnb¬ t_m¿Uv
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
5
CCCCC OOOOO NNNNN TTTTT EEEEE NNNNN TTTTT SSSSS
Imt\m-\nI ImtXm-en-t°‰pw ae-¶-c-bnse BtLm-jhpw˛tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ bqenbtbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ...........7
ImtXment°‰v ˛˛ Nne iXm_vZn Nn¥Iƒ ˛ tUm. tXmakv am¿ AØm\mtkymkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ.............................19
A_vZ¬ aviolm apX¬ A_vZ¬ aviolm hsc ˛ tUm. Fw. Ipcy≥ tXmakv............................................................................29
ae¶cbnse ImtXment°‰v ÿm]\w Hcp Ncn-{Xm-h-tem-I\w -˛ ^m. tUm. tPm¨kv F{_lmw tIm\m-´v....................25
ae¶c ImtXment°‰v iXm_vZnbpw A\p_‘ Nn¥Ifpw ˛ ^m. tUm. tP°_v Ipcy≥.....................................................33
Identity, purpose and future of the Church; A reflection on the occasion of
the Catholicate centenary - Fr. Dr. Bijesh Philip .......................................................................................................41
A¬amb]¶mfnØw \q‰m≠pIfneqsS ˛ sI.hn. G{_lmw, sImSphØv......................................................................................46
ImtXment°‰v ÿm]\Øn\v t{]cIamb kmaqlyLSI߃ ˛ tXmakv Nm≠n....................................................................48
ImtXmen°m F∂psNm√n hmgvØnb ˛ tXmakv Ipdnbmt°mkv.......................................................................................................50
A®\pw sIm®\pw ˛ amØp°p´n®mb≥......................................................................................................................................................57
ImtXm-en-t°‰v iZm_vZn thf-bn¬ `mcX \{kmWn ]cn-Nn¥\w sNtø-≠-sX¥v ˛ Sn.sI......................................................63
]cnip≤ ImtXmen°m_mhbpsS ssI ]m{Xn°ok∑mcpw sa{Xm∑mcpw apØWw ˛ khykmNn......................................67
am¿tØmΩmknwlmk\hpw ImtXment°‰pw ˛ h{PkqNn..................................................................................................................68
]: h´t»cn ]nXmhv 1932 Pqsse 9˛mwXobXnbnse tIcf tIkcn ]{XØn¬ {]kn≤s∏SpØnb
ImtXmen°m knwlmk\ ]cma¿i\ßfpsS {]k‡`mK߃ ˛ kºmZI≥: Ae≥ ]≈n°m∏dºn¬.......................72
iXm_vZn Nn¥Iƒ ˛ tPmk^v AeIvkm≠¿ (k`m amt\PnwKv IΩn‰nbwKw)...........................................................................73
ae¶ck`bpsS icnbmb t]cv F¥mWv? ˛ dh. ^m. aØmbn \qd\m¬ tIm¿ F∏nkvt°m∏............................................75
AXncn√mØAl¶mcw ˛ sI.kn. amΩ≥ am∏nf......................................................................................................................................78
k`m kzmX{¥yØns‚ am·mIm¿´ ˛ AUz. sI. tPm¿Pv......................................................................................................................86
ae¶c k`mamXmhnt\mSv ˛ k`mIhn shÆn°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n...................................................................................................89
]cn. amXyqkv {]Y≥ _mhmbpsS Hcp {]kwKw ˛ kºmZI: _o\ ]≈n°m∏dºn¬.............................................................90
alm]cn-ip-≤≥ ˛ tPm¿Pv amXyp N°me∏dºn¬......................................................................................................................................92
am¿tØmΩm knwlm-k\w skeqIy apX¬ tIm´bw hsc
at\m-ca 1975 HIvtSm-_¿ 27 Xn¶ƒ ˛ kºmZI≥: tPm¨kv ‰n. Xe°pfw..................................................................................98
AKHILA MALANKARA ORTHODOX ALMAYAVEDHI
(Reg. No. K - 713/2005) Psot Box No. 652, Kottayam PIN 686 001)
A¬am-b-th-Zn-kw-_-‘-amb Imcy-߃°v Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-cp-ambn am{Xw _‘-
s∏-Sp-I. s]mXp-hmb Imcy-߃: sI.-hn. G{_lmw sImSp-hØv ({]-kn-U‚v)
t^m¨ : 9895561426 \b-]-c-amb Imcy-߃: tXmakv Nm≠n (P-\-d¬ sk{I-´-dn)
t^m¨: 9745607714 {]k-≤o-I-cWw kw_-‘n® Imcy-߃: ^oen-t∏mkv t]m´-
°m-h-b-en¬ (F-Un-‰¿) t^m¨: 9388591988 kmº-ØnI Imcy-߃, hcn-kwJy
kw`m-h\ apX-em-bh: tPm¿÷v amXyp N°m-e-∏-d-ºn¬ ({S-j-d¿) t^m¨:
9526823343
WEBSITE : www.almayavedhi.org Eimail: [email protected]
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
6
Imt\m-\nI ImtXm-en-t°‰pw
ae-¶-c-bnse BtLm-jhpw
tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ bqen-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm
A-Uz. aØmbn amº-≈n¬ (Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n AwKw)
t]mepw ]s¶-Sp-°msX, ae-¶c
Atkm-kn-tb-j-t\m, amt\-PnwKv
IΩn‰ntbm Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m-sX,
dn´-b¿sa‚v Fgp-Xn-s°m-SpØv
hn{i-a-Po-hnXw \bn-®p-h-∂n-cp∂
apdn-a‰Øn¬ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-
kns\ ]utemkv {]Y-a≥ F∂
t]cn¬ ImtXm-en°m Bbn hmgn-
®Xv k`-bpsS {]am-W-Øn\v
FXn-cm-bn-cp∂p. AXv Cu ÿm]-
\-Øns‚ G‰hpw hneb \yq\-X-
bm-Wv.
5. Cu ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚bpw B
I¿Ωw \n¿h-ln-®-h-cp-sSbpw
ÿm\-km-[p-X-bnse Ipd-hp-Iƒ
\nanØw apdn-a-‰Øn¬ -_mhm
Ime-KXn {]m]n-®-Xn-\p-tijw 13
h¿j-tØm-fw B ÿm\Øv
bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n A≤ym-bw, H∂mw `mK-Øn¬ Bcp-an-√msX Hgn™p InS-∂p.
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn-≤o-I-c- \nJym-bpsS Cu Xocp-am\w tcJ- Hcmsf hmgn-°m≥ sa{Xm≥I£n
W-amb "hnizmk kwc-£-I≥' s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. apXn¿∂n-√. B ÿm]-\-Øns‚
F∂ ]{X-Øns‚ sk]v‰w-_¿ 15 iXm_vZn BtLmjw \ndw-sI´
2. \nJymbpsS ImtXm-enI
˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 17 e°-Øn¬ tUm. Hcp NSßv \n¿∆-l-W-am-Wv.
]mc-º-cy-Øn-ep≈ ImtXm-en-
Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm- 6. BI-am\ k`-bn¬ \n∂pw
t°‰v a{^n-bm-t\‰v At¥ym-Jy≥
∏m aqe-bn¬, apI-fn¬ ImWp∂ hyXn-cn-‡-amb Hcp \ne-\n¬]n-
k`m ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ ZznXob
Xe-s°-´n¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂ √m-Ø ˛ kzb-ambn sa{Xm-∑m-sc-
ÿm\n-bm-Wv.
teJ-\w, Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-߃ hf- t∏mgpw hmgn-°p-hm≥ kzm`m-hnI
3. NnØ-tcm-K-_m-[n-X-\mb
s®m-Sn-°p-∂Xpw Ak-Xy-߃ hf¿® C√m-Ø -˛ -Hcp kaq-l-
ÿm\-{`-jvT-\m-b, A_vZ¬
\nd-™-Xp-am-Wv. ]{Xw "Ahn- amWv tIc-f-Ønse sa{Xm≥
ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°okv AIm-
izmk kwc-£-I≥' F∂ t]cn\v I£n-°m¿.
t\m-\n-I-ambn ÿm]n-®-XmWv ae-
IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. 7. At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿-
¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en-t°-‰v. apS-°-
Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃, s∏-´-h-\m-bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øn\v °okv Xe-h≥ A√mØ ae-¶-c-
A®s‚ teJ-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw AXn\v A[n-Im-c-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. k` Xe-bn-√mØ DS-em-sW∂v
{]tXyIw {i≤-bn¬ s]´p: tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ A`n-`m-j-Isc-
4. ae-¶ck`-bnse s]mXp-k-
s°m≠p ]d-bn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp kaq-
1.ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ ÿm]- Ω-Xn-bp≈ sa{Xm-∑m-cn¬ Bcp-
l-amb ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v Hcp kmaq-
\w 325˛se \nJym kp∂-l-tZm- sSbpw kl-I-cWw IqSmsX, `c-
ln-I-˛-kz-X{¥ hf¿® Akm-≤y-
kn-em-Wv. lqZmb Imt\m≥ 7˛mw Wm-[n-Imcw D≈ Hcp sa{Xm≥-
am-Wv.
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
7
8. ae-¶-c-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ kphn-tijw Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw bm-\n-k` F∂p≈ [mc-W-
1875˛se apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l- ]≈n-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambpw icn-b-√.
tZmkv hsc ioa-bn¬ \n∂pw \ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-Isc amtam-Zokm AXp ]pcm-X-\-amb BI-am\
hcp∂ sa{Xmt\m, ae-¶-c-bnse ap°n {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-°p-I-bpw, At¥ym-Jym- k-`-bpsS Hcp
Hcp sa{Xm-t\m, Nne-t∏mƒ Cu k` ChnsS \ne-\n¿Øp-hm- hn`mKw am{X-amWv. ]m›mXy
"sa{Xm-∑m¿ Xs∂ C√msX'tbm \m-bn´v Ah-cn¬\n∂v ]ptcm-ln-X- kpdn-bm\n P\-X-bpsS `mj-
Hs° \S-∂n-cp∂ L´-Øn¬ s]m- ∑m-scbpw alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m- bv°pw kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw hnt[-
Xp]- nX- mhv F∂ \neb- n¬ ImtXm- scbpw \nb-an-®m-°p-Ibpw b-ambn Hcp ]uckvXy k`-
ent°mkv F∂ ÿm\-sØ-°p- sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv ]q¿∆nI ]mcº- sb∂ \ne-bn¬, 8˛mw \q‰m≠p
dn®v Bcpw Nn¥n-®n-cp-∂n-√. cyØn-s‚bpw Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚bpw apX¬ 12˛mw \q‰m-≠p -h-sc,
`mK-am-W-t√m. am¿tØm-Ωm hnkva-bm-hl alna {]m]n®
9. ]m{Xn-b¿°m Xpey-X-tbm,
«olm-bpsS ]utcm-lnXy ]mc-º- Ime-ßfn¬, AXp ae-¶-c-k-
ss«lnI knwlm-k\ Xpey-]-Z-
cy-amWv am¿tØmΩm {InkvXym- `sb°pdn®v Adn-™n-cp-∂n-√.
hn-tbm, kzbw-io¿jI ÿm\-a-
\n-Iƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ tIc-f- ae-¶-c-k-`-bv°-Xp-ambn _‘-ap-
lna- t- bm, Cu ]Zh- n°v kpdnb- m\n
Ønse ss{IkvX-h¿°p-≠m-bn-cp- ≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]n∂oSv AXp
]mc-º-cy-Øn-en-√.
∂-Xv. AXn¬ \ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-Icpw ]e Imc-W-ß-fm¬, £oWm-h-
10. ae-¶-c-k-`-bnse ImtXm-en- Ct∏m-gp-≈-hcpw A`n-am\w ÿ-bn¬ ]Xn-®p. B ÿnXn-
t°mkv ]Z-hn AXns‚ X\n-a- sIm≈p-∂p. kndn-bm-bnepw bn¬ ]e \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ Ign-
bn¬ kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bn¬ am{Xw At¥ym-Jym-bnepw ss{IkvX-h- ™m-Wv, 17˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ae-
km[p-hmb Hcp ÿm\-am-Wv. k-`bv°v Bcw-`-an´ ka-bw-X-s∂, ¶c k`-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-
At¥ym-Jy≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o- `mc-X-Ønepw ss{IkvX-h-k` Xv. 1876˛se apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-
kns‚ ]c-am-≤y-£-X-bn≥Iogv XpS°w Ipdn-®-Xm-Wv. `mc-X- l-tZmkv aqew, ae-¶-c-ta¬ ]m{Xn-
heXphiØv _lp-a-Xn-]q¿∆w Ønse {]tXy-In®v kz¥w b¿°o-kns‚ A[o-iXzw D≠m-
D]-hn-jvS-\m-tI≠ Hcp k`m- \m´nse, ss{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS bn. 1653˛se Iq\≥Ip-cn-ip-k-Xy-
ÿm\n-bm-Wn-Xv. Bcw-`-sØbpw ]q¿∆n-Isc ad- Øn-\p-ti-jw, G‰w ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-
°p-Ibpw \µn ImWn-°m-sX-bpw, amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ ae-¶-c-k`
11. k`-bpsS 1960˛mw hm¿-
F.-Un. 37˛t\m-S-SpØv NnX-dn-t∏m- hoWp-I-gn-™-t∏mƒ, B ÿnXn-
jnIw, k`-bpsS hf¿®-bnse
b-hcpw Ipt{]m-kp-Imcpw Iptd-\-
\mgnI- °- √- mb- nc- p∂- h- sc ad∂- p≈
°mcpw sN∂v kphn-tijw Adn- F.Un. 52˛¬ {InkvXpi- n-
BtLm-jw, am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-
bn-®-Xmbpw ]n∂oSv ]t{Xmkv jy-\mb am¿tØm-Ωm-
bn¬ \n∂pw t\sc A_vZ¬ ain-
lm-bn-te-°p NmSp∂ ]´n-I- h®p- «olm knwlm-k\w ÿm]n-®- «olm ae-¶-c-bn¬
Xmbpw ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ At¥ym-
≈ BtLm-jw, hfsc k¶p-Nn- FØpIbpw kphn-
Jym-bnse kpdn-bm\n k`-tbmSp
X-am-Wv. AXv BtLm-j-߃°p tijw Adnb- n°- pI- bpw
am{Xw Iqdp- Im-Wn-°p∂ Hcp
t- h≠- nb- p≈ Hcp BtLmj- a- mW- v. ]≈n-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-
kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw CXn¬ IqSp-
]fin-X-\mb Hcp hy‡n- X¬ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂n-√. Ibpw \ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-
bpsS A‘-X-tbm, A⁄-X-tbm, Isc amtam-Zokm ap°n
ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬,
AXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn kz¥w ]q¿∆n- {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-°p-I-
17 \q‰m≠- pI- ƒ, At¥ymJ- y≥ kp-
Isct∏mepw ad-∂p-sIm-≠v, Ncn- bpw, Cu k` ChnsS \ne-
dn-bm\n k`-bp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-
{XkXy-ßsf apgp-h-\mbn am‰n-a-
\n¿Øph- m\- mb- n´v Ah-
an√- msX, 1665 apX¬ Hcp k`b- psS
dn-®p-sIm≠v, Hcp kaq-lsØ
thgvN-bn¬ h∂p. At¥ymJym cn¬\n∂ v]ptcml- nX- ∑- m-
apgp-h-\mbn Xcw-XmgvØn ImWn-
F∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ tdman\p scbpw alm]- pt- cml- nX- -
°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-am-Wt√m apI-
Xpeyw ]ucm-Wn-I-Xzhpw {]i- ∑m-scbpw \nb-an-®m-°p-
fn¬ ImWp∂ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn¬
kvXn-bp-ap≈ Hcp k`m-tI-{µ- Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv
sXfn-™p-\n¬°p-∂-Xv.
ambn AXns\ km[m-c-W-°m¿
]q¿∆nI ]mcºcyØn-
ae-¶ck`bv°v AXn-t‚-Xmb a\- n-em-°n. Ahn-SsØ k`m-
s‚bpw Ncn-{X-Øn-
Ncn-{X-ap-≠v. F.Un. 52˛¬ ≤y-£s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
s‚bpw `mKa- mW- t- √m.
{InkvXp-in-jy-\mb am¿tØm-Ωm- ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ss{IkvX-h -k-
«olm ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØp-Ibpw aq-l-amWv At¥ym-Jy≥ kpdn-
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
8
bn¬ \n∂p≈ hntam-N-\-hpw, kn-≤-amb t]¿jy-bnse skeq- _nj-∏n\v C¥y≥k` apgp-
C¥y≥ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Iym -]-´-W-Øn-em-Wv. At∏m- h≥taepw A[o-iXzw D≠m-bn-cn-
hf¿∂p hnI-kn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb kvtXm-enI Imew apX-ep≈ °-W-sa∂p \n¿t±-i-ap-≠m-bn.
Z¿i-\hpw k`bv°v Bh-iy-ap- Ncn{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ ss«lnI ssIhbv]v A`w-Kpcw
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn t]¿jy≥k` AXns‚ ÿm]- ]pe¿Ø-s∏-´p-t]m-cp-hm≥ ]uc-
A[x-]-X-\m-h-ÿbn¬ Ign-™p- I\pw BZysØ _nj-∏p-ambn kvXy-k-`-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´
h∂ kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bv°v, AXp am¿tXm-Ωm-«o-lmsb ]cn-K-Wn- kwhn-[m-\-amWv ImtXm-en-t°-‰v.
ae-¶-c-k-`bv°p \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ °p-∂p. At∏m-kvtXm-e≥ kphn- AXv \nJym kp∂-l-tZm-kn\v 94
Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. At¥ym- tij tLmj-Wm¿∞w DØ-tc- h¿j-߃°p apºv F.Un. 231˛¬
Jy≥ kpdn-bm\n ]mc-ºcy-ßsf ¥y-bnte°p t]mIpw-hgn bcp-i-te-an¬ IqSnb kp∂-l-tZm-
\ne-\n¿Øp-hm-\-√m-sX, ae-¶-c-k- Ddlmbn¬ (-F-tU-km) GXm\pw kn\- m¬ cq]oI- c- n°- s- ∏´- p. ]n∂oSv
Imew Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw kz¥w F.Un. 325˛¬ tN¿∂ \nJym
`sb C¥y≥ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬-
injy-cmb BZm-bn, BKm-bn kp∂-l-tZmkv AXv AwKo-I-cn-
A¿∞kºp-jvS-am-°p-hm-\p≈
F∂n-hsc Ahn-sS -hn-´v, kphn- °p-Ibpw ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw
{iatam AXn\p kzIo-bX {]m]n-
tijw {]Nc- n∏- n°- pI- bpw sNbvXp- sNbvXp.
°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p-
sh-∂mWv k`-bpsS ]mc-º-cyw.
hmt\m km[n-®n-´n-√. "At¥ym- tdmam km{amPyw ÿm]n-X-am-
BZmbn Xs‚ injy\- mb amcnsb
Jy≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv' F∂ b-t∏mƒ km{am-Py-Øns‚ Ing-
t]¿jy≥ km{am-Py-Øns‚ Xe-
t]cn¬ C∂v A©p ]nXm-°-∑m- °≥ `mK-Øp≈ ]e-kvXo-\m,
ÿm-\-amb skeq-Iy-bn-te-°-
cp-≠-t√m. AXn¬ tdmam ]m∏- sU°≥Ukv XpSßn 15 kwÿm-
b®p. AhnsS k` ÿm]n-X-am-bn.
mbpsS Iogn-ep≈ eØo≥ ]m{Xn- \-߃ tN¿Øv At¥ymJym Xe-
AhnsS taev]-´-°m¿ XpS¿®-bm-
b¿°okpw ]e Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ÿm-\-am°n Hcp s{]mhn≥kp-
bp-≠m-bn. km{am-Py-Øns‚ Xe-
]m{Xn-b¿°o-k-∑m-cp-ap-≠v. ≠m-°n. Cu s{]mhn≥kn\p
ÿm-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ t]¿jy-
bmt°m-_mb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv bnse Zqc-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw "At¥ym-Jymbpw Ing-
]t{Xmkv «olm-bpsS knwlm- _nj∏-∑mcpw a‰p k`mt\Xm-°- s°ms°bpw' F∂m-bn-cp∂p
k\w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ Hcm-fm-W- ∑mcpw skeqjym kµ¿in-°p- t]cv. tdmam-km-{amPyw hn`-Pn-°-
t√m. kndn-b≥ k`-bn-ep-≠m-bn- Ibpw Ahn-SsØ _nj-∏ns‚ s∏-´-t∏mƒ, N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS
´p≈ kw`h hnIm-k-߃ aqe-am- klmbw A`y¿∞n-°p-Ibpw c≠m-asØ aI-\mb IpkvX-¥o-
Wt√m A©p ]m{Xn-b¿°o-k- sNbvXn-´p-≠v. skeq-Iy-bnse t\mk- n\v Hcp s{]mhn≥kv e`n°- p-
∑m¿ AhnsS D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. I-bp-≠m-bn. \nJym-bnepw IpkvX-
ImtXm-en-°m knwlm- ¥o-t\mkvt]meoknepw \S∂
H∂mw \q‰m≠p apX¬ C¥y-
BI-am\ kp∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fpsS
bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ae-¶-c-k- k\w ÿm]n-X-ambXv
\nivN-b-{]-Im-cw, At¥ymJym
`sb tXtPm-h[w sNbvX-Xp-
Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb Bÿm-\-am°n `cn-®n-cp∂ _nj-
sImt≠m, kz¥w ]q¿∆n-Isc ad-
∏ns‚ (]n-∂oSv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-
∂Xp-sIm-t≠m, Hcp hntZi k`- t]¿jy-bnse skeq-
s‚) `c-W-koa Cu
bpsS alna A®≥ Db¿Øn-°m-
Iym -]-´-W-Øn-em-Wv. s{]mhn≥kn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Wn-°p-∂Xv kXy-Øn-t\m, ]mc-º-
At∏m-kvtXm-enI t]¿jym, C¥y XpS-ßnb cmPy-
cy-Ønt\m tbmPn-®-X-√.
߃, Cu Ing-s°m-s°-bp-sSbpw
Imew apX-ep≈
apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p≈ A[n-Im-c-ko-a-bn¬ s]´n-cp-∂n-√
{]kvXm-h-\-Isf°pdn®v Npcp-°- Ncn{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏- (Ref. Gibbons,Decline and fall of the
ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°p-hm-\m-{K-ln-°p- Roman Empire).
Sp∂ t]¿jy≥k`
∂p. _lp. A®s‚ A`n-{]m-b-ß-
]m{X-nb¿t°-‰p-Iƒ bmsXmcp
tfmSp ]q¿Æambn hntbm-Pn- AXns‚ ÿm]-I\pw
«ol-∑m-cp-sSbpw {]m[m\yw ]cn-
°p∂Xns‚ Imc-W-߃ Xmsg
BZysØ K-Wn®v cq]w-sIm-≠-X-√. tdmam
ImWn-°p∂p:
_nj-∏p-ambn km{am-Py-Øn¬ cmjv{Sob {]m[m-
1. ImtXm-en°m F∂p-≈Xv \y-ap≈ ]´W߃ tI{µ-am°n
am¿tXm-Ωm-«o-lmsb
{Ko°p-˛-tdm-a≥ km{am-Py-Øn\p tdmam km{am-Py-Øns‚ `c-W-
shfn-bn-ep≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°m -ÿm- ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p. {Ia kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ A\p-I-c-
\-am-Wv. ImtXm-en-°m knwlm- W-Øn¬ cq]wsIm≠p.
k\w ÿm]n-X-ambXv Ncn-{X-{]- cmjv{Sob {]m[m-\y-ap≈ \mep
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
9
_nj∏v Bÿm-\-ß-fmWv ]uckvXytZisØ I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]. h´-t»-
]n∂oSv ]m{Xn-b¿t°-‰p-I-fmbn cn¬ Xncp-ta\n ae-¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-
henb sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv. eo-Øm-bmbn ÿm\w G¬°p-∂-
tdmapw Ae-Ivk{¥nbmbpw Ømbv°p C\n taem¬ Xn\p hfsc apºp-Xs∂ Cu "A'
At¥ym-Jymbpw F. Un. 325˛¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-s\- A°w Imt\m≥ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-
]m{Xn-b¿°m ÿm\-ß-fm-bn. F. s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXn¬ bm-
t∏mse ]uc-kvXy-tZ- sXmcp Xncp-Ø-ep-Ifpw IqSmsX
Un. 351˛¬ IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-
ImtXm-en°m`mKw kzoI-cn-°p-
eokv ]m{Xn-b¿°m ÿm\-am-bn. iØp sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-
Ibpw `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ tN¿°p-
F. Un. 230˛¬ cq]w{]m]n® ∑msc hmgn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ibpw sNbvXp. kp{]ow-tIm-SXn
skeq-Iy-bnse ImtXm-en-t°‰v hn[n-bnepw Cu Imt\m≥ AwKo-
A[n-Imcw \¬I-s∏-´n-
tdmam km{am-Py-Øn\p shfn-bn¬ I-cn-®p.
cn-°p-∂p. At±lw
tdmap-ambn i{XpX ]pe¿Øn-bn- 1913˛¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Pn√m
cp∂, t]¿jy≥ km{am-Py-Øn¬, ImtXm-en°m F∂p tImS-Xn-bn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
t]¿jy≥ k`-bpsS ]m{Xn-b¿°m `mKw lmP-cm-°nb Imt\m≥,
{]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
ÿm\-am-Wv. AXv Ct∏mgpw \ne- 18˛mw \º¿ tcJ-bmbn ^b-en¬
hn-ep-≠v. _m_n-tem¨ ]m{Xn- sNø-Ww. kzoI-cn-®-Xn-\m¬ "18 A°w
b¿°o-kmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Imt\m≥' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. "A'
]uckvXytZisØ henb A°w Imt\m-\n¬ \n∂pw
\nJym kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬, sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°p C\n CXn¬ ImX-emb hyXym-k-߃
C¥ysb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv, taem¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-s\- hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. At¥ymJym
]uckvXy ImtXm-en-t°-‰n¬s]´ t∏mse ]uc-kvXy-tZ-iØp ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\p IqSp-X¬
t]¿jy-bnse "bqlm-t\m≥' sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑msc hmgn-°p- A[n-Im-c-߃ \¬Ip∂hn[-Øn-
sa{Xm≥ "t]¿jybp-sSbpw C¥y- hm-\p≈ A[n-Imcw \¬I-s∏-´n- ep≈ hyXym-k-ß-fmWv CXn¬
bp-sSbpw bqlm-t\m≥' F∂v cn-°p-∂p. At±lw ImtXm-en°m hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At¥ym-
FgpXn H∏n-´n-cn-°p∂ Bfm-Wv. F∂p {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Jym ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw Ing-°ns‚
t]¿jy≥ k`-bpamb√msX sNø-Ww. ]m›m-Xy-cpsS kp∂- ImtXm-en-°mbpw XΩn-ep≈
thsd GsX-¶nepw hntZik`-bp- l-tZm-kn¬ At±lw k∂n-ln-X- _‘w \n¿h-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂n-S-
ambn 16˛mw \q‰m-≠n\v apºv ae- \m-Ip-tºmƒ, F√m sa{Xm-t∏m-eo- ØmWv G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´
¶c k`bv°v _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- Ø-∑m-cp-sSbpw taem-bn, Du¿t«w hyXym-k-߃ hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-
sh∂v sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm- ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ IqsS, At±- Xv. ""At±lw (a-{^nbm-\m)
\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-hm≥ km[y-a-√. l-Øn-\p≈ Ccn-∏nSw {Iao-I-cn-°- At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\
A\p-k-cn-°Ww'', ""Xs‚
lqZmb Imt\m≥ 7˛mw Ww. taemhns\ [n°-cn°cpXv''.... ""-C-
A≤ymbw H∂mw Jfin-I-bn¬ 1898˛¬ t]mƒ _UvPm≥ F∂ ¥ym-°mcpw At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-
"temI-Ønse \mep Zn°p'IfpsS ]fin-X≥ ]e ]pcm-X\ ssIsb- b¿°o-kns‚ Iev]\{]Imcw
kwJyb- \- pk- c- n®v ]m{Xnb- ¿°ok- - gpØp{]Xn-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n®v {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≈Ww'' XpS-
∑m¿ \mep t]cp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. FUn‰v sNbvXv ]mco-kn¬\n∂pw ßnb hmN-I-߃ Iq´n-t®¿°p-
F√m-h-cp-sSbpw {][m\ Xe-h≥ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® lqZmb Imt\m- Ibpw ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS CS-h-I-
tdmam-bnse ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw \mWv ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv bn¬ A\p-hmZw IqSmsX ]m{Xn-
At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS Ae-Ivk- k`-bpsS 1934˛¬ ]m m-°-s∏´ b¿°o-kn\p {]th-i\w \ntj-[n-
{¥nbm-bnse ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw, `c-W-L-S\ AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. °p∂ hmN-I-߃ hn´p-I-f-bp-
Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. 18 A°w
At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS Ft^-tkm- CXv 1913˛¬ Xncph- \- ¥- ]- pcw Pn√m-
Imt\m≥ tImS-Xn-Iƒ X≈n-°-f-
kn¬ \n∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°m-ÿm\w tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ H.Fkv. 94˛mw \º-
™n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ
Atßm´p am‰-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]pXnb cmbn ^b¬ sNø-s∏´ tIkn¬,
hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv tImS-Xn-bn¬
tdmam F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏- A∂sØ sa{Xm≥ I£n-Iƒ
sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≈-XmWv.
Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≈ IpkvX-¥o- "A' \º¿ tcJ-bmbn ka¿∏n-®p.
t\mkvt]meo-knse ]m{Xn-b¿°o- CX vtImSX- nb- n¬ Exihibit A Bbn. Xncp-Ø-s∏-´, tImS-Xn-Iƒ
kpw, At±-l-Øn-s‚- IqsS ]uc- CXv h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ Xncp-h-\- X≈n-°-f-™n-´p-≈, k` AwKo-
kvXy-tZiw apgp-h-\nepw A[n-Im- ¥-]pcw Pn√m-tIm-S-Xn-bpw, 1958 I-cn-°mØ Imt\m≥ D≤-cn-®p-
c-ap≈ At¥ym-Jym-bnse ]m{Xn- sk]v‰w-_¿ 12˛mw Xob-Xn-bnse sIm≠v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂ kwK-
b¿°okpw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. kp{]owtImSX- nh- n[- nb- nepw AwKo- Xn-Iƒ hy¿∞-am-Wv.
A¬ambthZn: ImtXment°‰v ]p\xÿm]\ iXm_vZn kvacWnI
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