1 AFRO-REGIONS THE DYNAMICS OF CROSS-BORDER MICRO-REGIONALISM IN AFRICA ...

203 Pages·2008·0.96 MB·English

AFRO-REGIONS
THE DYNAMICS OF CROSS-BORDER
MICRO-REGIONALISM IN AFRICA
Edited by
Fredrik Söderbaum and Ian Taylor
NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET 2008
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Indexing terms:
Regionalization
Regional cooperation
Regional integration
Regional development
Regional organizations
Politics
Governance
Case studies
Africa
Cover: Amigos Design
Language editing: Peter Colenbrander
Index: Margaret Binns
ISBN 978-91-7106-618-3
© the authors and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2008
Printed in Sweden by Elanders Sverige AB, Stockholm 2008
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This book is dedicated in loving and eternal memory to
Helena Söderbaum, wife, mother and friend, who passed away
suddenly and tragically as this volume was being prepared.
And to Ludvig and Lovisa, proof that there is
always hope in the future.
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Acknowledgements
The book has its origins in an earlier research project on the Maputo De-
velopment Corridor (MDC), during which it became evident to us that
there was an absence of systematic analysis of cross-border micro-regions in
Africa. As soon as our book on the MDC was completed, we started to plan
for a follow-up involving a greater sample of various types of micro-regions
from across the African continent.
We identified leading African studies scholars, whose contributions were
first discussed at a workshop organised by the United Nations University-
Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS). The institutional
and intellectual support from UNU-CRIS and the participants in that
workshop are gratefully acknowledged. Most authors have subsequently
met with the editors and at other venues to dicsuss further the making and
unmaking of “Afro-regions”. We organised, for instance, a panel on Afro-
regions at the AEGIS European Conference on African Studies 2007 in
Leiden, the Netherlands.
The comments from two anonymous reviewers have been invaluable in
improving the manuscript. We also wish to extend our gratitude to Mikael
Weissman for his editorial assistance in the process of completing the vol-
ume, as well as the editorial team at the Nordic Africa Institute.
Fredrik Söderbaum acknowledges the financial support of the Swed-
ish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), under research
project SWE-2001–123: “Governance, development and micro-regional-
ism in Southern Africa: The case of the Lubombo, Maputo, Nacala and
Zambezi Basin Initiatives”.
Fredrik Söderbaum and Ian Taylor
Göteborg and St. Andrews, December 2007
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Abbreviations
ACEG African Centre for Economic Growth
ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States
ADF Allied Democratic Forces
ADPN Agence pour la Promotion et le Développement des Préfectures
et Provinces du Nord du Royaum
AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act
AIM Mozambique News Agency
AU African Union
BIP Beluluane Industrial Park
BOT build, operate and transfer
BWI Bretton Woods Institutions
C2C Coast to Coast SDI
CAF Central African Federation
CETI Temporary Stay Centre for Immigrants
CFM Mozambique Ports and Railways (Caminhos de Ferro de
Mozambique)
CIP Cross-border Initiatives Programme
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern African
COREPER EU’s Committee of Permanent Representatives
CPI Investment Promotion Centre (Mozambique)
CVRD Companhia do Vale do Rio Doce
DACDF Diamond Area Community Development Fund
DBSA Development Bank of Southern Africa (South Africa)
DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo
DTI Department of Trade and Industry (South Africa)
EC European Communities
ECOMOG ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EO Executive Outcomes
EPFL Eritrean People’s Liberation Front
EPRDF Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front
EPU export processing unit
EPZ export-processing zone
EU European Union
FIAS Foreign Investment Advisory Service of the World Bank
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Frelimo Frenta de Libertação de Moçambique
GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution
GT Growth Triangle
HSMF Holy Spirit Mobile Forces
IDA International Development Association
IDC Industrial Development Corporation (South Africa)
IDP internally displaced person
IFC International Financial Corporation
IFI international financial institution
IFZ Industrial Financial Zone
IGO inter-governmental organisation
LED local economic development
LPC Liberian Peace Council
LRA Lord’s Resistance Army
MCLI Maputo Corridor Logistics Initiative
MDC Maputo Development Corridor
MFS Médecins Sans Frontières
MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
Mozal Mozambique Aluminium Smelter
MRU Mano River Union
NALU National Army for the Liberation of Uganda
NCD Nacala Development Corridor
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NGO non-governmental organisation
NRA National Resistance Army
NRA new regionalism approach
NRM National Resistance Movement
OAU Organisation of African Unity
OCDN Organisation Commune Dahomey Niger
ODC Overseas Development Company
PFDJ People’s Front for Democracy and Justice
PICAS Programme for Innovative Cooperation among the
South
PPP public-private partnership
PRA People’s Redemption Army
PU Première Urgence
RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme
REC Regional Economic Community
Renamo Resistência Nacional Moçambicana
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RESDIC Regional SDI Committee
RPA Rwanda Patriotic Army
RPF Rwanda Patriotic Front
SACU Southern African Customs Union
SADC Southern African Development Community
SDCN Nacala Corridor Development Company
SDI spatial development initiative
SEMP strategic environmental management plan
SU-TCDC Special Unit for Technical Cooperation among
Developing Countries
SWAPO South West African People’s Organisation
TPFL Tigray People’s Liberation Front
TRAC TransAfrica Concessions
TTCA United Liberation Movement for Democracy in Liberia
UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social
Affairs
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees
UNOCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USTDA US Trade and Development Agency
WBCG Walvis Bay Corridor Group
WBEPZMC Walvis Bay EPZ Management Company
WTO World Trade Organisation
ZMM Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique
ZMM-GT Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique Growth Triangle
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Contents
INTRODUCTION
Considering Micro-regionalism in Africa
in the Twenty-first Century
Fredrik Söderbaum and Ian Taylor ................................... 13
PART ONE:
INFORMALISING THE FORMAL – OR VICE VERSA?
Chapter 1. Competing Region-building in the Maputo
Development Corridor
Fredrik Söderbaum and Ian Taylor ................................. 35
Chapter 2. Walvis Bay-Swakopmund: Desert Micro-region and
Aspiring Regional Gateway
David Simon and Muriel Samé Ekobo ............................ 53
Chapter 3. Region-building in Central Mozambique: The Case of the
Zambezi Valley Spatial Development Initiative
Milissão Nuvunga ......................................................... 74
Chapter 4. The Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique Growth-Triangle
(ZMM-GT): Discursive Region-building in Africa and
Consequences for Development
Nikki Slocum-Bradley .................................................... 90
PART TWO:
THE INFORMALITY OF MICRO-REGIONALISM IN AFRICA
Chapter 5. Informal Cross-border Micro-regionalism in West Africa:
The Case of the Parrot’s Beak
J. Andrew Grant ............................................................ 105
Chapter 6. “At the Gates of El Dorado”: Micro-dynamics in the
Transnational Border Area between Northern Morocco
and Europe
Terhi Lehtinen ............................................................... 121
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Chapter 7. The Road to the Sea: The Regional Politics of
Ethiopia’s Trade
Christopher Clapham ..................................................... 136
Chapter 8. War in the Great Lakes Region and Ugandan Conflict
Zones: Micro-regionalisms and Meta-narratives
Morten Bøås and Kathleen M. Jennings ........................... 153
Chapter 9. Beyond Parochialism: Cross-border Regionalism
as a Gateway
Daniel Bach ................................................................... 171
Bibliography ..................................................................................... 181
Authors ............................................................................................ 195
Index ................................................................................................ 197
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