2010 North American Coins & Prices: A Guide to U.S., Canadian and Mexican Coins (North American Coins and Prices)

648 Pages·2009·50.51 MB·English

by  Harry Miller

David C. Harper, Editor
| Harry Miller & Thomas Michael, Market Analysts

5) The World’s Best-Selling Coin Books
U8 KrautePuisations no. a subse.

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‘T1S-448-2214 » B86 457-2873
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N10: DSBS

Designed iy Sy Ble
Ed by George Cu

Pevceciv the ited Slate of America

= Contents

Prelace
Chapter 1: "A Smal Beginning
Chapter 2 Making Money.

8; Tho Thrill of the Hust

Chapter 7: Caring For Cains
(Chapter 8: Join The Club

(Chapter 9: Stale Quarters Thoy te Net
(Chapter 10: Wats Hot For 20107
Glossary of Coin Terms,

PRICING SECON
Introduction to Pricing
USS. Minting Varieties and Errors

UNITED STATES
Golonia Coinage
Fievolutionary Coinage,

State Coinage

Issues of 1782

Untee States Circulation Coins:
sors

Commemeratives.

Amorican Eagle Bullion Coins

CANADA
Canadian Goins

MEXICO
Moxicari Going

420
viding co ealecirs wh soca
Indosenceny re0.cedp:cewiniormatin
ncalleciolessrhustucoreataceark
of F+W Pubiestons numa ein
In 55 Yeae of puishing Vet our Med
fle at mewhausbodks com fer rere
“tomato abou vs We emiy fume
‘of market analysts aha monterauion
resuls, ating on the inerret ana coaing

{Tr iformation ie compe by our avy and hey determine hat ae
most accra ents ring uch ozcared foreach datear meme
inaa0h gradslited xt meric Coins ces By stuching his narration
snc vefoing oack ‘repeat, callocter a arm "inset mh he neces
‘sowlede 2 90 aut ine mars are make we puichasiig deniers. Must
be ramamzed ra tose prices are mandad clay ae gud, they ar nite
‘fre m by of sel. eeauso prices da Nyetuse, age tl apr in hie Dk
rey bo ease abso by th te of nub eto. By enact roe

<0 pew chars in he. sectan, youcan ga ates has row wings
hho oceut since 1872

US. eciis 2 the mest panty Coleco eves in the werd. Tas
ie etnbutable ny part te nope of ain calling nthe Unies Stee,
but collcters in may othe" cous lke covet colectbe US. os. aer
colscing US. cans for wile, many eolotersin a United States rarer ou
Fro seuss of Carat ard Mexco, Those sons alo enjoy a Fopulr ‘allowing 9
thai cours fain

Thus, Nom American Cave Froce brings toetner pscig ncunion ona
trae f theca counts. Bu I buck su takes he proe pide concept a Sop
[urhar by xceaing natn on ruts ane Bosc alee ens: aes
oh ring em, egerizrg hn ni aeolian eaten Ma goes y and
such me, Neve eollctrs con gain he necessary kro oct eis
‘njyably sisters car ice up seme pois acto he kenge

-1-

“A Small Beginning”

The U.S. Mint grew from a modest start

By Robert R. Van Ryzin,

Teva “eal begering” bur a egntiset one In Jay 1782, ote fo the
ew US, Mert ye Pang Bech soe, 1.500 iver ne cles were suck
on ral sor eres neg info allow Pritcslnhia bulking ard by
awvakor John Harper. though sme have ines cstagaizet hose cay erie
siens of ne Redging US. Min as nates, Wis ole hat et Prosi George
\Wasn ngton~ sho sss to have danoseod 2 savers wh to cin we
sthuk- conser is sal buon ef hal dames thee olf US cone

Ise thal vs ited comage, rs fa’ sage pseseqe ofthe act tah
ing 7 ton Me 2, 1752, pales by anrnseon lo modern US Mr passes
Tooays rachires can chur ou: up to 750 coi & minut, sirkng as may a8
four cons at tr and aosstng year misagee nthe lens, 2. i ala a
that nse fesra pigoes stuck tor ser and stages wih a aur Liberty
‘on he obese anc’ 2 seranry ang hyo the raves have errerdous
fatal negining? rere the seeds of arienetary system na aod mera
rar 200 yess ano has become be etuay anderen of ery

Before the US. Mint

Colca day con ace nue ete nator cee ar oar of i
‘truglesane rah youn” ts comage: ‘ema cumberenrsyson Wel reposted
by Heber Mora, Revoir Wer france and i suprerdeto finan,
to ho rfremarr terre by Mans sefesan ana Alaa Haron. wich
fimy pace tha nation onan casi eci-tccs deoma system occa,

shngon would daclae i ie 172 anceas to Congrss
Avnet thers wae ite cinage'f ekeuater excep orsign sin ha a
86 though age of the pues of he et eaters, Deen & Ure Pov Ls
ceirago inthe Gaeres, Gest Titan cenederes F 2 yal rig ed gris
ranchises spernaly. Mush ah Caan econ, artes, evoked aun
bres ith fond spies, cons, anc goods sung as covery. ela spur
cr Bead mney low ue, at no fr Rade ana aor as aor of mao
fer Csional ue
Cooper oioes wor prasuced arcane 16: the Sorrmer and now Fe
‘rucaltutcoaoe tints Aran Cokie spare ibe ul 102,
‘hen Jonn Fal etek iver veqperca,sxsanes anc sings sor authority 3
the Gano! Cour of Macaser seat, Tre ao nage 63a th desen changes
(lan cak sone ess, trough 1622 Mos: et be cine were date 052.
aren’ 9. ee probleme win Engere
In 7658 Ceol Cake, second Lord Jairo, commssaned core to be
struck in Englert ere in Mivland. Other ausnorzes ert unauth2zee 2air=
ages —nauding eae of Mark Neus conn Hot ilar WeDo, gra Or. Sane
sl becare pa othe landscape e ating coins, Fs tha 7808 thie
hcgapcdi cae was augmented oy ifs of courte tah sh
porny cone anc vacus sas einages
“terms ef the lator tho Arig el Ceniaterator hed gravee yu
‘salve Y= ight la sracuce copps cane. ary sists feuncin a be apaeaing
dard materaris > me mia 17806 Fad Copp ons o! vernon, Cerneic
Macsachusoss, Now Jory ard New Yer Noll wore gal issues: vaieus
‘evrapreneurs sed ths 3¢ an ration 0 atka maton stats coppers and Bit.
lon natperee.Rittod 2 worn leoige come algo croulued 1 abvndnos
Included amarg hase were sins of FoTuga Great resin aral~ance, wl" 9
large mso%y ofthe aber sting em Spar,
Teaccomng ssi used y Ie stale wae driv roth ahem
of pours, satings and aence. Each sta es
hic foelgs gris ane 8 wer cons wale asin vai ote Beh pune
"1782 Paver Moris, ren nad superr“encent nance, wa pp
odio n2cd a carmitasts cterine Hevsiues andi ioe geld s Wer
cols in orulation Asked ey ta ew up a tabi o vase, Warne he
‘porn te repose te atalenment aden mK nis Jan 15.4702,
repo (argelyotepared hy tis asta, Govern Mores}, Memtis noted rat
Ins exchange ase between the see wow ampere
He cosorsd that farm in Now Hamostire waula oe hres asked
to deramre th vole of = bushel ct wrest Sou Garena, Nerrs racorsed
Int 91 oman af neat wor fur chilrge 0 Nie hot tae of ew Hames
woudl boot 2° shilings and eightoenae undo he accent syste used
in out Caran,

Recent ers dense
Ccomoneated a for a ra
corage bacad ona came,
dtoromrser af 1496,

Moris limed "ase cious slag ue nately farmers, bt that they 91
erplong 0 ms Mex ane toublesome lo alk” Mortis urns pxcated for to
atoaten = Aresicar saints soe tha problems o he nae fr amalchange
snd debe frign corages n ervulaten

"sso, hat ho Nas advocating vas a monomeale system based an
ser He eed that goa and evar nad luctusted voughout Wstry, Bscsub=
thoes feteatlonsresukad in he moro valuabo etl leaving ro court ary ra
iontratadooted abinszallo cohage wae dooms have te gele 2 sive sine
soar om aelsten

‘Go.vermeur Moris celular te rats at rion he Spann dollar vedas te
hv nth pound in he vanous sats, Leswng out Souty Canina, bacaure t
then of hl sleuations, Geuverneur kore anid ata corenan do-ominatoro
lent ic & quart aiain of sie, He suggested ie ska o asa 10dunteon
een eer Sno: eon, er el aaer EEE un oa, ak: a
ance ein, ane ol eg re ane he abe ae Uris

(One. 2°, 7782, be Grane Carte cf Congress aparoved ho ropes
sn ofciee Meriepo lerwar ane reno th a plan fo estabah a min
Maric had aroady doce 6. Aoparenty feng cenfdont tat Concrst vculd
“his ears ides, Moi 28 Senn oy hs ary san ofine he phy
statment porto Ne eruary +782 reper. Haha aad engage Ba
lamin Ducy 2 acqut nacessary equipment f° tne rsx ard Foes to hays
‘ripe cis maa a su wh ns orginal reper Cones
Things want sory. naw

by Oa, (2, 1782, 0 mens ater Cngrees hac anproed Ms per, Maxis
sft cadnet son any saree cthis caine Hewat ers ravi te saest
rt Conese dy up bo of efor reign ens eae ua uns reper
wea oid ys rat ut a2. 1709, Ws Mn ae able ene a ly
ret the fst 13 ptiem cara were bana sa

* sent or, Duley wo dered me «piace of Ser Coin” ha wet,
ong ho frat na ea een suck aan frecan Co

He also scavdec chat shed urgad Ouciey to gc ahead wh preducion
veer vale

Ive un Aol 3, {780 hat Mere was ale to senc Kowa Coste tka
palo to Cangess ane sungee hate ws esc oYeper an aatlesra a
mvt. Aogarent nating cam ol Morell, Seseraleonritlaes aoe a
‘oma, hut noting was ascerplshas. Duclsy was verwely Secnarged
Nore’ reges dined

“Tomes flan was tho roto ear a rajr ple. Jeoree kod the dba

‘of value As cha

ofa decims ein ef coiace, but datked Mors base
‘rar eftho Cumeney Comrie dareenteviowed Mons pan and ermulsec

To le: ple reaction Jerereon gous hi Netes or image" to Tne Fr
dance Gazane, and County Jowas ch ubiehed Rann sol 2,176
leave, Jetereo csag’eed wih Moms suggsstonfor ai, 44dunit of ve ar
insloes presose 9 eine! eerage sneed on re oy, wh almost uns ot

Tre mot ensy ratio of mutiplossinn and alsion is teat oy tan." Jeferear

soot “Evry on ano hs ely of Dac nal tarot,

eferson aged et taugh Moms unt waud rave liste the vant-
ced Facien It aucune when merchants convened Beh “artaegs a di,
thie wea ote egnfsarce ‘ter te ori ideo eta

J 20 peri

ri it lero wd, as oo erase ex as
raveitone. AecatdegtaJefeteon, unde Morr pl ahr

da 9 16x

“Jetareor carage plan suggested be stking of ela, of ni Nat dy
ere trim a doutieternor hot dl, equmertts a psoas aterh,
‘cuivala to 8 Spanish fit ae & oneth capper con, lati to he Hr
faring Faaaa wand a gele coro! $10 corsperclng oth Bre dub

‘ines nd &oepper are=edod coin slat-g"o he Bis etience
Ir relerence to 8 cori danorinatans, Jeffeson sda ingot
Uhre caine carci mwas wih ome othe osm eee eo ery tat te

parle ty by quick leone s herd, erate nal ven

ro gasea tat he
Cte Ses act

ore than a year hanever esses ihn any Furr hater oF a pen ar
hat arapesed by Ws Fa ter to Wl Crayon, a marae o! te Ca
rental Corgrea, Weerington ear

atera’ coinage este
sumplsnea othe cerage in cvesation “Aan uel Wave wh 2 aa eeales
Inte packet orn the kof ossng god al oneourt loss thant coure*

19 “ink suonsably roceusary* Muornalen

Aplan at last,

On May 19, 1786, the TOmonber Grane Conmitoe, to whem Jers
an hed boon subriticg od apo. gorralyfavring Jer

stem, The commits id, havevar make elon rations ircliirg the air
sto ofthe gels $10 cain the accion oe aid $5 cor, ence crepar of
Joes doubler, atic & replaced wih @ quater dole’ The comrtes
tise ariod # eer equa f2 ECCI af a anlar tha? cert) Cr uy 176 Car
oss sarimauty sporved tre Ged Corman lar I Faied, however fo
"ot 9 Sanidara wept for he iver cio oer lane craw un or ©
‘Tove wo faces lato new eeoaee

‘On Aofi 8, 17a8, he Scar of Tessury, which rad bea senate tor
ior! signer ar superriandans of france wo yours pit order hoe
tisinct camage proposals Eason varia weights ard bes rat (tte
‘ah dollar Te rst reaeteree ane ane pasted by Congress on Au0 6
roe) eure the sive dala tcontain 78.64 arene ature ver. Tre beats
repose vid or sve coinage pane tai wovoeaad # iohar bit
fat of 15 26840-1 ane dering ones 1 deposior or ecving of god anc
fsher i eles: er mtg of geld $5 ans $10 cons, and thor dareminains
te ding, double die, half dol, ana dalla. In copper wore © cant ard
at cent, The progoss! siete coring the neak of state songs and inf.es a
ddbaned coppers, which, ss he beard roped, were being “imported 9 or
rarutaclure inne Seva Sites

‘Coneermet: othe nae! io cones alo wonagas an foreign copper, he
sid suggested "it whin nine month of pesesge os peposal. te ao
tanger sata of loseign cappirs be repeals ard hat values aetaich he
tata coopers would cate, The koxe ebsouyexascted iemedatewcior
snd ured n supp of copper ra WEE Deine Snr mn Boston 0a bro.ht >
en Yak nshope dal ight's9an 26 2anad Ther hopes, however, ete)
font pose ans quick econ of Canes: soli that nad ocered tt
In cher prowoss ara nud not ocean

‘peoston the “il ss begining © sure Severs! members of Con
nes expresses thar otha che syply af fercign god ane sve" ees n
Shove won svfcert > precice ary mpd loa me. They ago argues hat
fre arablam wh dsoazed opoers ccud be ohed by eonsing ih prvats
Inciicai a sree tho salon cons anda‘ certs

Sewn. provosls were ofc fet @ cart canage. Cr fpf 21 1767 the
and acces eroosal by Jem avis 9 ko 20 ts of core con ae
fer! scar. Joni, Ices dass soray les han 8000 pounce of
Crit Te conan ws wed ne azar year er sks to mec seheses
overs tines, but Pepe a ely futher acton on a met, Cenested acon on &
Conage syzom ano arin nok wat unl be ameter oft ne gawerme

‘vance arn, named in Sapmeer 1289 1 nesd Me raw Tess
ero tee ciferent rethacs by which he et rion could achlewe gear
tay easing i nding othe nator dob, estates athe Bank of
Neth Arerica, anc fre o-ring 1 2 U.S. Win, Gr sar. 2, <7, Hasson
uomtoa Congress a*epor one Esato’ a Min” as comied
threush hs ud of Ciropasn oeremys theories ano he caricr wns cf Ms
tre ofewon, along wh he “798 apo" fhe Acar easy

Hamiton syd win deflects dolar seemed tobe best culed tse
seo bane a ut oelaved recency lo eescich a propor wel nd fe
tots fort som cn. 7 60 89, Harilon Fac zeveral Spanish coin: assay to

cotarmintr s0 weigh Spanish dol: He ws stoned erate at wie
Spa oh dlr rae or fno gah (24 4 pain pr va) on he werd mark,

rot sas says ano absavaioasse determined ha: Saas doi or
laced 371 graraet sar He men ie 2 824 ny “5(hhe god vue ole
tinos is sages oistalle wy avd avec at 71 1 the proper fre
ser weigh ar-a row svar dollar

inregeto ne Fang Hanon some et Wer Pad ae Smiar assays
ang Ned arved tsi 379 gains othe Span cul; Hamar etibuted
‘ro dacreperey to tho dlerig eapmert usec in raking the 9553. He ae,
wove, near hat serie were wadod inthe wu ae cal wight
ator tan tha waht tre ef ssue. Tre Soars dol crlaned 276 rans ct
Dut ser wen ne, 424 fs rare han Harton: propoced iver dolar

arnton asa vere tinetalio rac of 15:01, ° comatose Bowe
co Tastur/s 15.61 rao, Hanlon ad he rato eleaare Gast Bris
‘hich nauie bs imoertant fe de, and lin, wPion wos be meara for
“sot leans rem hat sori

Hi apo sigoosio’ Te lng oa gol! $70; old dol lve la, ser
tent, a are; and cooper ane hunarech are al-iundecth. Haron fhe
lnstel tase, te ral ook wa necessary aocauke would erate merchants 0
loner tat rioes, whch woud "2a tha aoa:

‘Corgreas pase al eetaolningtolUS. Mn in Ap 1722 Hreineated
severe 20h denen to. by Kemiton and crooped hie gole dol.
(et he act autariced ot $19 coro eee 65 col, oF "ns eagle ant
S250 oan, or quarter eage, Inelver were a boa cle,“ cot, quarter doe
lee dsr9, ancha dame, ard in sopra cantando

Thug i esac a soura system of US cohege nea: faled 9 a
‘crass the proslon of foregn cone in steaatin. was arvenced n February
1785 eancel hr ogee statu tin tee year fhe Mls ooening

Coinage begins

Coinage ote a he est mint were derstancably cm Skil corer, as
‘sors ure otters to cand Manca he rin daly nears wero in short
Spy he Unie Slalos so iv want wre adoquate equipment and suopies
tel er oatage, Mucho former ad oe out port. Much othe
later wae als irpoted or saluages ran various osmestle souices,incllcing
‘evi suk oko ano ene ard aap ress

‘Gcnage Bogan in earnest in 1788 wt ho ekg of Pe certs ane cont
at 6 naw min, located at Seven Stoo: Eetwoem Mista: and Arch stots in
Philadeipna, Sve coinage folaved in 1794, misma mes hal! colar 290
lars, Gold einage dl nt begin Ur 1705 th the martin ofthe fst
2d S10 enne. Sivereres ane quarrs and wold 82.99 coins de et pear
frat min
Prices wae
iia by cays
shana

reat bene eytan oteenngs ty wees gole and eiver saree
‘cqualrerevenstions ef the ant vee uct ae uses ar tae re
*atonscalnge to enter ane msn costo eyed arene he supp'y ene
Valuation ol presi mle. One rad en 2g 4 cursory mowedo® of Su0

‘omnis Wo urdessera! what role rescue Maal paved i Seveleprent af
US corape. Tha le ia lrge ext, cerned wy sare eens iy 2
12 and uy some passed don am generation te gereraion ee til piety
andof ar value 2 colezine

Fram ne ints boghning, sii mscaleuleors nthe proper moigh fer fo
ser dole and propor timetlie rao ed gold ed sie o dlesopear tom
sion Thal. alee doi deo al gar Soon nd Wixoan cols
tu boca. the US coin nae ighter tne caren to. exper:

-Rdepooter ene ft it coud mk profane wins axpereeby enc
ing he cosine Wendin. Thar ny sabe bale par fhe eay =e
Sour or Moxcan ah reals, whic ners than sipped back 19 m= Lee
Si fr tocinago A aoc weary ah clas ener comes cee

‘ier moet aod io wscape be rating pots

God fed no ber Calais 0! he bimetallcrs by which ser ied
{er geld an na war masa wore also askew st sna were alae sabe
‘tucustens. Sod ecir eto eisappesre quicly fine mining orneva” entered
siroulln.langushing inane vous, reve able ed P'stice:vofsent
hal ainage othe gol S10 and avo: cota.

The goU $0 reegpaated in 1808 ata now, ouerieelght standard Te ever
sola, nl eoined or ereuator sre 1209 remo 1856 wi arate rie
fg. Fu-seais coinage wstec unt 18/0

‘or ws he caret aanpee an easy maser fer the is mint Severe sre
ge of emia od Ia Mo spo varcus avenues oo ing suloert
supplies for srking cers ar hal cents

res, forexarpe, the nal-cen aaues cf 17 ard 17ST susan pris
lesa crore othe Now Yok fhm cf Talbot Aur & Le becaussol a soraue

cups forthe fecal tu sing oaper pros and con usd shoroes cee
‘he Mit loner the cents wohl en 208 gs 9 19 rane 1795

By a sare year Congrote had ero vestigate the Mint. Campane
sateut high coats and lay producto id pen rleec, Sues. ont ea eon
rast cerage micht be mere sutabe forthe nay nation suraced again, dosptc
ba exnononees wh pelos ater,

Tho Mint sunivou tr and anctvr mvestigaton, bs he probeme of te
‘uate marl upples corner: ¢alague te nae, I> 798, decaute ofthe
conage shutags, he lagaender eu of foylgn core was acer. Several
‘roe entersions ware ven during ne 8a, anno who wthoal toga
‘ardor satu or Soon coin 1857,

Inthe 1830 great inxs of em foragn mis neat tne va ole
later teal hich macs neccasary lo che He lovee te stands
sich a gol caren 1694, Nelo eto tna maleg et great rumors t.gale
vomne athe ot spacsestons

ye “880s decoy glin Callers hae spain mace vet he cewer
‘rata Alls quichyclseppearec on cheulten. Congres arid 1852
blowerrg he ani’ cf he vor ade. dr, quan, ard hl ec, 00
ing to keep shvor in o-oulion. A new gol cain of $20 vos a induce 6
bso a great svourtcttnegodtor Westen mines

Netiong ate iver was dered in vata, By thermic 87m te various
rine ta: ase apart weeknaom asthe Comecck ce aes tat ay
Droareter Henyy P Comstacs had fit the mother le. Large supe ef se
‘tom ie Comstock, canted wih European demeretzaton,ca.saa 2 sear
‘Stepinsvaue, which convea hag ie close al he 1M cry

I vas believed al tho inodusien of a eave “anger sie eo:a'
1878, kramiase Tad dl, weuld create @ make for much ole Gomsiock
fy; baste is poe, an athe se line vest cone om Gree: Bar ot
luoathaviadowits te Crent, eden’. Large rime of Trade dlrs sven
fort back no the Unted Sates, wre hey wee cnc, aooued ay

‘2003 helesser might Menger wore

‘Treks Leer infecacedn 1578 as 4 panacen‘o che severe ecoreic
dvoalens flaming the Cl Wa: Those wo proud eared tie tanner of fee
Ser contre ay aking eich output a he Constek mires ene turing

nose dolar, achogpar, more psf c mary wouls become
Irs wake, they beleved, woe @ so neared ccucemie rex

‘Tho Fre Svor Movenent gained ls pales supper duerg che ste 180.
esury when iam Jennings Bryan ated fo Gor the White ouea on a
lan gay based on restora af the he ano nies sairege ole tar
‘ars 412.5-gran lve dolar He aoa. Siva alee. Shorty theresa he Unead
Siass ofealy adopted a gold eencara
iver coninusd in be «primary esieage meta unt 198%, wen fing prices
Ice the Minko narove Rom he Ce and quo: inte cf he sive dar
had ordee:n 306, The colar conned Zo bs coed rweugh 1879 wih a
Apersenesiver eemgestlon ta, was doa,

‘God cohege ended 1623 anc ext oesy any in cammereraive Bs
ans Anerian Lagi bullon sans wh love face vaues. A clas cemacstion of
top endicko row he prrary coinage meta Evan tte cents rolonger
topper 8 oops soeed re campo has been use shoe 1262

Preccus-netlsunplea wre si niet he cponing of adit’ mints
“obi sored te porctfncty fn Friadlpia. The act af golc discoveries
inn 13205 tne sourersAppactian Mounts was Wey td othe om
‘Stor of branch ins Osnonaga, Ga, ana Cristo, NC. 71838 These
new minis sruck ery gold ois New Orlane alee became ta sis af x brah
Imo inche save yen’ Dahlonega an Crsrote. toa in srr cha on

(gid om Sothern mines, aut als cubes et exe.

Piscowry ot pot in Calria ine Ite tes cle a god rsh, a
tor eprang & gear wore migration. Pst ssuee ol gulo ooinags, cer
ai eebasod quay, ware rover art tha ooe ol sroping he ial sare
fer ecinage 4 Picedphia was igh. cal fr er effela bre mint es soon
Ins ancl heeded in 1222 wise e.chorats othe Sen Francisco Min, which
regan ak dpi in 1854

Tre slecovery ef Shar he Comet Lode edo yorarethr mnt Lacs
crtpa sor catanes a gis & Truck Raita ira fhe fabbus Comat
Uda the Carson Gy mine aga rosing Bulla in ea 1870

Sen also lecaled) in nees-eh regio, nagar tho ae ofan sess
cf'zein 7855 when the govern purchased tno Gla Gruber & Co. pate
in became a US, baaeh mnt in O06 ration 2 the Derver ane Pil
heli mins, Sen rerciaco end facityin Woe Sot, NY, eons 9 Sere
US. mins, out tne oters nave bebinda rich legacy.

The calecorlkinge ne carded jaroy noe retry of VS cxnags cn
fre gents reverting tice cme asl es th day I ng arc ws eck.
sed alle shin ae pt ofan ret ar exerchanghg oorepy of US. cata
hiker: The ae sors. deremation al ea, ret scores, eta,
(geal coll, ans. ferro is ania bont aro fol of patra b>
(Soloed and areal of charted designs by nov (prs ave ae A
SgueSair-Cacons Adlon Merman, James =are Fraser re ahs,

For host who ae dawn te te ky bye alec aga-cdres of days
stay, or by eins handed coun eas ne omy, eave ears reat
south ceineeteetng resiracste ater Te von othe US, Min, i al
toe 0 morant begininshe staring Ear

-2-

Making Money

How coins are manufactured

By Alan Horbort

hs: 3 prin isthe proess by which psoer money is aco, sis ining
‘ha mete! man canting, The sis ae ote carsed oy he pol, Sut
thay are comply oeent
Thonsteryatrinsag goes eck several cone betaettacith aft Pe
Lyslane as credited wth akg me tt ru cine > he Mae Hot anu 700
1 ,alecugh te Chinese ana Korane mice er ina back sven ant.
Sere carly coins ware cast T-st noes cormuce in Chra isthe 1900,
Dutony for on wae pects, Hee agin the eerie texan den exo.mes at
oF cone cast outa yo. wl ae, cry sty testen oe petentare ervera
‘The mathcels deverped ty he Geeks ane Romans canteen rng tee
th couldn kama by hart no he suri = ln fea. ining
and mpresing a dasign. Ham ere: einayo cntnuec nt ater enc ot n=
ide Ages, about 1200 Arar ht re frtmactinesnetcoud erika cies wee
‘ere, loday ts successor sir pode 750 or mare cong amis
‘cm the cory uays wen the fhed ale Yas aor nto @ Erp or @ hole
<i ina tock tou ng i in an rv (he Ta cho ga ale tn ar
5, Jo cays mage cin reese, the process Is much the same. Fors is
pple n device hat motes er agp exgnt0 a peso! mala. which is
tonetouned a= co

Fay ae ore mace al wend, Ther same copa; bronze, ‘nally Hon as
lechnology acvanece. Today ge ae mds hom exo sles wih spac! ais
jos mat mace ther ioe er stiong ear,

Tre hietry of cansge

sina, taro et re aeve°8 Far
inl sclera the ist cor presse.
ft Eglo) inverter oft eear engin, was he fs 16 Iorperte
‘Seam poner lo ane te san press tnt ener had covered on Poses oF
hur ars

‘Sheth ne power coms ors hank haling a tamer er a mochaniea
ram, ano wether K cera rom sa0ve, alow ota ice th proces scaled
sting" & enn, Mecern cen aresaes uve avery of meee naapyng brute
foroato placa of mal eu ie on

oath ‘abe batons 19 casting coin isthe common bal hl xin ne
made ro hquc sil rst the at arora hat wan rey are lus, eke
eve A cinceig ie ermad by ra poss. cha causes tre meal ocleew
intone paitentnez you ses or the ones = yous pocket

“Toca tay anche Ing precess (1) t= waking ow see
chet, whine dion athe salacion 2d preceesng oe ma a0 he
reputation o nepinctets,2Itramakra fhe des, and} he use al hades
to tie te plarches, Te elp you remem these roe pis, neo! PD!
nd! or parene, de and sing

Choosing a metal

ony aierct tale rave an are owing si or coins the most peoulsr
soiage mata ae those comand wn la wely reap, so they c= bo
teed fer tk lon value ins Pras etal Ihe ser gold and plan
Se tl sor eomrremorave cone

A good ore mal reaures cain prope. he me mus: be ea
eougn9 oe el wor yl hard onough fo when te Nar ane aro 8
troutaneoockats hin dunia vansaaions, Favela havealhe ish
Propertes eo coins usly me an aly ot mature of to ee rere ma

‘Cobre ate con natal ther byts9for rans. Zina. to3
susina aes eunsin cars suo he nod Ses ans oe ccres. Sik
‘atl hvetobe = eyed sone neta usualy oppec = teh enaagh
towthsland canmercal He, Teas ealee*aue’ corset Bus or gue ark
{boon ears" Sought ed enke pany rhe prascuemsa sete

Thombs stosentora san sremetec andmised east, her poured
Into ngs or coke, oreeadee rm uraces tal conn. csat ng sto
‘tte mer Te ngats ao pau siveral mea between he ig ising ing
ilo reouoe ro mgot to Ve Wacanesso he bls neeced

roe the a’ oleae cara owrens, i ant a a blorng prese
Aang a ur and aunonee 70 aon reougn Me et, pesucg a dozen at
Inorati-we wh cach stoke, "he ugh banks af hen racy 8 aracasend

Making the ‘blanks’

Ti lace cf merlfesasiosly some 0"0" meal, eo tt alse atl,
thatbecomes canis kim 38-2 "DInk* "NENG uly eed Ta plas
{hut nae been gunchet ar exten # Sect oF snp cin ee

Fes teady 0 te
Before a Bank can became coin nas ta be proceesee clearel stoned
{apd gen oat enews as an “useet ego! —araaed roge or im aroun bh
sices Theis hen aecomest “psriche ane ewoady ibe euce ro ein
oye ces

Fie ago theugh what lo4e |e a monateus ose ite A huge ey
tor reels ya the planets a fo nat 9 ad toa er wy
tough. Tis & => annenlng oven, hich masts te plaehels Yo soen them.
‘han tay Car out tha er haf ntg.akah where they ae leaned wi @
fies acd er soap clin,

[As Ine ng step. shay ge OUR he upsetng i, 6 ens
to raged nance bark and ue i oa aknchs, ready bo s-sc%. na
diferent depa-ment te process ct masing the die used i Eka oe ee Ps
ready ben.r

Preparing the dies

st ofrard nes toweg
hapsions, Kis pasa'y

For ee wna have stud relay, th cono
aoa P= hard ta slow, aut tie 2 act wf
mie sariecroses as tre ane used n= suo olan sg fa soo of see 0
‘a Yenae” wl) rua curvas anc aap wanes, Tho cad msn mova abo 2
bythe esis apie.

Tote he mata move ro ho deer design Mevehas be. ca Act
ailho-ehae te se ces, because ane lhe st prunes 3 hate exry
‘con Nate Hoan equal vl oppose esc. You cannct ra giece
of rata Ames ang she ene side a. Insta you mks 290 os, hon,
and avetie ina ono agsnett- wir s pecs ofmeta hr bexneer ioaccoat ine
‘sige Fe each,

ais como na mata the taal wi adage on face Pst p10
for amir iraga anne ruck oan, Early ds were se by han. Snares
sod han nolo leperausy eu ech ete, eae ci sd each onlor ele cr
waite tg was br usod ine he ace of he de Noi tht ise "rt
Fre alace «the co, anh per: of the we doesn e« 798 or cau varying
‘rape and

This ba39, 20 wo want a irr image en te cl a we vam ited or
In “let! maco a roll nego ona ain, he raga an the 2 as lo 28 I>
thetaca dhe, ereuse Canes we wantan xcase nage onthe col
uch 25 gals $2.90 ana $e cars! 1008-1829, te dein othe ace
‘vould halo be halle.

oul restart taka acl ro your ovkel ard ace af avium
{ol Prose neal dow over he ecln design anc rub tw an sear #2" you
take heat ane ek 2th soa es nce tt He ein, you a
eect copy tania Everyone hore 2a rae! Ces on Ie cot bee 29
rouse del cr your“

wer at ne US.

tna nating