1.4. Healthy Ageing in Population Ageing PDF
Preview 1.4. Healthy Ageing in Population Ageing
AGEING Learning from the Global South Population Policy Series 2 Editor: Joe Thomas Ageing Learning from the Global South Policy Series Editor : Joe Thomas Published by: Partners in Population and Development Block-F, Plot-17/B&C Sher-E-Bangla Nagar Administrative Zone, Agargaon Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh Phone: +880 2-9117842 http://www.partners-pop-dev.org/ First Published : 2017 Pre- & Post-Production : MOVING LINES (www.movinglines) MRP : US$10 ISBN : 978-984-34-3254-4 © This publication may be used in any form. Please feel free to quote, translate, distribute and transmit. Kindly acknowledge the source. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this compendium of Ageing reports from 7 Member Countries of Partners in Population and Development (PPD) are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy, position, or opinions of PPD. These reports have been prepared mainly based on the secondary data from Government sectoral-ministry data and reports, demographic and health surveys, and development partner reports. The authors also utilised contents of varous published and unpublished documents, including information gathered from websites. Any reference/quotation used in the reports that may not have been demonstrated and credited properly is not an intentional omission on behalf of the authors. Ageing Learning from the Global South Table of Content Index iv Tables iv Graphs and Figures v Acronyms vii Preface ix Introduction xiii CHINA 1 GHANA 27 KENYA 47 MEXICO 70 NIGERIA 92 SOutH AFRICA 109 VIEtNAM 122 About Authors & Contributors 151 iiiiii Ageing Learning from the Global South Index tables GHANA Table 1. Population of the elderly in Ghana, 1960–2050 31 Table 2. Ghana’s life expectancies – at birth, and age 60, healthy 33 life expectancy and potential support ratio compared with global averages Table 3. Age distribution of pensioners (72 to 90+), June 2015 42 KENYA Table 1. Trends and projected proportion of elderly population 53 1969–2050 Table 2. Trends and projected population of elderly 1969–2050 54 MEXICO Table 1. Selected health conditions in three cohorts of elderly 73 population Table 2. Prevalence of dementia cognitive impairments without 74 dementia Table 3. Literacy and schooling profile of the elderly population by 76 cohort. Mexico, 2010 Table 4. Educations by age groups, sex and indigenous condition 77 2015 Table 5 84 Table 6 85 iviv Ageing Learning from the Global South NIGERIA Table 1: Population of older persons in the six geo-political zones 94 Table 2: State Social Welfare Scheme for the Elderly in Ekiti, Osun 97 and Anambra Table 3: Wellbeing of older persons 100 VIETNAM Table 1. Population, proportion of older people 60+ years, 65+ 125 years and under 15 years Table 2. Population size by age group (million), 1989–2015 126 Table 3. Older people population structure by age group (million), 126 1989–2015 Graphs and Figures InTroduCTIon Graph1: Percentage of ageing of total population in PPD member xvii countries in 2015 Graph 2: Percentage of aged 60 or above population in year 2015, xviii 2030 and 2050 in PPD Member Countries Graph 3: Total Fertility Rate (Children Per Woman) of PPD MCs in xix the Year 2015 Graph 4: Healthy life expectancy at age 60 of PPD MCs xx CHINA Figure 1. Mode of improving care quality 19 Figure 2. Training mode of trainers improves the quality of home 20 vv Ageing Learning from the Global South KENYA Graph1: Proportion of older persons in Kenya from 1969 to 2009 48 (per cent) Graph 2: Prevalence of various diseases among older persons 50 reporting illness (per cent) Graph 3: HIV prevalence among older persons aged 60–64 years 50 by sex and residence (per cent) Graph 4: Prevalence of poverty by type among older persons 51 (per cent) Graph 5: Activities being undertaken by older persons 52 MEXICO Graph 1. Population in wide brackets of age. 1950–2010 and 72 projections to 2100 Graph 2. Rates of dependency in population 60+ by age brackets 82 and sex NIGERIA Graph 1: Trends in population ageing 93 SOUTH AFRICA Graph 1 111 VIETNAM Graph 1. Quantity and proportion of elderly population 124 (60+ years), 1989–2049 vvii Ageing Learning from the Global South Acronyms DSW : Department of Social Welfare DWELE : Development Work in Education, Livelihoods and Environment EXCOM : Executive Committee GCADC : Global Commission on Ageing in Developing Countries GSGDA : Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda ICPD POA : International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action INAPAM : National Institute of Protection of the Elderly KAIS : Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey KIHBS : Kenya Integrated Household and Budget Survey LEAP : Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty LMICs : Low and Middle Income Countries MC : Member Country MIPAA : Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing MoGCSP : Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection NCD : Non-Communicable Diseases NHIF : National Health Insurance Fund NPOPA : National Policy on Older Persons and Aging NSSF : National Social Security Fund vviiii Ageing Learning from the Global South PCC : Partners Country Coordinator PHC : Population and Housing Census PPD : Partners in Population and Development PWD : Persons with Disability SDGs : Sustainable Development Goals SSC : South South Cooperation SSNIt : Social Security and National Insurance Trust tFR : Total Fertility Rate tCM : Traditional Chinese Medicine WHO : World Health Organization vviiiiii Ageing Learning from the Global South Preface It is evident that rapid population ageing and a steady increase in human longevity present one of the hitherto unexplored social, economic and political challenges and opportunities of our time. Many developing countries use the phrase ‘getting old before getting rich’ to summarise the challenges of a rapidly ageing population. The demographic phenomenon of increase in AGEING population is a product of several factors such as access to better health care, subsequent increase in life expectancy and reducing fertility levels. The discourse around ‘AGEING’ presents it as, ‘although an inevitable process yet an undesirable phenomenon’. In such a context the opportunities and possibilities provided by the ‘AGEING’ is greatly ignored or disregarded. Though, the trajectory and experience of ‘ageing’ in developed economy and developing economy varies vastly, the policy formulation towards ‘ageing’ is greatly influenced by the data and evidence from the developed economies. It is becoming increasingly evident that responsible and fair ageing policy making in developing countries is possible and there is a need to carefully identify, learn, nurture this and share it among the developing countries. With right policy making, developing economies can continue to develop, navigate and promote health and active AGEING. Governments and societies have a responsibility to ensure people everywhere age with dignity and security, enjoying life through its full realisation. Many of the governments, particularly in developing country’s need to address the needs of older persons, by developing adequate policies, strategies and laws to ensure their well-being. Exploring ‘ageing’ from a social and health equity perspective may provide a useful frame work to explore the potential and opportunities provided by ageing population. Equity perspective also may present critique of dominant discourse on ageing as a ‘burden’ and ‘dependency’. ixix
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