18 A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

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A CONCISE
ANGLO-SAXON
DICTIONARY
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J.R. Clark Hail
Medieval Academy Reprints for Teaching
EDITORIAL BOARD
Madeline Caviness
Bill Harnum
Norris J. Lacy
Carol Neel
Edward Peters
Suzanne Rancourt
David Staines
Luke Wenger
J.R. Clark Hall
With a Supplement by
Herbert D. Meritt
A CONCISE
ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY
FOURTH EDITION
Published by University of Toronto Press
Toronto Buffalo London
in association with the Medieval Academy of America
Originally published 1894
Fourth edition © 1960
Cambridge University Press
Reprinted by permission of Cambridge University Press
Printed in Canada
ISBN 0-8020-6548-1
Reprinted 1984, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1996, 2000
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Hall, J. R. Clark (John Richard Clark), 1855-
A concise Anglo-Saxon dictionary
(Medieval Academy reprints for teaching; 14)
4th ed., with a supplement by Herbert D. Meritt.
Reprint. Originally pubhshed: Cambridge
[Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1960.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8020-6548-1
1. English language - Old English, ca. 450-1100 -
Dictionaries - English. I. Meritt, Herbert Dean,
1904- . П. Medieval Academy of America.
Ш. Title. IV, Series.
PE279.H341984 429321 C84-007675-4
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
The first edition of this dictionary having been exhausted, it has been
extensively revised, and certain new features and alterations have
been introduced into it.
i. The principle of arranging all words according to their actual
spelling has been to a considerable extent abandoned. It was ad­
mittedly an unscientific one, and opened the door to a good many
errors and inconsistencies. The head form in this edition may be
either a normalised form or one which actually occurs.
2. Words beginning with ge- have been distributed among the
letters of the alphabet which follow that prefix, and the sign + has
been employed instead of ge- in order to make the break in alpha­
betical continuity as little apparent to the eye as possible. The sign
± has been used where a word occurs both with and without the
prefix.
3. References to Cook's translation of Sievers' Anglo-Saxon
Grammar, and to the Grammatical Introduction to Sweet's Reader
have been taken out, as Wright's or Wyatt's Old English Grammar
will have taken their place with most English students.
4. A new feature which, it is hoped, will prove widely useful, is the
introduction of references to all, or nearly all, the headings in the New
English Dictionary under which quotations from Anglo-Saxon texts
are to be found. A vast mass of valuable information as to the etymo­
logy, meaning and occurrence of Old English words is contained in
that Dictionary, but is to a very large extent overlooked because it is
to be found under the head of words which are now obsolete, so that
unless one happens to know what was the last form which they had in
Middle English, one does not know how to get at it. This information
will be made readily available by the references in the present work,
which will form a practically complete index to the Anglo-Saxon
material in the larger dictionary and will at the same time put the
student on the track of interesting Middle English examples of the
use of Old English words. Besides directing the reader (by means of
quotation marks) to the heading in the New English Dictionary where
the relevant matter may be found, an indication has been given of the
texts from which quotations are made therein, when these do not
exceed four or five.
5. There have been many valuable contributions to Anglo-Saxon
lexicography (by Napier, Swaen, Schlutter, Förster, Wulfing and
vi PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
others) since the first edition of this Dictionary appeared, and these
have been made use of, but (as before) unglossaried matter has not
been systematically searched for words not hitherto recorded in
Anglo-Saxon Dictionaries.
6. The number of references to passages has been very largely
increased. All words occurring only in poetical texts have been
marked. If they occur more than once they bear the sign f, if only
once, a reference to the passage is generally given. If not they are
marked f. As regards prose texts, the rule has been only to give
references to particular passages in the case of rare words,—more
especially <о£гм/а.ое уд сХ The references to О,А CP and M which
were given in the earlier edition have been retained, as a useful indi­
cation that the word occurs in Early West Saxon or Late West Saxon
prose, as the case may be.
7. By various devices it has been found possible, while much
increasing the amount of matter in the book, to add very slightly to
the number of pages, and at the same time to reduce the number of
columns on a page from three to two. Most of these devices are more
or less mechanical, but one method of saving space may be mentioned.
Certain compound words, descriptive of places, which, as far as I know,
occur only in charters and which may often be more correctly regarded
as proper nouns, have not been separately inserted. Their meaning
can however always be ascertained by referring to their components,
and where the abbreviation Mdf is inserted the reader will understand
that examples of words so compounded, or of the components, or of
both, will be found in Birch's Cartulartum Saxontcum, or in Earle's
Land Charters, and that references to those examples are given in
MiddendorfFs Attcnglisches Flurnamenbuch.
8. In the List of Abbreviations, etc. at the commencement of the
book, editions of texts which are furnished with a glossary have been
specially indicated.
J. R. С H.
January 19x6
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
In this new edition account has been taken of the important publica­
tions concerned with Anglo-Saxon lexicography which have appeared
within the last sixteen years, and notably of the final instalments of
'BosworthrToller' (BT) and the New English Dictionary (NED). A
considerable number of words from twelfth-century texts, which
have not been recorded in BT, has been inserted in the Dictionary,
as there seemed to the writer that there was no sufficient ground for
their exclusion.
Generally speaking, the preface to the Second Edition still holds
good, except that a few words now marked f do not occur exclusively
in poetical texts but appear very rarely elsewhere, e.g. in glosses.
References to lines have been given in the case of all poetical words
which occur only once, the sign { being thus rendered unnecessary;
and as regards prose words, references to page and line have usually
been limited to those occurring once, or very rarely, or to passages
which are not noted in other dictionaries.
In the same preface it was stated that references to the texts from
which quotations have been made in the NED have only been given
as a rule when the numbers did not exceed four or five. As regards
the cases in which the quotations contained in the NED are more
numerous, this has been indicated in the present edition by the NED
word being printed in small capitals, an asterisk being added where
inflectional or other forms are specially illustrated in that Dictionary
by examples.
For the rest, the number of references has again been materially
increased, an indication having often been given of one or two texts
in which the more common words are to be found. It may be added
that a few words have been given on the authority of BT, NED or
Sweet alone when I have not been able to trace their source, or to
verify the references given in those dictionaries.
J. R. С H.
EASTBOURNE
April 1931

LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS
WITH THEIR EXPLANATION
Note 1. Where references are in italic type, quotations from the texts indicated
will be found in the New English Dictionary, under the head of the English word
which is distinguished in the article by quotation marks (see Preface). When the
quotations in the NED have been too numerous to allow of reference to them
in this Dictionary, the Modern English word has been put in SMALL CAPITALS ; and
an asterisk is affixed to it when examples of inflectional or other forms of an
Anglo-Saxon word are given in the NED. In references to special passages
volumes have been marked off from pages by an inverted full stop, and lines or
verses have been shown, where they follow other numerals, by small superior figures.
Occasionally where lines have not been numbered in a quoted text, the mark ' has
been inserted to show that the quotation is in the lower part of a page. References
to page and line have, as a rule, been restricted to words only occurring once.
Note 2. In the following list the number (1) after an edition of a text indicates
that the edition is supplied with a complete referenced glossary or word-index,
(2) that it has a complete glossary, but without references, and (3) that it has a
partial glossary or word-index.
Note 3. Some of the abbreviations given below are used in combination, eg.
MtLR«=the Lindisfarne and Rushworth MSS of St Matthew; BJPs«the Bos-
worth and the Junius Psalters; asf.«*accusative singular feminine; EK«= Early
Kentish.
Note 4. If any meanings of adverbs are given, they are additional to those
which may be inferred from the corresponding adjective.
Note 5. In settling the spelling and alphabetical order of words preference has
been given to EWS forms in ie or ie whenever they occur. Where other spellings
(i. У; h ?) bave been adopted '«ie' or '=Ie' has been added in the case of the
more important forms.
' ' Quotation marks are used to enclose «occurs only or mainly in poetical
the English words which should be texts. (For references to those texts
looked up in the NED in order to find v. GK.)
etymological information as to, and a. » accusative.
examples of the use of, the Anglo- A «Anglian, or, if followed by nu­
Saxon words to which the articles in merals, Anglia, Zeitschrift für Eng­
this Dictionary relate, see Note 1 lische Philologie, Halle, 1877 etc.
above. If they enclose Latin words, AB = Anglia Beiblatt.
they indicate the lemmata of Anglo- AA=Alexander's Letter, in Three
Saxon words in glosses or glossaries English Prose Texts, ed. S. Rypins
etc., or the Latin equivalent of such (EETS). 1924 (1).
words in the Latin texts from which Ж«Ж1ггіс. (References followed by
they are translated. The Latin is numerals in parentheses relate to
especially so given when «the Ags. certain Homilies attributed to іс гШД
word seems to be a blindly mecha­ in HL.) References to books in
nical and literal equivalent. сЪ іШЖ version of the Heptateuch,
* is prefixed to hypothetical forms. in Grein's JElfric de vetere et novo
Normalised forms of Ags. words Testamento (Bibi. der Ags. Prosa,
which actually exist are not usually vol. 1), or in S. J. Crawford's Hepta­
so marked. See also Note 1. teuch (EETS), 1929, are given under
' See Note 1 above. the abbreviations of their titles (GEN
+ Äge-. etc.). Words peculiar to Crawford's
± indicates that the Ags. word to which text axe marked C. See also ЖГ.
it is prefixed is found both with and JEGR*=JElhic's Grammatik und Glos­
without the prefix ge-. sar, ed. J. Zupitza, Berlin, 1880.
χ LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS
JEH - ^Elfric's Homilies, ed. В. Thorpe, BDS« Beitrage zur Geschichte der
London, 1844-6. (Quoted by vol., deutschen Sprache, ed. E. Sievers,
page and line.) Leipzig, 1874 etc.
ML· « iElfric's Metrical Lives of Saints, BF—Byrhtferth's Manual, ed. S. J.
ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS), 1881-1900 Crawford (EETS), 1929. Also in A
(3). vol. 8, from which the quotations in
,ŒP«2Elfric's Hirtenbriefe (Pastoral NED are made.
Letters), ed. В. Fehr, Hamburg, BH « the Anglo-Saxon version of Bede's
1914 (Bibi. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 9). Ecclesiastical History, 2 vols., éd. T.
.5ÎT«the prefatory matter in -flElfric's Miller (EETS), 1891-6. (Reference
Heptateuch (see Ж). Quoted from is usually made to the pages in vol. 1
Crawford by line only up to p. 75, as regards the various readings re­
and after that by page and line. corded in vol. 2—not to the pages in
AF« Anglistische Forschungen, ed. J. the latter vol.) Sch=ed. J. Schip­
Hoops, Heidelberg. per, Hamburg, 1899.
ALM «= the poem on Alms, in GR. Вк« Texte und Untersuchungen zur
AN «the poem of Andreas, in GR; or AE Literatur, etc., by R. Brotanek,
ed. G. P. Krapp, Boston, U.S.A., HaUe, 1913.
1905 (1). BL=The Bückling Homilies, ed. R.
ANDR « the prose legend of St Andrew, Morris (EETS), 1874^80 (1).
in BR. BLPS « Bückling Glosses to the Psalms,
ANS«Herrig's Archiv für das Studium at the end of BL.
der neueren Sprachen, Brunswick, Bo « King Alfred's translation of Boe-
1846 etc. thius, with the Metres of Boethius,
ANT=Analecta Anglo-saxonica by В. ed. W. J. Sedgefield, Oxford, 1899 (1).
Thorpe, London, 1846 (2). BPs«die AE Glossen im Bosworth-
anv.«anomalous verb. Psalter, ed. U. Iindelöf (Mémoires
АО «Alfred's translation of Orosius, de la Soc. néo-philologique à Helsing-
éd. H. Sweet (EETS), 1883. (v. also fors, tom. 5), 1909 (3).
Wfg.) BR «An Anglo-Saxon Reader, éd.
Ap=the poem of the Fate of the J. W. Bright, New York, or London,
Apostles, in GR; or included with 1923 (1).
Andreas in Krapp's edition (v. AN). BR « the poem of Brunanburh, in GR or
APs«the Arundel Psalter, éd. G. Oess fCHR.
(AF vol. 30), Heidelberg, 1910. BT «An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, by
APT« Anglo-Saxon version of Apol­ J. Bosworth and T. N. Toller, Ox­
lonius of Tyre, ed. В. Thorpe, ford, 1882-98; BTs«the Supple­
London, 1834. ment, 1908-21; BTac« Additions
AS »King Alfred's version of Augus­ and Corrections at the end of the
tine's Soliloquies, ed. Endter, Ham­ Supplement.
burg, 1922, or H. L. Hargrove (Yale BTK«C. G. Bouterwek; de officiis
Studies in Old English), Boston, hor arum, in pref. to Caedmon's
U.S.A., 1912 (1). References are to Biblische Dichtungen, Gütersloh,
Endter. See also SHR. 1854 (pp. 194-222).
Az=the poem of Azarias, in GR. ByH«12th Century Homilies in MS
В «the poem of Beowulf, in GR; also Bodley 343, ed: A. O. Belfour (EETS
ed. A. J. Wyatt and R. W. Chambers, vol. 137), 1909.
Cambridge, 1914 (1); or ed. W. J. CAS «Legends of St Andrew and St
Sedgeñeld, Manchester, 1912 (1); or Veronica, in Cambridge Antiq.
F. ег ЬеаЮ (ЮЬ.), Boston, U.S.A., Society's Publications, 1861.
1922 (1). CC—The Crawford Charters, ed. A.
BAS «The Admonition of St Basil, ed. S. Napier and W. H. Stevenson
H. W. Norman, London, 1849. (Anecdota Oxoniensia), Oxford, 1895.
BB« Bonner Beitrage zur Anglistik, CHR«TWO of the Saxon Chronicles
ed. M. Trautmann. Parallel, ed. J. Earle and C. Plum­
BC«Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. W. mer, Oxford, 1892 (1). The poetical
de Gray Birch, London, 1883 etc., passages are marked ţCHR.
3vols. CHRD = the Rule of Chrodegang, ed.
Bd«Bede. A. S. Napier (EETS), 1916.