12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS Proceedings of the 12 th International Ceramics Congress, part of CIMTEC 2010- 12 th International Ceramics Congress and 5th Forum on New Materials Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 6-11, 2010 PART J including: Symposium

156 Pages·2010·20.485 MB·English

by  Edited by Pietro VINCENZINI World Academy of Ceramics and National Research Council, Italy Co-edited by Maurizio FERRARI CNR-IFN, Italy Mrityunjay SINGH NASA Glenn Research Center, USA

12th INTERNATIONAL
CERAMICS CONGRESS
PART J
12th INTERNATIONAL
CERAMICS CONGRESS
Proceedings of the 12 th International Ceramics Congress, part of CIMTEC 2010-
12 th International Ceramics Congress and 5th Forum on New Materials
Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 6-11, 2010
PART J
including:
Symposium CM – Disclosing Materials at Nanoscale
Symposium CN – Advanced Inorganic Fibre Composites for Structural &
Thermal Management Applications
Edited by
Pietro VINCENZINI
World Academy of Ceramics and
National Research Council, Italy
Co-edited by
Maurizio FERRARI
CNR-IFN, Italy
Mrityunjay SINGH
NASA Glenn Research Center, USA

TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD

Switzerland • UK • USA

on behalf of TECHNA GROUP
Faenza • Italy
Copyright  2010 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland
Published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd., on behalf of Techna Group Srl, Italy
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, photocopying
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher.
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or
property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Laubisrutistr. 24
CH-8712 Stafa-Zuerich
Switzerland
http://www.ttp.net
EAN: 9783908158387
Volume 71 of
Advances in Science and Technology
ISSN 1661-819X

Full text available online at http://www.scientific.net
The listing of the other Volumes (1-61) of the Series "Advances in Science and Technology"
are available at TECHNA GROUP website: http://www.technagroup.it

Distributed worldwide by and in the Americas by
Trans Tech Publications Ltd Trans Tech Publications Inc.
Laubisrutistr. 24 PO Box 699, May Street
CH-8712 Stafa-Zuerich Enfield, NH 03748
Switzerland USA
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
PREFACE

CIMTEC 2010 was held in Montecatini Terme, Italy on June 6-18, 2010. This high qualitative and
comprehensive congressional event, similarly to the previous editions, has been designed to encompass and
derive synergism from a broad interdisciplinarity network capable of offering opportunities for identifying and
exploring new directions for research and production. The above based on the view that ongoing and future
innovations require at an ever increasing extent a complex array of interconnections among scientific research,
innovating technology and industrial infrastructure.

CIMTEC 2010 consisted of two major events: the 12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS (June 6-
11, 2010) and the 5th FORUM ON NEW MATERIALS (June 13-18, 2010). The World Academy of Ceramics
and the International Ceramic Federation (ICF) acted as principal endorsers for the first one, and the
International Union of Materials Research Societies (IUMRS) for the FORUM.

The 12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS included 12 International Symposia, two Focused
Sessions and two Serial International Conferences (“Disclosing Materials at Nanoscale” and “Advanced
Inorganic Fibre Composites for Structural and Thermal Management Applications”) which covered recent
progress in almost all relevant fields of ceramics science and technology. The 5th FORUM ON NEW
MATERIALS consisted of 11 International Symposia primarily concerned with energy technologies, one
Focused Session and two Serial International Conferences (“Science and Engineering of Novel
Superconductors” and “Medical Applications of Novel Biomaterials and Nano-biotechnology”).

A balanced, high quality programme of invited and contributed papers resulted from the over one thousand and
seven hundred scientific and technical contributions effectively presented during the working days to a large
international audience coming from fifty-seven countries throughout the world.

The 15 volumes which constitute the Official Proceedings of CIMTEC 2010 (10 for the Ceramics Congress, 5
for the Forum) include a selection of the papers presented. Having most of them been written by authors whose
mother tongue is not English, considerable revision of the original texts was often required. The partial
reworking of several papers and sometimes even complete rewriting was needed to make clear work valid as
regards the technical content but difficult to understand because of lack of proficiency in the English language.
Even so, in order to allow the scientific and technical community to have access to the proceedings volumes
within a reasonable length of time, compromise was necessary in regard to the quality of writing, and papers
containing language imperfections were considered acceptable provided that their technical content was
adequate and easily understandable.

The Editor, who also acted as the Chairman of CIMTEC 2010, would like to express his sincere appreciation to
all the Institutions and Professional Organizations involved in the congress, to the members of the International
Advisory Committees, the National Coordinating Committees, the Co-Chairs Prof. Akio Makishima (Japan) for
the INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS and Prof. Robert P.H. Chang (USA) for the FORUM ON
NEW MATERIALS, the Programme Chairs, the Lecturers, the technical staff of Techna Group, and to the many
others who directly or indirectly contributed to the organization. Indeed it was mainly through the involvement
of the above bodies and individuals, and the active participation of most internationally qualified experts from
major academic and government research institutes and industrial R&D centers that a very valuable scientific
programme could be arranged.

It is therefore expected for the Proceedings of CIMTEC 2010-12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS
CONGRESS & 5th FORUM ON NEW MATERIALS to constitute a further valuable contribution to the
literature in the field.

P. VINCENZINI
World Academy of Ceramics
Emeritus Research Manager
National Research Council of Italy
th
12 INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS

Chairman
Pietro VINCENZINI, Italy

Co-Chair
Akio MAKISHIMA, Japan

CM - 2nd International Conference “Disclosing Materials at Nanoscale”

Programme Chair
Maurizio FERRARI, Italy

Co-Chairs
Christoph GERBER, Switzerland Yury GOGOTSI, USA Koichi NIIHARA, Japan

Members
James H. Adair, USA Rui M. Almeida, Portugal Masakazu Aono, Japan Katsuhiko Ariga, Japan
Yoshio Bando, Japan François Beguin, France Dieter Bimberg, Germany Richard J. Blaikie, New
Zealand Brigitte Boulard, France Jürgen Brugger, Switzerland Enric Canadell, Spain R.P.H. Chang,
USA Yong-Ho Choa, Korea Gan-Moog Chow, Singapore M. Lucia Curri, Italy Chunhai Fan, China
Shoushan Fan, China Daisuke Fujita, Japan Lian Gao, China Malcolm L.H. Green, UK Martin P.
Harmer, USA M. Saif Islam, USA Jing-Feng Li, China Marian Marciniak, Poland Meyya Meyyappan,
USA Paolo Milani, Italy Seizo Morita, Japan Ungyu Paik, Korea David Pettifor, UK Alexander
Quandt, Germany C.N.R. Rao, India Giancarlo C. Righini, Italy Albert Romano-Rodriguez, Spain
Tohru Sekino, Japan Zhigang Shuai, China Richard W. Siegel, USA Xiaowei Sun, Singapore Masasuke
Takata, Japan Setsuhisa Tanabe, Japan Zhong Lin Wang, USA Andrew T.S. Wee, Singapore

CN - 6th International Conference “Advanced Inorganic Fibre Composites for
Structural & Thermal Management Applications”

Programme-Chair and Co-Chair
Mrityunjay SINGH, USA

Co-Chairs
Walter KRENKEL, Germany Tatsuki OHJI, Japan

Members
Rajiv Asthana, USA Alan Baker, Australia Wolfgang Brocks, Germany Tsu-Wei Chou, USA R.J.
Diefendorf, USA Andrew L. Gyekenyesi, USA Jow-Lay Huang, Taiwan Toshihiro Ishikawa, Japan
Chun-Gon Kim, South Korea Hai-Doo Kim, South Korea Pierre Ladeveze, France Jacques Lamon,
France Javier Llorca, Spain Lalit Mohan Manocha, India Sanjay Mathur, Germany Sergei T. Mileiko,
Russia Andreas Mortensen, Switzerland Roger Naslain, France Kiyohito Okamura, Japan Dieter Sporn,
Germany Vijay K. Srivastava, India
Table of Contents
Preface
Committees
SECTION I – DISCLOSING MATERIALS AT NANOSCALE
Nanogaps for Sensing
F. Favier 1
Rare – Earth – Doped Silicate Glass – Ceramic Thin Films for Integrated Optical Devices
S. Berneschi, G. Alombert-Goget, C. Armellini, B.N.S. Bhaktha, M. Brenci, A. Chiappini, A.
Chiasera, M. Ferrari, S. Guddala, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G.C. Righini and S. Turrell 6
Er3+/Yb3+/Ce3+ Co-Doped Fluoride Glass Ceramics Waveguides for Application in the
1.5µm Telecommunication Window
B. Boulard, G. Alombert-Goget, I. Savelii, C. Duverger-Arfuso, Y.P. Gao, M. Ferrari and F.
Prudenzano 16
Preparation of PVA/ Sm(NO ) -Sm O Composites Nanofibers by Electrospinning
3 3 2 3
Technique
P. Frontera, C. Busacca, V. Modafferi, P. Antonucci and M. Lo Faro 22
Irradiation of a Nanocomposite of Pseudoboehmite-Nylon 6,12
A.H. Munhoz, R.M. Peres, L.H. Silveira, L.G. Andrade e Silva and L.F. de Miranda 28
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes/Gold Nanoparticles Hybrids for Environmental
Applications
L. Minati, G. Speranza, I. Bernagozzi, S. Torrengo, L. Toniutti, B. Rossi, M. Ferrari and A.
Chiasera 34
MoO Nanowires as Inorganic Components of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Composites
3-x
V. Domenici, M. Conradi, M. Remškar, A. Mrzel and B. Zalar 40
XPS Study of In Situ One-Step Amination of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films
S. Torrengo, A. Miotello, G. Speranza, L. Minati, I. Bernagozzi, M. Ferrari, A. Chiasera, M.
Dipalo and E. Kohn 45
Opal-Type Photonic Crystals: Fabrication and Application
A. Chiappini, G. Alombert-Goget, C. Armellini, S. Berneschi, B. Boulard, M. Brenci, I. Cacciari,
C. Duverger-Arfuso, S. Guddala, M. Ferrari, E. Moser, D.N. Rao and G.C. Righini 50
Simulation of Complex Dielectric Materials
A. Quandt and H.A.M. Leymann 58
Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic Nanocomposites – The Phase Mixture Modeling
Approach
W. Pabst and J. Hostaša 68
The Ballistic Impact Characteristics of Woven Fabrics Impregnated with a Colloidal
Suspension and Flattened Rolls
C.G. Kim, I.J. Kim, G. Lim and B.I. Yoon 74
SECTION II – ADVANCED INORGANIC FIBRE COMPOSITES
FOR STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT
APPLICATIONS
Thermally Controlled Crystallization of Electrospun TiO Nanofibers
2
H.J. Park and W.M. Sigmund 80
Si-C-O Fibres in Gas Reactive Atmospheres
M. Brisebourg, S. Mazerat, G. Puyoo, H. Plaisantin, P. Dibandjo, G.D. Soraru and G. Chollon 86
Design and Preparation of Laminated Composites
D.L. Jiang 92
Development and Characterization of Transparent Glass Matrix Composites
B. Pang, D.S. McPhail, D.D. Jayaseelan and A.R. Boccaccini 102
Modelling Infiltration of Fibre Preforms From X-Ray Tomography Data
G.L. Vignoles, W. Ros, I. Szelengowicz, C. Mulat, C. Germain and M. Donias 108
b 12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS PART J
SA-Tyrannohex-Based Composite for High Temperature Applications
T. Ishikawa 118
Effect of Surface-Modified Si-Al-C® Fibre Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Silicon
Carbide Composite
H. Moriyasu, J. Kita, H. Suemasu, I.J. Davies, S. Koda and K. Itatani 127
Application of Fiber Produced by Plasma Spray Method in Cementitious Complex Binder
R. Kalpokaite-Dickuviene, K. Brinkiene and J. Cesniene 133
Irradiation of a Polypropilene-Glass Fiber Composite
L.F. de Miranda, L.H. Silveira, L.G. Andrade e Silva and A.H. Munhoz 138
© (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.71.1
Nanogaps for Sensing
Frédéric Favier1,a
1
Institut Charles Gerhardt, AIME, UMR 5253 CNRS, Université Montpellier II, cc015 34095
Montpellier Cedex 5, France
a
[email protected]
Keywords: nano/mesogap fabrication; top-down; bottom-up; hybrid method; chemical sensing

Abstract. Modern resistive chemical sensors include discontinuous nano/mesostructures. Sensing
performances are then governed by the chemical nature of the nanostructure gap as well as by the
sensor design at the nanogap scale. Various top-down, bottom-up and hybrid fabrication routes of
discontinuous/nanogaped metal nano and mesostructures have been developed. These structures are
assembled/organized on insulating surfaces for integration of resistor based devices for the specific
sensing of chemicals in gaseous as well as in liquid media. Hydrogen sensing based on
discontinuous/gaped palladium nano/mesostructures is a chosen case-study for the evaluation of
various nano/mesogap fabrication methods.
Introduction
In several sensing devices, sensitive part includes separated elements or gaps. Depending on the
device type, span size can range from micrometers to nanometers and progressively tend to
decrease for miniaturisation purpose, performance improvement or simply because of a sensing
mechanism based on the presence of discontinuities or gaps. Gap micro or nanostructures can be
found in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) such as accelerometer or pressure gauges [1].
An Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tip running in non-contact mode is a cutting-edge example of
such gap-based mechanical sensors. In contrast, air-bag actuators in modern cars are probably the
most widely spread MEMS based on separated elements. On the other hand, chemio-resistive
sensing devices are based on the variation of the electrical conductivity of the sensing material
when interacting with the targeted analyte [2]. Sensing operation imposes the use of electrodes with
span tending to nanosize as single molecule based devices are now being envisioned. For some
other resistive chemical sensors, the sensitive part it-self has to include gaps and discontinuities.
This is typically the case for hydrogen sensors based on discontinuous palladium
nano/mesostructures. Sensing mechanism is based on reversible gap closing/opening under H /H
2 2
-free atmospheres undergoing the conversion equilibrium between palladium and corresponding
palladium hydride [3,4]. Sensing performances depend on device designs and material
microstructures and assembling/organizations. Various top-down, bottom-up and hybrid fabrication
routes of discontinuous palladium structures can be used for the fabrication of such resistor based
H sensing devices. 1-D, 2D, and 3-D structures can be achieved using appropriate material
2
templating and self-organization methods constituting an appropriate case study for the evaluation
of potential fabrication methods of nanogaps for sensing.
Results and Discussion
Top-down Route: A Single Nanotrench in an Evaporated Palladium Microwire
The selected top-down engineering approach explores advantages and limits of the use of reliable,
repeatable and scalable lithography -based fabrication method for the perfect control of the number
and the geometrical arrangement of nanogaps between two electrodes. A large set of material
deposition techniques is available while the choice of the most suitable substrate is expected to
2 12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS PART J

simultaneously improve sensing performances and facilitate system integration procedures [5].

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic process flow for fabrication of the sensing devices; (b) Analysis of four
exemplary nanotrenches by SEM. (i) FIB cuts with different nominal widths (from left to right: 40,
30, 20, 10 nm) in a 50 nm thin Pd microwire, (ii) FIB milled cross section of the same trenches, (iii)
the same image but with enhanced contrast. The images show open cuts, a partially open cut and a
cut on the onset of milling.

Palladium microwires of various thicknesses were fabricated by e-beam evaporation at room
temperature and lift-off process (figure 1-left) onto various insulating layers including SiO (rigid)
2
and polyimide (PI, elastic). A single nanotrench was fabricated by focused ion beam milling (FIB)
in evaporated palladium microwires. As shown in Fig.1, trenches of different nominal widths were
milled into wires. Single FIB cuts were performed using milling doses in the range of 1–2
2 -1 2 -1
(nm s) and 1.7–2.7 (nm s) to completely open gaps in air.

Fig. 2. (a) Typical electrical signal a FIB-cut Pd microwires on PI coating and a single nanotrench
under various H /N cycles (room temperature, bias = 20 mV); (b) 25 nm thick Pd wire, trench
2 2
width: 61nm±5nm; (b) 50nm thick Pd wire, trench width: 26nm±5nm. The superposition of the
mechanical closing of the gap (resulting in an increase in current) and the change in resistance due
to the conversion of Pd to PdH (resulting in a decrease in current) become visible at H
x 2
concentrations above 3%. No response was observed for H concentrations below 2.5%.
2

Microwires on SiO peeled off after a few H /N cycles. These damages are caused by the high
2 2 2
mechanical stress, on the order of several Gpa, induced by the Pd to PdH conversion in the thin
x