Table Of Content

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Olfice of the Attorney General 1992 Annual Report of The Attorney General of the United States 1992 Annual Report of The Attorney General of the United States U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE bene DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL SOLICITOR po alay aOFFIC E OF GENERAL RESPONSIBILITY GENERAL GENERAL INVESTIGATION ADMINISTRATION DIVISION COUNSEL ENVIRONMENT orrce oF CIVIL RIGHTS AND NATURAL CRIMINAL ereD Genres oven 6 DIVISION RESOURCES DIVISION MARSHALS POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE DIVISION SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS AFFAIRS COMMUNITY IWMIGRATION & ——— OFFICE OF TAX DIVISION RELATIONS NATURALIZATION INTELLIGENCE SERVICE SERVICE IMMIGRATION POLICY AND REVIEW REVIEW — UsNaITrEDe oEXErCUeTIV rEn we PAROLE UNITED STATES PRISONS COMMISSION ATTORNEYS are ‘ OFFICE OF onea FOR CLAIMS JUSTICE SETTLEMENT PROGRAMS UNITED STATES COMMISSION TRUSTEES OFFICE OF THE PARDON ATTORNEY L Table of Contents Foreword Chapter I: Attacking Violent Crime oo 000e0en eee ene ens Operation Weed and Seed Project Triggerlock Street Gangs Organized Crime Assistance to Victims and Witnesses Judicial and Witness Security Chapter II: Countering Illegal Drug Activity Drug Enforcement Operations Money Laundering Domestic Drug Production Chapter III: White Collar Crime oo... 000ee bebe bbb bebe ney Fraud Public Corruption Environmental Enforcement Activities Chapter IV: Controlling the Border 19 ee © @ © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © &© © © & & Border Enforcement Activities and Initiatives Employer Sanctions Apprehension and Deportation of Illegal Immigrants Asylum Immigration Services and Inspections Immigration Management Improvements Chapter V: I 5 6-¥.5.5-0-0.920-0-4.6 0.5 6:59:6 08-0- 05058400004 65 Ok A keh 8 27 Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act Voting Rights Enforcement Fair Housing Enforcement Police-Community Relations Chapter VI: eeree eae 33 Defense Against Unwarranted Claims Administration of Compensation Programs Protecting the Environment Preservation of Competition Chapter VII: Prisoner Detention, Handling ......0.0.0.0.0 0606 eee eens 37 Pre-Sentencing Detention of Federal Prisoners Prisoner Handling and Transportation Post-Sentencing Activities Chapter VIII: Management Improvements ..... 00.00ee0e e en ens 4? Workforce 2000 Debt Collection Asset Seizure and Forfeiture Technological Improvements Departmental Oversight Foreword To the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress Assembled: This Annual Report highlights the many varied activities of the Department of Justice during fiscal vear 1992. During the year, the Department's dedicated employees worked hard to meet the expanding demands of enforcing federal laws and ensuring the equal administration of justice. Priorities in 1992 included combatting the growing menace of violent gangs and violent crime, dismantling large-scale drug trafficking organizations, addressing the serious problem of fraud and white collar crime, and ferreting out discrimination under our civil rights laws. In addition, the Department faced new chal- lenges in the areas of immigration and asylum and the expanding population in our nation’s prisons. Recognizing that law enforcement requires the cooperation from other agencies, the Department successful- ly expanded programs with a multi-agency strategy. Through the Department’s committed employees, we continued to be creative in our approach for effective law enforcement, crime prevention, crime detection, and prosecution and rehabilitation of offenders. 1 am particularly proud of the Department's hard working, dedicated staff who serve our nation in an effort to protect our citizens and ensure equal protection under the law. Respectfully submitted, William P. Barr Attorney General Chapter I: Attacking Violent Crime he Department dramatically stepped up its 1992, the Department expanded the pilot phase of efforts to combat violent crime in 1992, | this program to 20 demonstration sites, including a Initiatives such as Operation Weed and Seed $19 million Weed and Seed operation designed to help and Project Triggerlock were expanded with resuscitate blighted and burned Los Angeles communi- significant and effective outcomes. The lies. Department also launched a major new initiative The United States Attorneys facilitate and coordi- against street gangs. nate implementation of Operation Weed and Seed. The In a joint effort with state and local law enforce- Executive Office for Weed and Seed, in the Office of ment agencies, the Department developed the Violent the Deputy Attorney General, functions as a clearing- Crime Report of 1992 containing 24 specific recom- house and coordinates policy and national operational mendations for states to reform and strengthen their issues relating to Operation Weed and Seed. Inter- criminal justice systems to be more effective in reduc- agency coordination on the Federal level is aecom- ing violent crime. Some recommendations included: plished by an Interagency Council, whose members work to identify and target existing and new resources * protecting the community from dangerous to Weed and Seed communities. The Interagency defendants Weed and Seed Council is comprised of representatives * establishing more effective deterrence and from the Departments of Justice, Labor, Housing and punishment for both juvenile and adult offenders Urban Development, Agriculture, Transportation, Health and Human Services, Education, and Treasury: * implementing efficient trial, appeal, and collateral the Office of National Drug Control Policy: the Smal! attack procedures Business Administration, and others. * respecting the victim in the criminal justice The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) and its process Bureaus contributed significant funding and program- matic support to Operation Weed and Seed through its The report emphasized the need for strengthened grant programs. In addition, the Bureau of Justice coordination between Federal, state and local law Assistance (BJA) entered into an interagency agree- enforcement agencies in identifying, targeting, and ment with the Departments of Education and Housing incarcerating chronic, violent offenders. and Urban Development to jointly establish “Sate Havens’ —multi-service educational centers in high- Operation Weed and Seed crime neighborhoods in 20 Weed and Seed pilot demonstration projects throughout the Nation. Sate Haven is a primary “seeding” component to organize Operation Weed and Seed is a comprehensive, and deliver an array of educational and other youth and multi-agency, community-based approach to combat- adult-oriented human services in an environment that is ting violent crime, drug use, and gang activity in high free from drugs and crime. Safe Haven programs oper- crime neighborhoods. The goal is to “weed out” crime ate before. during, and after-hours in neighborhood from defined, targeted neighborhoods and then to schools, community centers, or high-crime areas. The “seed’ the targeted neighborhoods with a wide range programs offer prevention, treatment, educational, of crime and drug prevention programs, human service recreational, cultural, and other activities for young agency resources, and private sector investment. In - ; This report covers Fiscal Year (FY) 1992. which began on October 1. 1991 and ended on September 30, 1992 All references to years indicate fiscal years unless otherwise noted people who are at high-risk of becoming involved in operation in 1992, “Operation Gunsmoke” teamed drug and alcohol abuse and delinquent activity. Marshals Service fugitive investigators with dozens of OJP’s National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is charged state and local law enforcement officers nationwide to with evaluating the Weed and Seed program. NIJ will locate and apprehend the most dangerous and violent track the implementation process in all the participat- fugitives on the streets. The operation focused on ing jurisdictions and subsequently conduct an intensive every state in the country and targeted fugitives with assessment of the impact of the program in three to five violent criminal histories who were believed to be car- of the demonstration sites. rying firearms. Of the more than 3,300 fugitives arrested, all were considered a violent threat to the public, 224 were wanted for homicide and 365 were armed Project Triggerlock at the time of their arrest. Nearly $2 million in illicit assets were seized during this operation. 1992 marked the first full year of Project Trigger- lock. The program emphasizes the use of Federal Street Gangs firearms statutes against violent repeat offenders whose criminal behavior has not been deterred by state or local prosecutions. Task forces were established in all On January 9, 1992, the Attorney General 94 U.S. Attorneys’ Offices to coordinate the efforts of announced an anti-gang initiative that significantly Federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies to expanded Federal resources to combat gangs. Three use Federal firearms laws to assure lengthy incarcera- hundred Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents tion of armed criminals. Under the auspices of Project were reassigned from counterintelligence work to assist Triggerlock, 9,253 defendants were charged with state and local law enforcement efforts and to augment Federal firearms violations from April 10, 1991 the 1,600 FBI agents already assigned to violent crime. through September 30, 1992. The average sentence By the end of 1992, 71 task forces of FBI, other received by an armed career criminal under Project Federal, state, and local law enforcement officers were Triggerlock is 18 years without parole. operating in 45 cities to attack violent crime. Fifty new David Fleming Montgomery exemplifies the need FBI agents have joined the anti-gang investigative for Project Triggerlock. Montgomery’s 30-year crimi- teams in California as announced in the summer of nal history includes the murder of his bank robbery 1992. Since their inception in January 1992, these task partner whom Montgomery believed had revealed forces have effected the arrest of 10,777 felons. information about the robbery, two felony thefts, grand The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) larceny, bank robbery, and escape. Montgomery was was also involved in anti-gang activity, and assigned convicted in a Federal trial in Roanoke, Virginia, of 150 special agents in the spring of 1992 to special obstruction of justice by killing his partner, using a Violent Gang Task Forces in cities such as New York firearm to commit a crime of violence, and being an City, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, and Chicago. The armed career criminal; he was sentenced to life plus 35 task forces focused on identifying, apprehending, and years with no possibility of parole. deporting aliens involved in crimes of violence. By the In an effort to boost the number of prosecutions end of July, 25 major investigations had resulted in the under the stringent Project Triggerlock standards, the arrest of 329 gang members, the seizure of more than Attorney General directed the United States Marshals $600,000 in drugs, and the prosecution of 37 deren- Service to conduct a special fugitive apprehension dants. nN . ROYAL BLhERY "YO Operation Gunsmoke investigators in New York made a lightning strike on afi ctitious health and clothing store in Brooklyn, New York, U.S. Marshals arrested 18 people for selling illegal drugs and firearms. After searching the store, marshals seized 23 pounds of marijuana worth $27,000, more than $6,000 cash, and 11 guns including a loaded AK-47 assault rifle and 60 rounds of ammunition. Source: United States Marshals Service Both the Criminal Division and U.S. Attorneys’ ¢ Chen I. Chung and eight others were convicted Offices were successful in prosecuting significant cases on Racketeer Influence and Corrupt Organizations targeting gangs: (RICO) charges for conducting the affairs of a violent Chinese gang called the “Green Dragons” e Seven members of the Vietnamese Born To Kill through a pattern of crimes including murder, Zang were convicted of racketeering and related kidnapping, armed robbery, extortion, illegal gam- charges including three murders, an attempted bling and bribery. Chung and six other defendants murder and numerous armed robberies. David received multiple mandatory life sentences. Thai, the leader of the Born To Kill gang in New York City, also was convicted of conspiracy to ¢ In the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, three @ ault and murder in aid of racketeering, and leaders of the Junior Black Mafia were convicted sentenced to life in prison. of Federal drug charges and agreed to return more than $12 million in drug profits. The indictment taped street “buys”; and arrest sweeps involving local, portrayed the organization as a violent group of state, and Federal law enforcement officials. men who carried semi-automatic weapons and The NIJ focused significant research efforts on the wore bulletproof vests or body armor, using vio- problem of gang violence to provide criminal justice lence and murder to control their turf, officials with practical information they can use to het- ter address the problems gang members pose for the During 1992, the National Center for the Analysis criminal justice community. Projects underway during of Violent Crime received more than 2,500 cases, 1992 included a national assessment of the nature and including requests from Federal, state, and local law scope of gang activity; an assessment of law entforce- enforcement agencies for operational support, as well ment gang suppression strategies; and an examination as those cases meeting the criteria for entry into the of the impact of gang-related crime and gang members Violent Criminal Apprehension Program computer on the criminal justice system. Other NIJ projects are database. The Center, through its Special Operations examining the problems of Asian gang violence in and Research Unit, provided training in Crisis Manage- New York City, gang migration. and the involvement ment, Crisis Negotiation, and Special Weapons and of street gangs in drug sales. Tactics (SWAT) to 1,406 FBI Agents and 3,421 other law enforcement personnel. In the area of negotiations, the staff of the FBI Academy had provided assistance Organized Crime in several domestic hostage/kidnapping situations as well as being deployed overseas on two separate kid- The Department continued its aggressive attack napping cases. against traditional organized crime groups in 1992. The FBI Laboratory's DRUGFIRE system ts a The attack on organized crime is also an essential part forensic information clearinghouse that supports inves- of the Department's overall fight against violent crime. tigations of gangs and drug-related activities. The As aresult of the Department's efforts, numerous Laboratory's goal is to increase the solution rate of La Cosa Nostra (LCN) families now lie in disarray shooting cases by associating the firearms evidence in while others have been weakened by Federal prosecu- shooting incidents with each other and with firearms tions. The Department's most significant LCN prose- recovered in other investigations. The prototype sys- cution in 1992 was against John Gotti, boss of the tem serves the Washington/Baltimore metropolitar Gambino LCN family and Gotti’s co-defendant and area with six forensic laboratories. In two months, the consighiere, Frank Locascio. Gotti and Locascio were prototype system produced outstanding results, associ- convicted of racketeering charges including murder, ating eight shootings from different jurisdictions. iliegal gambling operations, loansharking and bribery, Traditional firearms examination techniques would not and obstruction of justice. Gotth was convicted of all have associated these shootings. 13 counts charged and Locascio was convicted of 12 The Office of Justice Programs continued support counts and acquitted of one gambling charge. The of gang prevention and intervention programs in 1992. defendants received sentences of life in prison without BJA expanded its successful Urban Street Gang Drug parole, crippling the management and influence of the Trafficking Enforcement Demonstration Project to two Gambino Family. additional sites in 1992, bringing the total to seven. Other important organized crime prosecutions 1n The strategy includes confidential informers to identify 1992 included: hard-core gang members and drug traffickers; video-