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Evaluating central auditory processing

Rachel & Stark, PAD
Dinison of Conimunicatin Setenons
‘and Dixcrdass,

Joho €, Kenney tnattvie
Baltimore, Marwlard

Lynne #. Bernstein, PAD
Department of Electr! Enignser’
akas Hoplans Unicersity
Baliraore, Maryland

children

N ORDER TO evaluate canal avi
tory pence eileran, i ino
tant Seat en agiee upon a Gefnition af tat
tem. As Keith (1981, this das) tas
pointed ont, a vesily ol lecak such as
central cuditory peseaptton ard auditory
perceptual skilis have heen used
Incerahangenbly with contra? cxditors
processing, none having, been precisely
clined, These Lerms may ly ondertoed.
fesvolerrice te the analyson af signals that
awe Veru Lacsduced by the peripheral
anitry systesn uur fo te ecules
al processes tele lang ick
nati from sigcals presented in the wa
lary snodalily. Weletvely Tee i kes,
Tewever, wuut the analysis or soding of
andlitney sigonls in tae auditory
boeynnd the pevipheral level. or abont tke
urological preceses involved, Tus een
‘eal uuicny prncesing refers west fe
quently tu payobologicaly and behave
ally defined plunwanens measure in vel
tion to an audi sigeal, Exemplar ate
discrimination, ialealifesten. speed of
56

res TS LANGUAGE BERS? JON D8

provsiing. seqnoncing, and shee.
Inenveny. Viehavienul ling designed to
evaluat these plhenamara has heen put
Towaced witsispusadigms provided by
cxperiyental paychlogy sa speech
fedeaoe, Clinicians cucrent wndersaneing
‘of shildven's processing of auditory strat
‘bused almost exclisvely on daze from
studies f behavioral response: Lo auditory
slinl

Tiereat in eortral aultary pronessing
among rnecch-anguage gathelagits bos
Ineo motivated by the hypothes's tat
there are wiuseand-efect celetionships
bulareen efits in anditory pzacesing cn
Uke one hand end sanguage aed Language
Taser Tearing disnders ie vialdsen on the
thar, Sone inestigolars, reasoning thal
language depen an the abi» process
the spoveh waveform, suggast Unt audi
tory provesting deficits and, in pur ilar,
Allis in the szoccesng of ruply change
Ang stimuli are evure bask ce pelmary in
hnatore thas angxaige srders (alla: &
Piocey, 19/4, 975)

Th fal, thove ia presoat tle supp
lov this Typathene fameriews Speech
Sangiage-Aieatinng Aaweitinn [ASHAL
EMO}. pan review the praatlee of exan
ining owunpeeel auditory abities sul as
suman Jsallztlon, sultry Hale fusion,
fo the dzeiminainn nf te segueneces i
Tangitage- or Tearning-dieurered ahildren
appeare te have litle chignostie. value
Snch pracedhnae du ol provide informs
tion abt Ue ansnner ia sais elle
pues Jingustin nfarzatien, cor do Urey
help one to determine low wud
speech prooessing many differ nese
and lenguene-cicabled een

‘Spovel-hingonge patholagints ace more
vvoncursed with Fae manner to whieh bil

Aven proves ageech a8 opposd tn sone
spevelt puns, In this article, therefor,
behaviorally desive eprecations, in ner
nal and hoiguage-disardered eller,
relating peenily to spooek preoesng
tnd bo Ue oomnprelension of speech, are
cuplasivad. Infermatinn abant non
Speers prneeasng is cole =a only wt
iV selovant to the pinblem of speech
perception,

‘Mos uf the avai able iururatiow about
speech pevneprion is Fucus ge the proce
fe of eceding tke sguveh sigaal fale
phesemes fle, cousin's and vowe's,
The smallest units ul amos used in how
guage to sigaal dillerencee ic. mcuring.
Swudies of adult speceh perception have
‘congentrated on phonwxae paveplon ane
stvgies of otldren have largely tolloweel
that tradi,

ENISTING CLINICAL,
SPHECIE PERCEPTION

StS OF

‘Tinieal tats ul speech prsception lave,
as their goal, asessmont ul sgeeeh smn
Aiseeinination and andilory memory for
spurth matorials, Thuy derive fran effrls
Uidingonao langue danedars ix. oral
hreacing ealdaen ave 10 evaluate the yi
formance of bearing aids in bea!Ing
fnupaicul blldven, Some vrusaver may
take place, vever, ia that speech
language pathologists ru.y hename inter
teled in taste doviod (or use in andivlogie
practice and uadiologite may bane
intecested in tests doviod for diagnostic
purpuses ia sperct-lanennge. palhclogy.
Examples of tasts use Dy spoecl-la-
guige patholngals ate: the Wepcam:
Aueitery Diserigiratlon Test “Wepmian,
1978}, the GolduacrFristee-Wondenek
Disgrostic Auditory Diseciuiualion Test
Furls 1,1, aad 111 (Goldman, Frist, &
‘Waulovek, 1974bi, the Glman-Friso
Wooden Auultory Meanory ests (init
aan, Fristoe, & Waedoook, LOY) the
Auditory Saqenticl Menuury suatet of
Le Hhinois Test of Payeholingiate Abil
(es ITPA (Kirk, McCarthy, & Kik,
1892}, The Guldiaueeliritoe- Wndenc
fests employ lage rovortier! materials
Examples of tes poly sssucted wil,
heating aid evaitatlan are: the Ward
Talelligibifty of Piotnie Wenlifiation
(WITT Test oss & Leveson, 1870, 1971,
sed the 2aunetially-Baaneed Lost of
Speed Disurinination [ue Children
(U1K-50} Haein, 1945}.

Yerformanceon these tte likely tbe
influenced by sack variables ap alten,
loved of vuculstod activity, and vigilance,
Ir addition, the lasts employing pictures
‘may tap sual seat euguilive. proceisae
‘eg. those invelved In cong ie «pe
lures aswell a Eo spoceh sand dlierdm(-
lise), Pleally, the tests ate likely 10
‘ello! huguistv ube such se aaming,
sword recngeiir, wd Ue abiity to Ella
verbal divpatlone “Thos te tests are aot
Janguago-ftee and ace nol lets uF speech
perecpiion onl

‘Mure cccenlly developed speech per
capo tess ave endeaverod to deal with
thi peas er by erntllng fo toe level of
Tingulstie ali Mealty «tet materi, Some
hava incoepeated snnsence sTlables usu
means of removing che fferis of elil=
cdret’s sconantio ar syntactic krawledge,
‘These tess elude

the Spvech Pureeplivn iat Neise Test

(SPINY FEMint, J8TBL whieh the
feces of predleian] ty of sealenas

and of sigualtusise eis wee ext
mate:

‘the Navthwestern Univers Chil
rea’s Pereeption of Specel “Test
INU-CHIPS) Flt vr ah, 1870:
Eliott & Kate, 1980}, a tet of word
ruuderetanding in which items “som
the vovabulary of &-year-old eben
fave used, Noceastive att indicate
perforscanee thal improves wit ae
imqiet her sat In acsy ovis,
5-10 1u-year-ldl clea,

+ the Nozsonco Syllable "Vast (Hesniols,
Dba, Huffsung, & Levit, 1975) 2
lest of syeeel) discretion, also
sdmlniteved it quiet aul wise, hat
voles reliable rests with ohlldeen 8
ears unl rider (ess & Cilber, 1681)
‘swell adults

+ aditivtive feature aealyeis of speach
sound discrinination (Guenigskneeht
2 Lee, “based nna angel ideal
fecian tat in which both real words
ud neaense cumuranevniel-coee
sonual (CVC) sy lubivs ure employed
frei Fen shis teat iaioatod et
items differing in only nne ghuxwlis
featuraara mre cilfcue fore hildien
te dizeriminate that items dilferlng in
‘hvo ur more fentuces

EXPERIMENTAL. PROCEDURES
HUM ASSESSING SPERCH
PENCUNTION

Tests that employ wo:d or sontence
‘male's ie subject Lo He ebjoctcn thot
they laa linguistic abilities, al xyuuess
ppeseention shires. Soe algo Kelth, this
fue) The ws: of cangonve syllable pits
Trou w sual sul, ur the ocher bond, may
sake it posible to iawestigane the effects
YOEICS Ds LARHIAE: ORDERS Pt

of Une ghyseal azoustie acupetios a tha
Spacch signal ox speeeb perengtlon, fn
sch toas liken are ser to listen to
syllables tha eapld accu: in a meanineft
‘word, yel are not meaniagfol in Uta
sees, Cimpmter-generated <yllebles 1
lloras wal spa plies aay be sels
fan, in generating these eine, senile
fnmutie properties such ay Surmant Fre
forneius (eineentealions of anergy in
sven [rugaeney 109.008), formant tens
Haut flanges in Trecheney. in thse
feuengy concemestins aver time}, und
olee nest fim (time of iiliation af
‘alring in relation to the releareaf a step
consonant) may be siried in systematic

‘Tho ascech waveform is 2 complex sie
wl, Haat Tes kmowe, etl how the

‘The speech waveforms tea comple
sdgnal Ha ald nut knuson exoetly
ham the signal is deeded fu ueemad
cedults,

signa) ig decoded in noceaal adults Faily
ftoling resecled that, contrary ty the
‘espsstations of phaneticians, te soumds of
spokes lagange du aul
‘uals or “betas om a sling” but rater
‘uur i paculel over the enue ct units
syllable «ve or greater. Ft luni
tina from sound to phoneme were « dls
arale process, iL would be Lar easier 10
tonderstand and describe it. Tastee, Tor
example, the potter of energy charactor-
fing the slap gonsonanis change ws 31
Tunolom ef the Fallewting vowsl in CYC
«lables sherman, Coop: Shuiksreber,
{ Seuddert-Kermedy, 1991,

ve a dive

Eoperioental stndies of normul el
oi’ sgreck, percoption, sxe rebstively
event. The past LB yes ave wlinested
The majrity af eneb sud. It oma that
Aevclopencate] seach Has oesived oxy
minor vllentan fram sqeccis sceul st,
pevlape henge of the erronouze nssump-
tion shat ehildsen du aot alin signifi
tantly from adults. This assumption
eceived support [rien seitial smdios of
infant specel) pertwplion. ‘ese stacics,
fnvulvigg oper veditioning or physic-
luyicalancelioring teclmiques, dessin
slraled “hat nora sau ene dlscrtm-
tite between certain ylionemee mach as
ditt do (a. Bias, Siqeland, Joscrsk,
& Vigorito, 1074; for» vaview 220 Kul,
LO7EL Mare eewsn! studies of infants Ise
sliowa Ul sise speech diceriainations
fre at present am ate infsuoy (Fes,
‘Winn, & Monte 1977), and oreslinguiee
tie studies suggest Un for some sounds,
infact’ diseririvation Is rated to their
Jangoage envinament (eile, Cavin, &
Wikon, 1978}, burthermore, initial ns
suinphivan that early disoriatetive aili-
Ues ae sfcie baeetuut or the ace
Stun of specie nat phaeringy Ii

‘erent been snestinned

Gategeviea! perception
Altnengh most ali tion has boon pad

re infant spuuels geronotlan, » szoup uf
stulies live Deen eoménctod willy chil
den bubween the nges of apypusianeels
anid J years af age. Moat of the stu et
Thave Followed the proveluees ised to est
falegivies! parseplion in adolts <Liber-
nan et al. L867}, Categnrcal perception
relers lu axle nf peteoption in which
‘he ability ta dlzerimicate between svunals
appeacs finite tothe ability to label them
dliferenily. Siudies uf Ui phenomenon
se synthesize”slmull, whioh ere wade io
aller equ) physical steps frees ore
‘hor ere to atother. Thus Fe exemple,
simulae continuura msy Eo created sn
thatthe seas patterns xppropriate
tho sylablo jaf change wralually ike
the patter appropelaie foe Te syle
def, Hssver, won subjects are asked
fa Iibel those stim thay respond as
thengh they only hee the endpui Zaon-
ems, ha) ara ja, weal Leoquectly do
ot hear any amhigitave sounds ie Uhe
transition fromm ane ta fae alher: Wes the
nme subjects ace asked ty Alerlmiinie
Tetsseen quire of steel: from adjaernt
pofnts on the eontinuna, soy shen that
Thay samot as easily dieriminate pais
whe they come fram the sae phos
lass fog, dient examplee nb fc!
soln they eure finan diorent phoneme
less er. fb? versus ea),

Current uudestacaliag of exegorical
reception bes heen coasideinbly selted,
finee it was Rr disonvener. Many min
clions have bees srade in the original
Inleryreslions of thie perceptual ea
‘lUhoug’ ealexosiea) perception can no
loager be ulfered as the sole explanation
Tee speach pereeptany it provides useil
staf data for eamparlsons ceraes age, &
fucker nf eesearelines have eqestinnedd
cwhuther tie labeling ad diserimination

‘onulrons ean in adult subjees woul
Alin bechserv in ulus ofall ges,

Tr fact, éecelopmental changes we
observed derass apo for normal chibl-en
oie gon hetsveen the ages of 8
“and 10 yeurs uf age, bul oven in adoles-
ener, children dilfer Lr wd oe cer
tein measures. For example, ay eileen

progress fam wrly childhood anil
‘luldhood. thsi ability toceategraiae stim
ull eousstonlly fen phystea” contiouia
Improves {Berestein. 198%: Grevalev
1478; Kratce, THT Simos & Mouicin,
1976: Zlatin & Koenigsknesb, 1973}. 13h
crluinutoe ako improves’ with age
Tnyrovenueut ie shown in tests far phon
ome wont wud Tor putes of stimu at
Atfer aecuscleally bu aze within the sean
Phonawe class (Rene, 197i File
Loogiuott, Mayer, Ka, & Zncker, 1983}.

Desoristios of dovalopmanta. changes
in the spoosh pecovption of normal ebil-
fees. are iespintunt for onderstouding,
shllarea with developers divin,
Whecaas differences hetscnen norinal ang
Impaired chiieren of a partiesiar age ese
wee Urought <u cepreseat neurological
thavsteee dillevence, iis now beer
ng appareal that mpaised children may
bbe exhibiting slevelopmental lage in
spoccl: perception. ‘Their yessanses are
sicailar ‘u Une of younger qoemal chile
dren aed ave not necesstily coviu.

Categorinel prenmgtion lax nal bee
investigated in langhage-irmpaloed hill
cdron, Preliminary daca Troma a gina af
specifically longuago-impaited childzen
studied by Tallal und Stark (unpublished
ala) suggest Ul tele pettunane is
over than that of age-matched actmal
fntrachikren,sncnay resemble that of
tach younger children

“The Sndizys from aarmaal children are
sxnewll perplexing fn relatin lo toune
cf the erste nt false sls. ‘Thee
formance of these chilsien al ages &
teu 8 yous epmears to be less accurate
bua Ut of sural prebngeistic infants
Few some hun umes. The tak presented
the ele nid, henwever, inonlous vag
Yo I68 We CARUAER 2spnazs JUNE 1084

tiveflinguislie prosestnt and_ decision
making al ennch differs love. than that
demanded of the infin, Tue iter action
Fetwecen wudilory ond vugalive/Igutstic
process uy Ine meat several afFcted i
‘ngngu-tsbled oaildcen.

Sequencing, vate processing, and serial
memory

Inca recent projoat Stash & Tal, 1081;
alll & Stuck, L981}, andiory prncessing
capabilites, including ideatiteatien. so
quenning, vale processing, mud seve)
‘eetory for nensenac lable sine
+5 vowel zylblee} were suidled in enzmal
tad epecidelly hingiage-impaived ‘SLTp
ubildee., Tar subject grenns, ane debeyed,
fn Tanguege development and te vier
fleveloping langnage urunally, were 5
Teetad for the pmaicel, The ehikien con
sidered forthe SL. gicup were alfciently
immpsied in receptive and oxprasive len-
age to bave Denn placed jn seaucls oe
Glaser for tha eomtmunieatively inn
pated.

he ehildeua iu oth geonps were
required tu hove gornal val sensnry anal
riviur Functioning, ta hove demorstraved
cura] Sepring, lo Nave no history of
Searing impairment, and to. be within
rormal Tints im nemverbw iutelhigenoe
{pecformaties 9 lessreen 86 and 125 en
the WISER (Weebl, 3874] or. the
euler Frechorl and Primary Sea‘e of
Tollligeaoe [3 HPSI][Wecheler, LOS). I
dditinn, the scbjects woro cegazmed 0
resent ‘either sigas of neurloglal
fmpaitment nor 9 bistury of newsologic
doit ur lesions

Thiers five Il obiideen and 36 worl
nhildren, aged 3 to a year, who me the
hove srileria wove Wet. The chile
‘dre solected fur Uke two sujet group

vara given an extensive battery of expant-
‘ental teste, This bitter’ Ineloded pec
cept toss tll weve nd ministered inches
swclitery gud visual rapa as well as
‘voes-medally fanditary 9s visu

each test inchuded a sLanuics pair
shiek might be nudity, visa, tactile, or
euiemodal ig naline. These pairs wero
prewated in binary seqwenece or sucies
bithin a procedure named the Repetition
‘Method éUalel & Licsey, 1974, 15). The
child wae required bo give nonverkal
responue by pressing one af to panels it
respuune to each of the memhere of use
‘mils pais. Hach tet included a nus
boar of subtests that were als given in
the samo aedot: Thozesublwasof the Rep
tition Method. were: {x} Peceotton, in
srl the eid Jeane In push one bat
lon i re890ng@ lo one membor oF. stinu-
lus got, auch as one nf bo sonwense
syllables ot ane of tiv tenes, th) ds9acia
Mon, whieh the lonacily sete pre
sertel ina ranelom griey veal 3 thmeaned
the children pusied te ution asociated
vwtl the sale tne, or othar element
preseated ie) Segre, su wih the
‘lervents were presented 3 sudan order
(waa ata tne andthe ebldees rushed the
‘en baottons awotiatesl with te signals
rosemed, in the ssquanon im which the
fgeals were prevoated: and (d} Serial
-Mernorg, it whlch sheclemerts were pre
seuled i yandoms ender 3 ty 7 at tie,
fond the children. again Lellowec chase
Tonger sequences iy thers huston-roskiay
vemonees, Special Sequencing, Subtexts
(Uate-Provosing Subtest, in which eon
sorwt-voael Cormant transition rule
Intervals between stimuli were vaste,
were presentnd, ab well ay 4 standard
Senurneing Subtest. the elidenn failed
‘he stuadaed Serpuencing Saest for sexu
leat items, they were given a Soe/
Differon: Discrimination Subtest as
ruuns of exploring tho ecasnns Fo: filoro
Lhe Soguoneing Subtest level,

The eaxklzen were ab given su oral
sensorlmotce Lst ballon, « nourodevetnp
manta hotly, and a sees of wsual san

ning or eanollaou teats in whdels they
tere eequind tp aelet ane mine eters,
digits, words, nonsenen shapes, andl Ferns
prowaled ammuny sila ters, These tests
Fesulled in apprurimately 428 inden
ent vorlables thal ere avatahle fo
campaviso, inahuding 28 demographle

"able, Mow er pie lil rages egution

Congdon
Vaca egmsion “Hen! cna

dab AD me BE,
ene
moni: Ua asf

enbimats a =n
eh
aes

vinalanferwee ah 88800
eons ater

Beene
id dr

estan
oe

ag

a
nS LANGUAGE DFRUBIENS JN

aior web, Zunily, snd vec bistory
wks

‘The SI children wore fr:ind to diffe
signiftcaney fine the normal children un
ll of the eohlests of spaen peroeplinn
{hal wore admasistned wich ssntkastad
speerh stimnll (lep cansonan--vowel
lm, and on all of the eubteet excent
the casio: Adeuttintion Subsest shen
compuzable euvurded cual s
[atop eawcant vowel solibles) ere
mplayer. Thus the findings indi
thal SLI shildven ware signiieastly
Her tp normal elle in speceh process
sng capabilites,

Tt war then asked whither He specu
provi ud Iuggoage Cites uF the
foteeal ot the SLT chilean yeere ance
Tated sith ane aneher. ‘The ress are
snminacized in ‘Table 1. Table 1 indicutoe
that rom the entice we ub over AOD war
bles, 4 auditory perceptiun variables ve
Aedbuted rau to “predict” of level of
receplice language in the SLE eileen
thai, these variahles were most highly
cnrselatnd with receptive largmaye

A Rate Prucessing variable, sumely
soquoncing of the syalliticsyllutes
tunes fda7_prewurted ill a very. chor
Toneetimits ine (12 ma) vas Bea In
corer of impartanes ofthese variables
“Ve mullite for this vasnble in ection
lo level of reuptive uymaye, however.
sen unly 6 Many SUT shen ei not
teach etalon level of parfoe-range en a
test nf Towerlavel Amosiation subtest in
which the seme eyablos were presented
‘ono aw timer thus they were cat able to
ppeveved to the Rae Peucesiug ask invebe
1g Use same syllables. The value of the
fmnbiple # as ineracsed 78 hy the
adden of two speech pocceptien tests

“Ths fie lea rasan assnoation tet forthe
syllables /ba/ and {do with a 40 ms
vee) formant Leumit and wu 80 as
‘vowel fortunt truer, It addon, a
rotapeah auditory. prenaption variable,
namely, Asiselaton for 280 ms tones, ono
‘oe (Fandomontal Froquonoy of 100 U2}
and one high (Furlamental frequusey of
50 TEs}, also xaude n sigaiisant conti
iui to preilion 1 eeoeptive nnginge
feoy%¢ In these children. AML nf the SLL
children excapt ene were aa. te eespemed
vith 9 eer

wa these

in minimal lovel of naccaey
er Asst Uk

Toate Lindioutest ite illment reat
fe the evel eblldeea. Fron te act af
‘oeee 400 vaults, A viseal cancellation
veish‘es and a elle diseriaction
test som the cuurudevuluymaental bully
contributed asest fu peudielion a ees
live huigonge soores bv ancinal hildee,
Avekury spewh peronplian eadlles it
should he noted, ware ako quite highly
fortalated sith receptive Janyuage in
these: anrmal cildze, but ol ae bighly
correlated ws Le ature udvarce, reading
related wlayel eunoallalion caviahles
‘These latter vattales incl salestioe
anal marking senres Fat rellezed anole
fulge of phonemno-geanheme coteeenon-
fence, as well as the ability to saulyze
vwores auvurdiyy tw tele component
plhemes wt lables Optimum perfor
fang on these vieaal caneallaioe tate
tay oll nee on the rnsmal elven’:
wall-deve oped! speech orception sbil-
Fes. he SLI shildeer, where spoosh per
ception srores sere pucrer than Ure uf
the rwraual elikires, sere not able to
esr ell on the reac ing-velated vienal
feancellation tasks. Ir has agen sania in
‘the studios that epeee poreeplion ai
thas bon shaven in other stuicn
that speech percopsion asltes are
snuportant for loaning to read

lies ace Smmportant for Teaswing to cose
Shukovutler & Liberman, 17,

"These seculls sua be regarded 28 pre
Fiminayy, Fecawve qaullivariate statsical
analysas of fa kivd uptimatly cence
iasiy mora subleots fie, mmngh mace
favorable ratio of numb 9 aniiccts te
nucuber of variables} thaa yeve avihble
In is projet. Troseever, rhe results dy
sggest thal ustclutions involving spaech
ncessig and hunguasge eomprelension,
coven if saiable, woul by open ko inter:
relation as evidence of itive mune
Tint lug or deviant development uf
speech yrovessng in the SLI chien,

Additinnal ecklewoe fot w fallny
atuuly ofthe SII shildven i relevac te Unik
Tatu: issus (Bernstein & Ste, in yee.
‘TheSequoneing, Rate Precering, av Ser
fal Memory Susste using ayathetie
spacch tomlin? and ie?) warn
repeated with childeew ‘roma both xroups
iu the provicns projet alle wn interva,
Bil Wo years. Ar the thine af Tolle up
‘Tltce 2, tbe SL chiltran showed some
progrese 1m limgcnge development asexmn-

J with the Tine ol init contact
(Tice 1} However, the mjority of tise
kisren wveze tll signlNeanily Serguage
senpaieed, At Time, perfarmance wae a
1 meat veiling level Toe sequencing ene
sate provessing on the past of subjects fm
butte groups, indiareg. a? qerovplaad
Urselupmenr sceurred in both fae nora
nd he ST eliren, Nother the SLI ane
the normal sildees, huwever, pottormed

at selling level ou the Seiad Memary
Subtest. All childeen intyroved with
‘eso tu the Serial Metnory Subtest frox.
Time] Tine 2 Howaver, significant
ageand language Tty cect in eeliva
te the Sark Mea.ory Subtest ware nal
proce in the dota ftom Thaw 2. hee
resol suggest that speeak procesing in
the SIT children may ba telaled lo x
maturational yg ssthoe thon a oeaeul
rervons system lesen, The ly; may bein
perceptual learning valle that i some
tuze peripheral proces, as suggested by
‘wn Ui ea Quinn (198),

IMPLICATIONS

‘Tho daca fren the alll-Stark studies
suggest that petrapilon of seized
ewense syllables may be eorrelaved sii
Tungunge compeeemsion in hoth acm
andl Sli ot Geen fous & to & yoats oA
‘The exact nate af this euieiuadip,
shui it be substantiated ia fueter werk,
revutins lb be determined. 1 # pale
that ewupon uf lmmguage end the abisey
tm dently, to sequence sd bo romera er
sexes cf speach eveets pvesewell iw Ube
auditory modality. cavelnp together in
Dots uosueul and SL eildzen, Certainly
the ‘ongitwina) cells Found by Le
stein and Stork (lv prep) ieleale that
fear'y peeceptual defi ts des no prevuat
Janguae development. Hoth linguage
uuderstunding and spoceh procesing may
reflect higherlewe) perveplual laening
Both may veanlre higher-level coguitive
dlovisions anche part of then’ lia exeain

sof development. 4 study by Bain,
"Tal, Obs, and Ras (1952; sugzart,
fee example, that ancinl wel hungangs
lenpaired childaen may nat lifer in

6
i

ois LANCEAGE RBOBDERG NE Hs

speech Cinrimintion. sbiities when the
experimental pasidigen invitees line
istic und euguil:ve pucoessing ne when
‘tural puvel stip are presente

“The tudles reportad thus far du aol role
‘oul a couse] ralationship butween speeckt
perception and develorsunl of longuage
scomszckenson, Te wv entirely paslo,
Ihowaver, shal Lolli speech perception
abilities and Iaagnage comprofension
rele ta sther variables not well under
Stoo. Care might ian the quality af
Tanguage experivauol by the old, and
sepees of touruunetoorleal ard nenroply-
‘ologie developmea, cspec'aly is the
lett easier

Further inwestigation of tke develogr
nent af speech processing :s Iangncge-
{impaired ebidleun i pee hy the Tack
ab x vulusive thensetion. frames for
fuck, alu. Do children fast perceive
Single aenestic eatazes and gradually
Invegsete them into Eulure aumpleses
That racy be identiied ay plowennes In

or do they pereeive syllables

peal paly gradually acer tbe
billy to “unpack” taase larger wails pos-
pally and apcording tu the sete of
‘individual features of hiv: they ave com
posed? At wha wages do esl cen begin to
rrsteeive dilleceat alleahnnes of a wives
Ehoneme se elraging to te aucay ule
Feit linguage? At what ayes are dey
feapable of roeayuizing 4 equivalent
lhananee ancl splables produced by dif
fevent sgeakers nein dhilocent contents? ix
thor wards, when and hove do they Fora
‘equivalence sla?

1 seeas likely tat reach In this area
vl rar peegress further ont a mee
eating with those ances of the develop

tment of spuseh peenaptton evolves. Te the
rmauntiae, the fmpartanes of the experi
‘eel wosk that hasheon eaied out ths

Toy civtel assessment aul interes
‘ln ma bn considered.

‘The secliqucs That Feve heen sed in
assosing sacoch powering, althongh Fro
‘icing formation nf invest, ava not yet
‘ppropriate for use in a elniol diggnoetic
slum, However, in the course of the
‘Talal Stavk and Sturl-Berystein ste,
grea: deal war ‘errued about the Tan-
unge-disablal ohildenss who typically
tuvpifest speech processing detety when
taumnpaved with aonmally deve'uping eli
Aten om experimental testing

‘These eld lal tore severe wep
sive Usa seoeglive language lepairment.
Thoir receptive difeclries shomld out,
however, be underestimated. While Uieir
contd recognition sbi toed. ta le
high, and saperin to wer linge bile
ting thoie perortauney on (oe Taken Test
WDetlensi & Vagools, JR62; Diimoni,
1978), a seoeptve tes! that provides ite
‘catescual mpport and in which shu la
gnoge pesented is highly aonrediundant,
‘war quite severely inipuired. To patna,
their soores on Part TV af the Token Test,
that punta planes greater steer on aul-
uy memory, were lor oe also Tall,
1875,

1 sas observed Ua, wha these Toa
sguige-disabled oblldeen were expected to
rexpnd fe tequests and instretians in the
lesstonm, thet: performance was :unch
poorer than would be prodivted uy the
hasis of their vanverslignal ability. In
stualions where they kev the topic of
‘unrersitn. and thor they could “3%
{helr nnd recognition sty te uly