20 Years after the Collapse of Communism: Expectations, achievements and disillusions of 1989 (Interdisciplinary Studies on Central and Eastern Europe)

683 Pages·6.016 MB·English

by  Nicolas Hayoz (editor), Leszek Jesien (editor), Daniela Koleva (editor)

INTERDISCIPLINARY STuDIES oN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EuRoPE 9 9 INTERDISCIPLINARY STuDIES oN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EuRoPE 9
The volume is an attempt to assess the meanings of 1989, in particular m
s
the multiple transformation processes and their effects in Eastern ni
Europe. Obviously, the realities of the post-communist transform- u
m
20 years after
ations have not met the expectations. Were the expectations too m
high? Did democratic institutions prove incompatible with local o
c
cultures? Was their implementation too fast to correspond to a f the collapse
o
genuine development of democratic culture? Whatever the reasons, e
the road to democracy has turned out to be steeper and the commun- ps
a of communism
ist legacy heavier than expected. l
l
The authors of this volume seek to comprehend the intricacies of o
c
various aspects of the post-communist transition; looking at a broad e
h
array of countries that have followed different paths. The studies Expectations, achievements
t
combine methods of different disciplines. ‘Insider’ perspectives are er and disillusions of 1989
juxtaposed with external assessments. This comparative and problem t
f
a
based approach brings into focus the ambiguities of the unfinished s
transformations as well as their broader cultural contexts: the politics r
a
of history and the battles for new memory, the re-signification of past e
y
and present, and the problematic transformation of homo sovieticus 0
2
into an autonomous and responsive subject. s)
d
e
(

a
Nicolas Hayoz is associate professor of political science and the v
e
director of the Interfaculty Institute for Central and Eastern Europe at ol
k
the University of Fribourg (Switzerland).
&
Nicolas Hayoz
leszek JesieN´ coordinates the EU research at the Polish Institute ´en
si Leszek Jesien´
of International Affairs, and lectures at the Collegium Civitas and the e
National School of Public Administration in Warsaw. z, J Daniela Koleva
o
(eds)
y
DaNiela koleva is associate professor at the Department for a
h
History and Theory of Culture, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
ISBN 978-3-0343-0538-9
PETER LANg
www.peterlang.com
INTERDISCIPLINARY STuDIES oN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EuRoPE 9 9 INTERDISCIPLINARY STuDIES oN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EuRoPE 9
The volume is an attempt to assess the meanings of 1989, in particular m
s
the multiple transformation processes and their effects in Eastern ni
Europe. Obviously, the realities of the post-communist transform- u
m
20 years after
ations have not met the expectations. Were the expectations too m
high? Did democratic institutions prove incompatible with local o
c
cultures? Was their implementation too fast to correspond to a f the collapse
o
genuine development of democratic culture? Whatever the reasons, e
the road to democracy has turned out to be steeper and the commun- ps
a of communism
ist legacy heavier than expected. l
l
The authors of this volume seek to comprehend the intricacies of o
c
various aspects of the post-communist transition; looking at a broad e
h
array of countries that have followed different paths. The studies Expectations, achievements
t
combine methods of different disciplines. ‘Insider’ perspectives are er and disillusions of 1989
juxtaposed with external assessments. This comparative and problem t
f
a
based approach brings into focus the ambiguities of the unfinished s
transformations as well as their broader cultural contexts: the politics r
a
of history and the battles for new memory, the re-signification of past e
y
and present, and the problematic transformation of homo sovieticus 0
2
into an autonomous and responsive subject. s)
d
e
(

a
Nicolas Hayoz is associate professor of political science and the v
e
director of the Interfaculty Institute for Central and Eastern Europe at ol
k
the University of Fribourg (Switzerland).
&
Nicolas Hayoz
leszek JesieN´ coordinates the EU research at the Polish Institute ´en
si Leszek Jesien´
of International Affairs, and lectures at the Collegium Civitas and the e
National School of Public Administration in Warsaw. z, J Daniela Koleva
o
(eds)
y
DaNiela koleva is associate professor at the Department for a
h
History and Theory of Culture, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
ISBN 978-3-0343-0538-9
PETER LANg
www.peterlang.com
20 Years after
the Collapse
of Communism
INTERDISCIPLINARY STuDIES
ON CENTRAL AND EASTERN EuROPE
Vol. 9
Edited by
Christian Giordano, Nicolas Hayoz & Jens Herlth
PETER LANG
Bern • Berlin • Bruxelles • Frankfurt am Main • New York • Oxford • Wien
niColas haYoz
leszek Jesien´
Daniela koleva (eDs)
20 Years after
the Collapse
of Communism
expectations, achievements
and disillusions of 1989
PETER LANG
Bern • Berlin • Bruxelles • Frankfurt am Main • New York • Oxford • Wien
Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek
Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National bibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at ‹http://dnb.ddb.de›.
A catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library, Great Britain.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
20 years after the collapse of communism : expectations, achievements and
disillusions of 1989 / Nicolas Hayoz, Leszek Jesien, Daniela Koleva (eds).
p. cm. -- (Interdisciplinary studies on Central and Eastern Europe,
ISSN 1661-1349 ; v. 9)
ISBN 978-3-0343-0538-9
1. Europe, Eastern--History--1989- 2. Europe, Eastern--Politics and govern-
ment--1989- 3. Post-communism--Europe, Eastern. I. Hayoz, Nicolas. II. Jesien,
Leszek. III. Koleva, Daniela. IV. Title: Twenty years after the collapse of communism.
DJK51.A13 2011
947.0009'048--dc23
2011024230
Cover illustration: URANIA by Amer Kapetanovic´.
ISSN 1661­1349 (Print­Ausgabe)
ISBN 978­3­0343­0538­9 E­ISBN 978­3­0351­0273­4
© Peter Lang AG, International Academic Publishers, Bern 2011
Hochfeldstrasse 32, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
[email protected], www.peterlang.com, www.peterlang.net
All rights reserved.
All parts of this publication are protected by copyright.
Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the
permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution.
This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and
storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems.
Printed in Switzerland
Table of Contents
Nicolas Hayoz, Daniela Koleva, and Leszek Jesień
Introduction: Paths of Ambiguous Transformation
after 20 Years 9
Part 1: Ambiguities of Unfinished Transformations
Leszek Jesień
A Sketch on Europeanization with the EU in Focus:
Poland 1989–2004–2009 27
Zhidas Daskalovski
The Influence of EU Conditionality and Europeanization
on the Consolidation of Macedonia 49
Blagovesta Cholova and Daniel Bochsler
From Big Political Change to Permanent Change
of Governments. The Logic of 20 Years of Political Party
Competition in Central and Eastern Europe 85
Nicole Gallina and Nicolas Hayoz
Beyond Democracy: The Relevance of Informal Power
in Eastern Europe 119
Valentina Dimitrova-Grajzl
Trust, Path Dependence and Historical Legacy:
The Second Decade after Transition 143
Arben Hajrullahu
The Missing ‘Functional Elite’ and the Challenge
of Democratization 167
6 Table of Contents
Mentor Agani and Remzije Istrefi
The Promise of 1989 – Kosovo’s Lost Treasure 177
Benedikt Harzl
Nationalism, Democracy and Independence Revisited:
The Cases of Kosovo and Abkhazia 203
Ghia Nodia
External (F)actors in Democratization:
Lessons From the Georgian Experience 229
Giga Zedania
Societal Values in Georgia: Twenty Years Later 253
Christian Giordano
Mythologies of Postsocialism: The Legends of Revolution
and Transition Twenty Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall 273
Part 2: Confronting the Past
Irina Novikova
Baltic Lieux de mémoire of the 1990s to Early 2000s:
Nostalgia, Trauma, Change 295
Tomas Kavaliauskas
Different Meanings of May 9th, Victory Day
over Nazi Germany for Russia and the Baltic States 319
Stefan Dietrich
(Re)writing History in the 1990s: Croatia and World War II
Politics of Remembrance in Croatia – from the 1990s
to the Present Day 337
Andriy Portnov
Post-Soviet Ukraine and Belarus Dealing
with “The Great Patriotic War” 369
Table of Contents 7
Christophe von Werdt
“Cossacks into State-Builders” – Constructing Historical
“Cossack-Statehood” in Ukraine: A Case Study 383
Krzysztof Brzechczyn
The Forgotten Legacy of Solidarność and Lost Opportunities
to Build a Democratic Capitalist System Following the Fall
of Communism in Poland 395
Daniela Koleva
Hope for the Past? Postsocialist Nostalgia 20 Years Later 417
Martin Pogačar
Traces of Yugoslavia: Yuniverse Beyond Nostalgia 435
Jan Čulík
Current Czech Opinion of the pre-1989 and post-1989
Regimes: Disillusionment with Politics,
Regardless of Party Political Allegiances 461
Jasmina Husanović
Recasting Transitions after The Fall:
Global Governance of Trauma and the Politics
of Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina 495
Part 3: Texts in Changing Contexts: Values and Meanings
François Ruegg
High Heels and Blue Jeans.
What Are the Visible Signs of Democracy? 521
Nenad Miscevic
Nation, Border and Territory –
Reflecting on Croatian Experiences 537
8 Table of Contents
Jan Woleński
From Controlled Liberalism to Real Pluralism
The Development of Philosophy in Poland
at the End of the Communist Era 559
Maciej Urbanowski
Between a Valley of Joy and a Valley of Nothingness
The Year 1989 and Polish Literature 573
Ioana Both
How to Tell the Truth with Words:
Romanian Post-Communist Literature 589
Michael Müller
Essay and Travelogue. Two Literary Genres
that Have Been Rediscovered during the Debate
on the Yugoslavian Collapse 609
Judit Friedrich
Blaming versus Healing: Facing Communist Informers
of the Past, and a Literary Example in Péter Esterházy’s
Revised Edition 629
Alexander Kiossev
Crimes Against Everyday Life, or
On the Patho-Anthropology of Socialism 647
The Authors 669