2002 CIA World Factbook

725 Pages·2001·168.5 MB·English

by  United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Physical Map of the World, June 2002
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Central
Intelligence
Agency
The
World
Factbook
2002
Ingeneral, information available as of 1January
2002 was used inthe preparation of this edition.
The World Factbook isprepared by the Central
Intelligence Agency for the use of US Government
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ABrief History of Basic Intelligence and
The World Factbook
The IntelligenceCycleis theprocessby whichinformation the JointArmy Navy IntelligenceStudies (JANIS). JAN ISwas
is acquired,convertedintointelligence,andmadeavailableto the first interdepartmental basic intelligence program to fulfill
policymakers,Informationis rawdatafrom any source,data the needs of the US Government for an authoritative and
that may be fragmentary,contradictory,unreliable, coordinated appraisal of strategic basic intelligence. Between
ambiguous,deceptive, orwrong. Intelligenceis information April 1943 and July 1947, the board published 34 JANIS
thathasbeen collected,integrated,evaluated,analyzed, and studies. JANIS performed well inthe war effort, and
interpreted.FinishedIntelligence is the finalproduct of the numerous letters of commendation were received, including a
Intelligence Cycleready to be deliveredto the policymaker. statement from Adm. Forrest Sherman, Chief of Staff, Pacific
Ocean Areas, which said, "JANIS has become the
The three types of finished intelligence are: basic, current, indispensable reference work for the shore-based planners."
and estimative. Basic intelligence provides the fundamental The need for more comprehensive basic intelligence in
and factual reference material on a country or issue. Current the postwar world was well expressed in1946 by George S.
intelligence reports on new developments. Estimative Pettee, a noted author on national security. He wrote in The
intelligence judges probable outcomes. The three are Future ofAmerican SecretIntelligence(infantry Journal
mutually supportive: basic intelligence is the foundation on Press, 1946, page 46) that world leadership inpeace requires
which the other two are constructed; current intelligence even more elaborate intelligence than inwar. "The conduct of
continually updates the inventory of knowledge; and peace involves all countries, all human activities -not just the
estimative intelligence revises overall interpretations of enemy and his war production.'
country and issue prospects for guidance of basic and current The Central Intelligence Agency was established on 26
intelligence. The WorldFactbook,The President'sDaily Brief, July 1947 and officially began operating on 18 September
and the NationalIntelligence Estimatesare examples of the 1947. Effective 1 October 1947, the Director of Central
three types of finished intelligence. Intelligence assumed operational responsibility for JANIS. On
The United States has carded on foreign intelligence 13 January 1948, the National Security Council issued
activities since the days of George Washington but only since Intelligence Directive (NSCID) No. 3, which authorized the
World War IIhave they been coordinated on a government- NationalIntelligence Survey (NIS) program as a peacetime
wide basis. Three programs have highlighted the replacement for the wartime JANIS program. Before
development of coordinated basic intelligence since thattime: adequate NIS country sections could be produced,
(1)the JointArmy Navy Intelligence Studies(JANIS), (2)the government agencies had to develop more comprehensive
National IntelligenceSurvey (NIS), and (3) The World gazetteers and better maps. The US Board on Geographic
Factbook. Names (BGN) compiled the names; the Department of the
During World War II,intelligence consumers realized that Interior produced the gazetteers; and CIA produced the
the production of basic intelligence by different components of maps.
the US Government resulted ina great duplication of effort The Hoover Commission's Clark Committee, set up in
and conflicting information. The Japanese attack on Pearl 1954 to study the structure and administration of the CIA,
Harbor in1941 brought home to leaders inCongress and the reported to Congress in1955 that: "The National Intelligence
executive branch the need for integrating departmental Survey isan invaluable publication which provides the
reports to national policymakers. Detailed and coordinated essential elements of basic intelligence on all areas of the
information was.needed not only on such major powers as world. There will always be a continuing requirement for
Germany and Japan, but also on places of little previous keeping the Survey up-to-date." The Factbookwas created as
interest. Inthe Pacific Theater, for example, the Navy and an annual summary and update to the encyclopedic NIS
Marines had to launch amphibious operations against many studies. The first classified Factbookwas published inAugust
islands about which information was unconfirmed or 1962, and the first unclassified version was published inJune
nonexistent. Intelligence authorities resolved that the United 1971. The NIS program was terminated in1973 except for the
States should never again be caught unprepared. Factbook,map, and gazetteer components. The 1975
In1943, Gen. George B.Strong (G-2), Adm. H. C.T rain Factbookwas the first to be made available to the public with
(Office of Naval Intelligence -ONI), and Gen. William J. sales through the US Govemment Printing Office (GPO). The
Donovan (Director of the Office of Strategic Services- OSS) year2002 marks the 55th anniversary of the establishment of
decided that a joint effort should be initiated. Asteering the Central Intelligence Agency and the 59th year of
committee was appointed on 27 April 1943 that continuous basic intelligence support to the US Government
recommended the formation of a Joint Intelligence Study by The World Factbook and its two predecessor programs.
Publishing Board to assemble, edit, coordinate, and publish
Contents
Page Page Page
Notes and Definitions vii Central African Republic 99 Greece 203
Guide to Country Profiles xxix Chad 102 Greenland 206
A Afghanistan 1 Chile 104 Grenada 208
Albania 3 China (also see separateHong Kong, 107 Guadeloupe 210
Algeria 6 Macau, and Taiwan entries) Guam 212
American Samoa 8 Christmas Island 110 Guatemala 214
Andorra 10 Clipperlon Island 111 Guernsey 216
Angola 12 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 112 Guinea 218
Anguilla 15 Colombia 113 Guinea-Bissau 220
Antarctica 16 Comoros 116 Guyana 223
Antigua and Barbuda 19 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 118 H Haiti 225
Arctic Ocean 21 Congo, Republic of the 121 Heard Island and McDonald Islands 227
Argentina 21 Cook Islands 123 Holy See (Vatican City) 228
Armenia 24 Coral Sea Islands 125 Honduras 229
Aruba 27 Costa Rica 126 Hong Kong 232
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 29 Cote d'lvoire 128 Howland Island 234
Atlantic Ocean 29 Croatia 131 Hungary 235
Australia 30 Cuba 134 I Iceland 238
Austria 33 Cyprus 137 India 240
Azerbaijan 36 Czech Republic 140 Indian Ocean 243
B Bahamas, The 38 D Denmark 142 Indonesia 244
Bahrain 40 Djibouti 145 Iran 246
Baker Island 42 Dominica 147 Iraq 249
Bangladesh 43 Dominican Republic 149 Ireland 252
Barbados 45 E East Timor 151 Israel (alsosee separateGazaStrip 254
Bassas da India 47 Ecuador 153 and West Bank entries)
Belarus 48 Egypt 155 Italy 257
Belgium 50 El Salvador 158 J Jamaica 260
Belize 53 Equatorial Guinea 160 Jan Mayen 262
Benin 55 Eritrea 162 Japan 263
Bermuda 58 Estonia 165 Jarvis Island 265
Bhutan 60 Ethiopia 167 Jersey 266
Bolivia 62 Europa Island 170 Johnston Atoll 268
Bosnia and Herzegovina 64 F Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 170 Jordan 269
Botswana 68 Faroe Islands 172 Juan de Nova Island 271
Bouvet Island 70 Fiji 174 K Kazakhstan 272
Brazil 70 Finland 176 Kenya 275
British Indian Ocean Territory 73 France 179 Kingman Reef 277
British Virgin Islands 74 French Guiana 182 Kiribati 278
Brunei 76 French Polynesia 184 Korea, North 280
Bulgaria 78 French Southern and Antarctic Lands 186 Korea, South 282
Burkina Faso 81 G Gabon 187 Kuwait 285
Burma 83 Gambia, The 189 Kyrgyzstan 287
Burundi 86 Gaza Strip 191 L Laos 289
C Cambodia 88 Georgia 193 Latvia 292
Cameroon 91 Germany 195 Lebanon 294
Canada 93 Ghana 198 Lesotho 297
Cape Verde 96 Gibraltar 201 Liberia 299
Cayman Islands 98 Glorioso Islands 202 Libya 301
Page Page Page
Liechtenstein 303 Paraguay 407 Trinidad and Tobago 514
Lithuania 305 Peru 409 Tromelin Island 516
Luxembourg 308 Philippines 412 Tunisia 517
M Macau 310 Pitcaim Islands 415 Turkey 519
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav 312 Poland 416 Turkmenistan 522
Republic of Portugal 419 Turks and Caicos Islands 525
Madagascar 314 Puerto Rico 422 Tuvalu 526
Malawi 317 0 Qatar 424 U Uganda 528
Malaysia 319 R Reunion 426 Ukraine 531
Maldives 322 Romania 428 United Arab Emirates 534
Mali 324 Russia 431 United Kingdom 536
Malta 326 Rwanda 434 United States 540
Man, Isle of 328 S Saint Helena 437 Uruguay 543
Marshall Islands 330 Saint Kitts and Nevis 438 Uzbekistan 546
Martinique 332 Saint Lucia 440 V Vanuatu 548
Mauritania 334 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 442 Venezuela 550
Mauritius 336 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 444 Vietnam 553
Mayotte 338 Samoa 446 Virgin Islands 555
Mexico 340 San Marino 448 W Wake Island 557
Micronesia, Federated States of 343 Sao Tome and Principe 450 Wallis and Futuna 558
Midway Islands 345 Saudi Arabia 452 West Bank 560
Moldova 346 Senegal 454 Western Sahara 562
Monaco 348 Seychelles 456 World 564
Mongolia 350 Sierra Leone 458 Y Yemen 566
MMoonntseorrsact orat4Singapore 353 461 Yugoslavia 568
Morocco 354 Slovakia 463 Z Zambia 571
Mozambiu Slovenia 466 Zimbabwe 573
N Namibia 360 Solomon Islands 468 Taiwan 576
Nauru 382 Somalia 470
Navassa Island 364 South Africa 473
Nepal 365 South Georgia and the South 475
Netherlands 367 Sandwich Islands
Netherlands Antilles 370 Southern Ocean 476
New Caledonia 372 Spain 478
New Zealand 374 Spratly Islands 481
Nicaragua 377 Sri Lanka 481
Niger 379 Sudan 484
Nigeria 382 Suriname 486
Niue 384 Svalbard 489
Norfolk Island 386 Swaziland 490
Northern Mariana Islands 388 Sweden 492
Norway 390 Switzerland , 495
0 Oman 392 Syria 497
P Pacific Ocean 394 T Taiwan entry follows Zimbabwe
Pakistan 395 Tajikistan 500
Palau 398 Tanzania 503
Palmyra Atoll 400 Thailand 505
Panama 401 Togo 508
Papua New Guinea 404 Tokelau 510
Paracel Islands 406 Tonga 512
.IV
Page
Appendixes A: Abbreviations 579
B: International Organizations and Groups 586
C: Selected International Environmental Agreements 621
D: Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes 629
E: Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes 637
F: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names 638
Reference Maps Africa
Antarctic Region
Arctic Region
Asia
Central America and the Caribbean
Europe
Middle East
North America
Oceania
Physical Map of the World
Political Map of the World
South America
Southeast Asia
Standard Time Zones of the World
United States
v
Notes and Definitions
Inaddition to the updating of information, the following changes have been made
inthis edition of The World Factbook.There isa new country profile on East Timor
and there isa new entry on Distribution offamily income -Gini index. Revision
of some individual country maps, first introduced inthe 2001 edition, iscontinued
inthis edition. The revised maps include elevation extremes and apartial
geographic grid.
Abbreviations: This information isincluded inAppendix A: Abbreviations,
which includes all abbreviations and acronyms used inthe Factbook,with their
expansions.
Acronyms: An acronym isan abbreviation coined from the initial letter of each
successive word ina term or phrase. Ingeneral, an acronym made up solely from
the first letter of the major words inthe expanded form isrendered inall capital
letters (NATO from North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an exception would be
ASEAN for Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Ingeneral, an acronym made
up of more than the first letter of the majorwords inthe expanded form isrendered
with only an initial capital letter (Comsat from Communications Satellite
Corporation; an exception would be NAM from Nonaligned Movement). Hybrid
forms are sometimes used to distinguish between initially identical terms (WTO:
WTrO for World Trade Organization and WToO for World Tourism Organization.)
Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory
terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on
Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on
by BGN are noted.
Age structure: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to
age. Information isincluded by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years,
65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects anation's key
socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under
age 15) need to invest more inschools, while countries with older populations
(high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more inthe health sector. The
age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For
example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment
can lead to unrest.
Agriculture -products: This entry isa rank ordering of major crops and products
starting with the most important.
Airports: This entry gives the total number of airports. The runway(s) may be
paved (concrete or asphalt surfaces) or unpaved (grass, dirt, sand, or gravel
surfaces), but must be usable. Not all airports have facilities for refueling,
maintenance, or air traffic control.
Airports -with paved runways: This entry gives thetotal number of airports with
paved runways (concrete or asphalt surfaces) by length. For airports with more
than one runway, only the longest runway isincluded according to the following five
groups -(1)over 3,047 m,( 2)2 ,438 to 3,047 m,( 3)1 ,524 to 2,437 m,( 4)9 14 to
1,523 m,and (5)under 914 m.Only airports with usable runways are included in
this listing. Not all airports have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic
control.
Airports -with unpaved runways: This entry gives the total number of airports
with unpaved runways (grass,dirt, sand, orgravel surfaces) by length. For airports
with more than one runway, only the longest runway isincluded according to the
vii