2004 AMA Educators’ Proceedings Enhancing Knowledge Development in Marketing Editors Kenneth L. Bernhardt, Georgia State University James S. Boles, Georgia State University Pam Scholder Ellen, Georgia State University Track Chairs Peter A. Dacin, Queens University Jerome Williams, University of Texas at Austin Debra J. Ringold, Willamette University Chris T. Allen, University of Cincinnati V. Kumar, University of Connecticut Rajkumar Venkatesan, University of Connecticut Anthony Di Benedetto, Temple University David Gilliland, Colorado State University Stephen Kim, Oregon State University Michael D. Hutt, Arizona State University Beth Walker, Arizona State University Charlotte Mason, University of North Carolina Rohit Deshpandé, Harvard Business School John (Jeff) F. Tanner Jr., Baylor University Scott Kelley, University of Kentucky William D. Perreault, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Gloria Barczak, Northeastern University Fareena Sultan, Northeastern University Volume 15 311 S. Wacker Dr. · Chicago, IL 60606 © Copyright 2004, American Marketing Association Printed in the United States of America Publications Director: Francesca Van Gorp Cooley Editorial Project Assistant: Charles Chandler Cover Design: Jeanne Nemcek ISSN: 0888-1839 ISBN: 088757-311-5 All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the written permission of the American Marketing Association. ii Preface and Acknowledgments Boston was the setting for the 2004 AMA Summer Educators’ Conference. Both the conference program and the city provided a stimulating environment for attendees. The conference theme, “Enhancing Knowledge Development in Marketing,” encouraged the examination of new approaches to marketing to help both academics and practitioners keep pace with a fast-changing global business environment. The competitive sessions and the large number of special sessions, from both the Special Interest Groups (SIGs) and tracks, helped ensure that the conference accomplished this task. The task of organizing a conference with 80 sessions and hundreds of participants is daunting. To accomplish this, the dedicated efforts of a large number of people are required. First, there are the individuals who submitted papers and developed special sessions. Then, there are the hundreds of reviewers who gave their time and shared their knowledge to enhance the quality of the program. Without their efforts, the papers and special sessions would not have been nearly as beneficial to conference attendees. It goes without saying that the efforts of presenters, discussants, and session chairs in the competitive and special sessions are invaluable. We would be remiss if we did not also acknowledge the efforts that resulted in the special sessions proposed by the SIGs. These sessions represent some of the most informative and useful sessions of the conference. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the work of our conference “Best Paper” committee, which was headed by Tom Kinnear, University of Michigan. Anyone who has worked closely with an AMA Educators’ Conference knows that the track chairs are responsible for accomplishing the lion’s share of the work. The chairs and cochairs of the 14 tracks have worked for more than a year to encourage submissions, coordinate the review process, build the sessions, and provide support and encourage- ment for the special sessions included in the program. We thank them for their tireless efforts. By track, the chairs are as follows: Consumer Behavior Peter A. Dacin, Queens University Global and Cross-Cultural Marketing Jerome Williams, University of Texas at Austin Societal, Public Policy and Ethical Issues Debra J. Ringold, Willamette University Marketing Communications as Integrated Brand Building Chris T. Allen, University of Cincinnati E-Commerce and Technology V. Kumar, University of Connecticut Rajkumar Venkatesan, University of Connecticut Product Management/New Product Development/ Entrepreneurship Anthony Di Benedetto, Temple University Channels of Distribution/Retailing/Supply Chain Management David Gilliland, Colorado State University Stephen Kim, Oregon State University Business-to-Business Marketing and Organizational Buying Behavior Michael D. Hutt, Arizona State University Beth Walker, Arizona State University Marketing Research/Marketing Intelligence Charlotte Mason, University of North Carolina Marketing Strategy/Marketing Management Rohit Deshpandé, Harvard Business School Sales and Sales Management John (Jeff) F. Tanner Jr., Baylor University Services Marketing Scott Kelley, University of Kentucky Marketing Education/Teaching Innovation William D. Perreault, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill SIG Session Coordinators Gloria Barczak, Northeastern University Fareena Sultan, Northeastern University We thank Greg Marshall, AMA Academic Council President, for asking us to chair the conference and for his encouragement and support during that process. We also acknowledge the help of previous conference chairs Randy L. Rose, Bruce Money, William Kehoe and Bill Lindgren for their help in bringing us up to speed and launching this year’s program. The AMA staff also deserve thanks for their help and professionalism. In particular, Clara Nelson, Lynn Brown, Charles Chandler, and Pat Goodrich have kept us on task and on time. Thanks also to Marie Steinhoff for typesetting the proceedings. It was a great conference experience as represented by these proceedings! Ken Bernhardt Pam Scholder Ellen Jim Boles Georgia State University Georgia State University Georgia State University iii Best Papers by Track Business-to-Business Marketing and Marketing Education/Teaching Innovation Organizational Buying Behavior “An Assessment of the Consumer Behavior “Investigating the Antecedents and Outcomes Seminar in Doctoral Programs” of Customer Firm Transaction Cost Savings Ronald J. Bauerly, Western Illinois in a Buyer–Supplier Relationship” University Neeraj Bharadway, University of Texas at Don T. Johnson, Western Illinois Austin University Ken Matsuno, Babson College Marketing Strategy/Marketing Channels of Distribution/Retailing/Supply Management Chain Management “Return on Measurement: Relating Marketing “Exploring Biaxial Agency Relationships and Metrics Practices to Strategic Performance” Their Performance Implications Under Bruce H. Clark, Northeastern University Relational Governance” Andrew V. Abela, Catholic University of Andrew T. Stephen, University of America Queensland Tim Ambler, London Business School Leonard V. Coote, University of Queensland Sales and Sales Management “The Digitization of Selling Capability” E-Commerce and Technology Sundar Bharadarwaj, Emory University “Outsourcing of Customer Relationship Devon Johnson, Emory University Management: Antecedents and Consequences” Services Marketing Kartik Kalaignanam, Texas A&M “Penalty Decade: Examining Customer University Responses to Service Organization’s P. Rajan Varadarajan, Texas A&M Penalties” University Young K. Kim, Shenandoah University Amy K. Smith, George Washington Product Management/New Product University Development/Entrepreneurship “Product Newness and the Stage-Gate Societal, Public Policy, and Ethical Issues Process for New Product Development” “The Strategic Role of Corporate Social Zafar Iqbal, DePaul University Responsibility Programs in Generating Rajeth Sethi, Clarkson University Customer Loyalty and Brand Trial” Julie Pirsch, Villanova University Shruti Gupta, Susquehanna University Stacy Landreth, Villanova University iv 2004 Summer Marketing Educators’ Conference: List of Reviewers A Thomas L. Baker, University of David M. Boush, University of North Carolina at Wilmington Oregon Avery Abernathy, Auburn Anne Balazs, Mississippi Cheri Bradish, Brock University University University for Women Kathryn Braun-LaTour, Auburn Manoj Agarwal, Binghamton A. Dwayne Ball, University of University University Nebraska Eileen Bridges, Kent State Praveen Aggrawal, University of Soumava Bandyopadhyay, Lamar University Minnesota, Duluth University Elten Briggs, University of Michael Ahearne, University of Michael J. Barone, Iowa State Oklahoma Connecticut University Terry Bristol, Arizona State Irfan Ahmed, University of Alaska R. Edward Bashaw, University of University West Liz Alexander, Marshall University Arkansas, Little Rock Steve Brown, University of Javier Alonso, Autonomous Rajeev Batra, University of Houston University of Madrid Michigan Tom J. Brown, Oklahoma State Mark I. Alpert, University of Texas Randy Batsell, Rice University University at Austin William Bearden, University of Merrie L. Brucks, University of John Amis, Memphis State South Carolina Arizona University Michael A. Belch, San Diego State Gary Brunswick, Northern Alan R. Andreasen, Georgetown University Michigan University University Russell W. Belk, University of Frank K. Bryant, Howard Craig Andrews, Marquette Utah University University Joseph Bellizzi, Arizona State Michele D. Bunn, University of Jonlee Andrews, Indiana University, West Campus Alabama University Neeli Bendapudi, Ohio State James Burroughs, University of Meral M. Anitsal, University of University Virginia Tennessee Suzeanne Benet, Grand Valley Scot Burton, University of Charles Areni, University of State University Arkansas Sydney Joseph Ben-Ur, University of Ronald F. Bush, University of Jennifer Argo, University of Houston, Victoria West Florida Alberta David Berkowitz, University of Dennis B. Arnett, Texas Tech Alabama, Huntsville C University Barry Berman, Hofstra University Mark J. Arnold, Saint Louis Thomas M. Bertsch, James Joseph P. Cannon, Colorado State University Madison University University David Aron, DePaul University Lance Bettencourt, Indiana Les Carlson, Clemson University Inigo Arroniz, University of University Russell Casey, Clayton State Central Florida Parmal Bhagat, Philadelphia University Laurence Ashworth, Queen’s University Stephen Castleberry, University of University Neeraj Bharadwaj, University of Minnesota, Duluth Ramon Avila, Ball State University Texas at Austin Steven U. Cates, Nova Andrew B. Aylesworth, Bentley Abe Biswas, Louisiana State Southeastern University College University Joseph Chapman, Ball State David Blanchette, Rhode Island University B College Cristian C. Chelariu, York Charles Blankson, Long Island University Barry J. Babin, University of University Qimei Chen, University of Hawaii, Southern Mississippi Paul N. Bloom, University of North Manoa Ainsworth A. Bailey, University of Carolina Mee-Shew Cheung, University of Toledo Charles D. Bodkin, University of Tennessee Julie A. Baker, University of Texas North Carolina Terry L. Childers, University of at Arlington Ed Bond, Bradley University Kentucky Stacey Menzel Baker, University of Paula Fitzgerald Bone, West Larry Chonko, Baylor University Wyoming Virginia University Tim Christiansen, Montana State Greg Bonner, Villanova University University v Alka Citrin, Georgia Institute of Martin Fraering, University of H Technology Texas-Pan American Bruce H. Clark, Northeastern Gary L. Frankwick, Oklahoma Alexander Haas, University of University State University Erlangen, Nuernberg Cindy A. Claycomb, Wichita State Frank J. Franzak, Virginia Jay M. Handelman, Queen’s University Commonwealth University University Stephen W. Clopton, Appalachian Dan Freeman, University of Richard C. Hansen, Ferris State State University Delaware University Catherine A. Cole, University of Olivier Furrer, University of Angela Hausman, University of Iowa Nijmegen Texas-Pan American Lucette Comer, Purdue University Jon Hawes, University of Akron T. Bettina Cornwell, Queensland G Thomas J. Hayes, Xavier University University Angelica Cortes, University of Tao (Tony) Gao, Hofstra Timothy B. Heath, Miami Texas-Pan American University University of Ohio June S. Cotte, University of Lawrence L. Garber Jr., Kelly Hewett, Winthrop University Western Ontario Appalachian State University Ronald P. Hill, University of South Robin A. Coulter, Univers Rosanna Garcia, Northeastern Florida University of Wyoming University Elizabeth C. Hirschman, Rutgers Sean Dwyer, Louisiana Tech Jule B. Gassenheimer, University University University of Kentucky Sharon Hodge, Elon University Ken Gehrt, San Jose State Doug Hoffman, Colorado State E University University James W. Gentry, University of John Hogan, Strategic Pricing Raj Echambadi, University of Nebraska Group Central Florida Inge Geyskens, Tilburg University Susan Hogan, Emory University Ahmet Ekici, Bilkent University Morry Ghingold, Bloomsburg Hartmut Holzmueller, Universität University of Pennsylvania Dortmund F Mary C. Gilly, University of Earl Honeycutt, Elon University California, Irvine Christopher D. Hopkins, Clemson Xiang Fang, Oklahoma State Daniel J. Goebel, Illinois State University University University Ichirou Horide, Reitaku University William T. Faranda, James Gabriel Gonzalez, Colorado State David Horne, California State Madison University University University, Long Beach Dalia A. Farrag, AASTMT Ronald C. Goodstein, Georgetown Mark B. Houston, University of Linda Ferrell, University of University Missouri, Columbia Wyoming John I. Graham, University of Michael Houston, University of O. C. Ferrell, Colorado State California, Irvine Minnesota University Kimberly D. Granthan, University Daniel J. Howard, Southern Troy Festervand, Middle of Georgia Methodist University Tennessee State University Mitch Griffin, Bradley University Yili Huang, University of Illinois at Leslie Fine, Ohio State University David A. Griffith, Michigan State Chicago Adam Finn, University of Alberta University John S. Hulland, University of Robert J. Fisher, University of Barbara L. Gross, California State Pittsburgh Western Ontario University, Northridge James M. Hunt, Temple University Raymond P. Fisk, University of Stephen J. Grove, Clemson Kenneth A. Hunt, Fort Lewis New Orleans University College Karen Flaherty, Oklahoma State Rajesh Gulati, Saint Cloud State Gary Hunter, Arizona State University University University Renee A. Florsheim, Loyola Gregory T. Gundlach, University Julie Huntley, Oral Roberts Marymount University of North Florida University Lukas Forbes, Western Kentucky Pranjal Gupta, University of Gatignon Hurbert, INSEAD University Central Florida Andrew M. Forman, Hofstra Kevin Gwinner, Kansas State I University University Christophe Fournier, Montpellier Subin Im, San Francisco State University University vi Charles A. Ingene, University of William Keep, Quinnipiac Kam Hon Lee, Chinese University Mississippi University of Hong Kong Scott Inks, Ball State University William J. Kehoe, University of Sanghyun Eddie Lee, Purdue Jeffrey J. Inman, University of Virginia University Pittsburgh Scott Kelley, University of Donald Lehmann, Columbia Easwar Iyer, University of Kentucky University Massachusetts Kathleen J. Kelly, Colorado State James H. Leigh, Texas A&M University University J Patricia Kennedy, University of Bill Lesch, University of North Nebraska-Lincoln Dakota Donald W. Jackson Jr., Arizona Bob Kent, University of Delaware Jack Lesser, Miami University of State University Antia D. Kersi, University of Ohio Laurence Jacobs, University of Western Ontario Peter Popkowski Leszczyc, Hawaii, Manoa Omar Khan, Boeing Institute of University of Alberta Haeran Jae, University of International Business Aron Levin, Northern Kentucky Kentucky John Kim, Oakland University University F. Jaramillo, University of South Ahmet Kirca, University of South Terry Loe, Kennesaw State Florida Carolina University Cheryl Burke Jarvis, Arizona State Jill G. Klein, INSEAD Tara Lopez, University of Southern University Lisa R. Klein, Cornell University Mississippi Satish Jayachandran, University of Susan Kleine, Bowling Green State Kenneth Lord, Mercer University South Carolina University William Lundstrom, Cleveland Bob Jewell, Virginia Tech Richard H. Kolbe, Kent State State University Jean L. Johnson, Washington State University Nicholas Lurie, University of North University Robert V. Kozinets, Northwestern Carolina, Chapel Hill Chris Joiner, George Mason University Richard J. Lutz, University of University Balaji C. Krishnan, University of Florida Eli Jones, University of Houston Memphis John G. Lynch, Duke University Marilyn Y. Jones, Bond University Trichy Krishnan, National Gary Lynn, Stevens Institute of Sungwoo Jung, State University of University of Singapore Technology New York, Oneonta Michelle B. Kunz, Morehead State William M. Lynn, Cornell University University K L M Manish Kacker, Tulane University Michael A. Kamins, University of Gene R. Laczniak, Marquette Deborah J. MacInnis, University of Southern California University Southern California Destan Kandemir, Michigan State Russell N. Laczniak, Iowa State Scott MacKenzie, Indiana University University University Pallassana K. Kannan, University Raymond LaForge, University of Douglas MacLachlan, University of Maryland Louisville of Washington Dimitri Kapelianis, Arizona State Jay Lambe, Virginia Tech Thomas Madden, University of University Richard Lancioni, Temple South Carolina Kiran Karande, Old Dominion University Vijay Mahajan, University of University Michel Laroche, Concordia Texas at Austin Eric J. Karson, Villanova University Naresh Malhotra, Georgia Institute University Michael S. LaTour, Auburn of Technology Jack J. Kasulis, University of University Alan J. Malter, University of Oklahoma Robert F. Lauterborn, University of Arizona Constantine S. Katsikeas, Cardiff North Carolina Chris Manolis, Xavier University University Debra Laverie, Texas Tech Ray A. Marquardt, Arizona State Patrick J. Kaufmann, Boston University University University Diana Lawson, Saginaw Valley Dawne Martin, Kansas State Carol J. Kaufman-Scarborough, State University University Rutgers University Angela Y. Lee, Northwestern Ingrid M. Martin, California State Susan M. Keaveney, University of University University, Long Beach Colorado vii Carolyn Massiah, Arizona State Elizabeth S. Moore, University of Laura A. Peracchio, University of University Notre Dame Wisconsin, Milwaukee Charla Mathwick, Portland State Marian C. Moore, University of A. Morys Perry, Michigan State University Virginia University Ken Matsuno, Babson College William Moore, University of Utah Robert Peterson, University of James Trey Maxham, University of Neil A. Morgan, University of Texas Virginia North Carolina Ross D. Petty, Babson College Michael B. Mazis, American Maureen A. Morrin, Rutgers Greg Pickett, Clemson University University University, Camden Nigel F. Piercy, University of Larry McCarthy, Seton Hall Linda Morris, University of Idaho Warwick University Marlene Morris, Georgetown Kishore Gopalakrishna Pillai, Michael McCarthy, Miami University Florida State University University of Ohio Carol M. Motley, Howard Robert E. Pitts, Creighton Michael A. McCollough, University University University of Idaho Susan M. Mudambi, Temple Michael Polonsky, Victoria Robert E. McDonald III, Texas University University Tech University Avinandan Mukherjee, University Constance Porter, Georgia State Lydia McKinley-Floyd, Clark of Bradford University Atlanta University B. P. S. Murthi, University of Mark Pritchard, Arizona State Edward McQuarrie, Santa Clara Texas, Dallas University University Matthew B. Myers, University of Chris Pullig, Baylor University Raj Mehta, University of Tennessee Girish N. Punj, University of Cincinnati Niklas Myhr, American University Connecticut Sanjay Mehta, Sam Houston State University N Q Meg Meloy, Pennsylvania State University Susan L. Nelson, University of William J. Qualls, University of Mohan Menon, University of South North Dakota Illinois Alabama Jesper Nielsen, University of Pascale Quester, University of Matt Meuter, California State Arizona Adelaid University, Chico Rakesh K. Niraj, University of Timothy P. Meyer, University of Southern California R Wisconsin, Green Bay Morgan P. Miles, Georgia Southern O Pushkala Raman, Florida State University University Barbara Oates, Texas A&M Seshan Ramaswami, Singapore Felicia Miller, University of University Management University Cincinnati Matthew P. O’Brien, University of Brian T. Ratchford, University of George R. Milne, University of Arizona Maryland Massachusetts Gabriel Ogunmokun, University of Pradeep A. Rau, George Soonhong Min, University of Southern Queensland Washington University Oklahoma David J. Ortinau, University of William Redmond, Bowling Green Sungwook (Sam) Min, California South Florida State University State University Amy L. Ostrom, Arizona State Werner Reinartz, INSEAD Michael S. Minor, University of University Edward Rigdon, Georgia State Texas-Pan American Cele Otnes, University of Illinois University Andrew A. Mitchell, University of A. Ben Oumlil, University of Shannon B. Rinaldo, University of Toronto Dayton Kentucky Toshihiko Miura, Chuo University Aric Rindfleisch, University of Sumaria Mohan-Neill, Roosevelt P Arizona University Robin J. B. Ritchie, University of Jakki J. Mohr, University of Michael Pass, California State Western Ontario Montana University, San Marcus Anthony S. Roath, University of Bruce Money, University of South Audesh Paswan, University of Oklahoma Carolina North Texas Mary Lou Roberts, University of David Moore, University of Antony Peloso, Arizona State Massachusetts, Boston Michigan University viii Anne L. Roggeveen, Babson Arun Sharma, University of Miami Baohong Sun, University of North College David Shepherd, Kennesaw State Carolina José Antonio Rosa, Case Western University Suresh Sundaram, Loyola College Reserve University Elaine Sherman, Hofstra University in Maryland Randall L. Rose, University of Eric Shih, Wake Forest University Scott R. Swanson, University of South Carolina Okazaki Shintaro, Autonomous Wisconsin, Whitewater William T. Ross, Pennsylvania University of Madrid Niladri Syam, University of State University Shannon Shipp, Texas Christian Houston Aleda Roth, University of North University Carolina, Chapel Hill Judy A. Siguaw, Cornell University T Donald Roy, Middle Tennessee Tim Silk, University of Florida State University David H. Silvera, University of Raghu Tadepalli, Xavier University Thomas L. Rudolph, University of Tromso Debrata Talukdar, State University St. Gallen Jagdip Singh, Case Western of New York, Buffalo Cristel Russell, San Diego State Reserve University Charles (Raymond) Taylor, University Indrajit Sinha, Temple University Villanova University J. Edward Russo, Cornell Eugene Sivadas, Rutgers Valeria Taylor, University of University University Tennessee, Chattanooga Anu Sivaraman, University of Ramendra Thakur, Southern S Houston Illinois University, Carbondale Stanley Slater, Colorado State Hans M. Thjomoe, Norwegian Gad Saad, Concordia University University School of Management Jeffrey Sager, University of North Rebecca J. Slotegraaf, Indiana Gloria Thompson, University of Texas University Phoenix Sema Sakarya, Bogzaici University Daniel C. Smith, Indiana Phil Titus, Bowling Green State Saeed Samiee, University of Tulsa University University Ozlem Sandikci, Bilkent University Michael F. Smith, Temple Jeffrey Totten, Southeastern Mitrabarun Sarkar, University of University Louisiana University Central Florida Alina Sorescu, Texas A&M Louis W. Turley, Western Pookie T. Sautter, New Mexico University Kentucky University State University Mark Speece, Asian Institute of Jan Napoleon Saykiewicz, Technology U Duquesne University Susan Spiggle, University of Debra L. Scammon, University of Connecticut Wolfgang Ulaga, ESCP-EAP Utah Mark T. Spriggs, University of St. European School of Hope J. Schau, Temple University Thomas Management Jeffrey Schmidt, University of David E. Sprott, Washington State U. N. Umesh, Washington State Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University University Matt Seevers, University of Narasimhan Srinivasan, University David J. Urban, Virginia Kentucky of Connecticut Commonwealth University Richard Semenik, Montanta State Claire Stammerjohan, Washington University State University V Sankar Sen, City University of Simona Stan, University of Oregon Clay Voorhees, Florida State New York, Baruch Muarura H. Stein, Nova University Sanjit Sengupta, San Francisco Southeastern University Glenn B. Voss, North Carolina State University Nancy J. Stephens, Arizona State State University Rajagopalan Sethuraman, Southern University Kevin E. Voss, Oklahoma State Methodist University Michelle Steward, Arizona State University Murphy A. Sewall, University of University Connecticut David W. Stewart, University of W Abhay Shah, University of Southern California Colorado, Pueblo David Strutton, University of North A. N. M. Waheeduzzaman, Texas Reshma Shah, Emory University Texas A&M University Matt Shank, Northern Kentucky Rodney L. Stump, Morgan State Kirk Wakefield, Baylor University University University Suzanne B. Walchli, University of Richard Shannon, Western Ursula Y. Sullivan, University of the Pacific Kentucky University Illinois ix Gianfranco Walsh, University of Chris White, Michigan State Nancy Wong, Georgia Institute of Hannover University Technology Wakiuri Wamwara-Mbugua, Klaus-Peter Wiedmann, University Veronica W. Wong, Aston Wright State University of Hannover University Walter Wang, Pennsylvania State Joshua Wiener, Oklahoma State Barbara Ross Wooldridge, University University University of Tampa James Ward, Arizona State William L. Wilkie, University of Rosalind Wyatt, University of University Notre Dame Houston Danny Weathers, Louisiana State Patti Williams, University of Scott Wysong, University of Dallas University Pennsylvania Kevin H. Webb, University of Terrell G. Williams, Western X Richmond Washington University William Weeks, Baylor University James Wills, University of Hawaii Henry Yu Xie, Saint Louis Yinghong Wei, University of North Dale Wilson, Michigan State University Carolina University Marc Weinberger, University of Phillip Wilson, Midwestern State Y Massachusetts University Richard Yalch, University of Cassandra D. Wells, Morehouse Alma Wimsatt, Texas A&M Washington College Commerce Ruoh-Nan Yan, University of Marcel Weverbergh, University of Jorge Wise, Monterrey Tech Arizona Antwerp Mary Wolfinbarger, California Kim Sally Young, George Yun-Oh Whang, University of State University, Long Beach Washington University Central Florida x
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