1986 Eberhardt, Transformations of voice fundamental frequency for a vibrotactile device to aid lipreading.pdf (PDFy mirror)

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(ResearchL aboratory of Electronics,M IT, Room 36-730, Cambridge, Department of Electrical Engineering,J ohns Hopkins University,
MA 02139) Baltimore, MD 21218), and Marilyn E. Demorest (Department of
PsychologyU, niversityo f MarylandB altimoreC ounty,C atonsvilleM, D
Filtering simultaneousm essageisn to differentf requencyb andsp rior
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to summationa nd presentationto a singlee ar wase xamineda sa n aid to
messagree ceptionT. wo or four concurrenst entencessp okenb y different As part of workt o developv ibrotactiled evicesto conveyv oicef unda-
talkersw erep resentedth rougha singlee arphonet o normal-hearings ub- mentalf requencyto hearing-impaireldip readersa, n experimenwt asc on-
jects.L istenersw erei nstructedto write downt he messagsep okenb y the ductedt o investigateth e visibilityo f contrasfives tressa nd question-ver-
targett alker,w hosev oicew asi ndicatedb y an isolatedle ad-inm essageIn. sus-statemenint tonationc ontours.F our sentence(sW e will weighy ou,
the referencec ondition,t he wideband( 0-4.5 kHz) sentencews eres imply We owe you a yoyo, Chuck caughtt wo cats, and Pat cookedP ete's
summed;i n varioust est conditionst, he sentencews erep asseds eparately breakfast) with contrasfive stress on one of the first three words and
throughd ifferentf iltersa nd then summedA. veragei ntelligibilityo f the spokena s either statementso r questionsb y a male and a femalew ere
filtereds entenceisn the two-messagtea skd id not exceedth at of the refer- presentefdr omv ideodiskS. entencewse rec hosento minimizein dexicaol r
encec onditionf or any schemet ested.I n the four-messagtea sk,h owever, affectivei nformationt hat might be usedt o judge stresso r intonation.
performanceim proveds ignificantlyfo r threeo f five filteringc onfigura- Subjectsw eret estedi n a six alternativef orced-choicpe rocedurew ith re-
tionse valuatedt,h e besto f whichr esultedin 39% correcto veralli ntelligi- sponsea lternativesla beledq uestion or statement and stressp osition
bility comparedto approximatel2y2 % correctin ther eferencceo ndition. 1, 2, or 3. Resultss uggestth at contrasfives tressa nd intonation
Sucha filterings chemem ayb eb eneficiailn futureh earinga idst hat pres- canb ej udgedv isuallya t levelss ignificantlya bovec hanceJ. udgmentos f
ent multipled irectionalc hannelsto a singlee ar. [Work supportedb y stressw eres ignificantlmy orea ccurateth anj udgmentso f intonationR. e-
NIH.] sultsw ill be discusseidn terms of loglinearm odelst o assestsh e relative
independencoef stressv ersusin tonationin visuajlu dgments[.W ork sup-
portedb y NIH. ]
9:18
MMS. The perceptiono f temporallym odifiedc onversationaal nd clear 9:54
speechb y hearing-impairedlis tenersR. . M. Uchanski,L . D. Braida,N .
MMS. Transformationso f voicef undamentalf requencyf or a vibrotactile
I. Durlach, and C.M. Reed (ResearchL aboratoryo f Electronics,M IT,
device to aid lipreading. Silvio P. Eberhardt and Lynne E. Bernstein
Room 36-749, Cambridge,M A 02139)
(SensoryA ids Laboratory,D epartmento f ElectricalE ngineeringJ, ohns
Hearing-impaireldis tenersfi ndc learlya rticulateds peechm orei ntel- HopkinsU niversity,B altimore,M D 21218)
ligiblet han conversationaslp eech[M . A. Pichenye t al., J. SpeechH ear.
As part of thed evelopmenot f a wearablev ibrotactiled eviceto convey
Res. 28, (1985)]. Acousticalm easurementsin dicatet hat the temporal
voicef undamentalf requencyF o to hearing-impairedli preadersa, study
characteristicosf cleara ndc onversationaslp eechd iffer [ M. A. Pichenye t
wasc onductedto comparet ransformso fFo. Rothenberga nd Moliter [ J.
al., J. SpeechH ear. Res. (in press)]. In particular,c learlya rticulated
Acoust.S oc.A m. 66, 1029-1038 (1979) ] reportedt hat moste rrorsi n a
segmentasr e nonuniformlylo ngert han the correspondinsge gmentisn
tactile-aloneta sko fjudgings tressa ndi ntonationi n sentencews erem islo-
conversationaslp eech[ R. M. Uchanskie t al., J. Acoust.S oc.A m. Suppl.
cations of the stressed word. We found that contrastive stress can be de-
1 77, S54 (1985)]. For example,t he percenti ncreasein duration for
tectedv isually.T he presente xperimenct omparedF o transformsin a tac-
fricativesa nd diphthongsis muchl arger than that for shortv owelsa na
tual-visual task. Transformsi ncluded:( 1) direct glottal to tactile pulse;
voicedp losivesT. o evaluatet he importanceo f theset emporald ifferences
(2) lineart ransformw ith loweringo f centerf requencya nd shifti n range;
we havem easuredth e intelligibilityo f two typeso f processesdp eechm a-
( 3 ) similart o ( 2 ) with log of the normalizedg lottalp eriod;( 4) similart o
terials:c onversationaslp eechw ith nonuniformlyin creaseds egmendt ura-
(2) with the differenceo f logso f the currentp erioda nd a weighteds umo f
tionsa ndc lears peechw ith nonuniformlyc ompressesde gmendt urations.
previousp eriodsa; nd (5) a constanpt ulset rain duringv oicingS. ubjects
Resultsf rom severalh earing-impairedli stenersw ill be discussed[.W ork
receivedt actile stimulationt o the indexf ingerb y an AV-6 vibrator,a nd
supportedb y NIH. ]
responsewse rel abeledq uestion or statement and oneo f threes tress
positionsE. ffectso f the transformsa nd conditionso f vision-onlyv ersus
tactual-visuapl resentationw ill be reported.[ Work supportedb y NIH. ]
9:30
MM6. Spectral compression,a processings cheme for single-channel
sensorya ids.R ichard R. Hurtig (Departmento f SpeechP athologya nd 10:06
Audiology,U niversityo f Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242)
MM9. Effects of filter configuration on categorical perception of
Single-channevli bro-tactiled iscriminationa nd identificationo f vow- tactually presenteds peech.R ebeccaE . Eilers, D. Kimbrough Oiler,
elsw asa ssesseuds inga schemew hich maintainst he spectrals hapeo f the Edward Miskiel, Debra MoroiT (Department of Pediatrics,U niversity
complexs peechw aveform.A serieso f vowelsa nd diphthongsw ere syn- of Miami, P.O. Box 016820, Miami, FL 33101 ), and Ozcan Ozdamar
thesizedu sing the Klatt algorithm. Unlike conventionals ynthesist, he (Departmento f BiomedicaEl ngineeringU, niversityo f Miami, P.O. Box
formant frequenciesw ere set sucht hat the first four formantsf ell under 016820, Miami, FL 33101)
660 Hz and the formant bandwidthsw ere narrowed.T his synthesise ffec-
tively generated5 :1 frequencyc ompressionT. he synthesizeds egments The effecto f filter configurationo n the relationshipb etweena uditory
sounds peechli ke. Naive subjectsw erep resentedb oth discriminationa nd and tactualp erceptiono f speechw asi nvestigatedv ia a 32-channecl om-
identificationta sks.T he stimuliw eref elt with a AudiologicaEl ngineering puter controllede lectrocutaneoudsi splaya nd normal audition.T wo 11-
V1220 transducerW. ith no prior exposured iscriminatione xceeded7 %, step synthetics peechc ontinua,/a/to/(cid:127)/and/sta/to/sa/, serveda s
and within a few hours of testing discriminationl evels of 95% were stimuli for study of three filter configurationslo: garithmic,l inear, and
achieved.S ubjectsw ere able to accurately identify many of the vowel average( arithmeticm eano f log and linear). Four well-practiceds ubjects
segmentsF. urthermoree xaminationo f the confusionsre vealsp atterns performedt wo tasksw ith eachs timulusc ontinuuma nd eachf ilter config-
similart o thoser eportedf or auditoryc onfusionso f naturalv owels.T hese uration: (1) a standardi dentificationp rocedurew here all 11 stepsa re
findingsa ppeart o contradictt he premiseu nderlyingt he developmenot f categorizeda s eithere ndpoint1 or 11, and (2) a pairwised iscrimination
multichannelt actilea idsa nd cochleari mplantst hat the tactiles ensesa nd task (where equali ntervals timuli wered iscriminateda crosst he contin-
the impairede ar are incapableo f extractingt he appropriatei nformation uum). The samet asksw ere presentedin the auditorym odalityf or com-
from a singlec omplexs peechw aveform. parisonp urposesR. esultsi ndicate (1) a closec orrespondencbee tween
tactuala nda uditoryp erception(, 2) categoricapl erceptiono f the conson-
ontalc ontinuuma ndm orec ontinuousp erceptiono f the vowelc ontinuum
in both modalities,a nd (3) an interactionb etweenf ilter configuration
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ands peechs yllablet ypet hat affectsth ed egreeo f similarityb etweena udi-
MM7. Judgmentso f intonationa nd contrastives tressd uringl ipreading. tory and tactual functions.I mplicationsi n terms of theorieso f speech
Lynne E. Bernstein,S ilvio P. Eberhardt (SensoryA ids Laboratory, perceptioWni llb ed iscusse[dW. orks upportebdy N IH. ]
S78 d. Acoust.S oc. Am. Suppl.1 , Vol. 80, Fall 1986 112th Meeting:A cousticaSl ocietyo f America $78
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