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XX saukunis msoflio ekonomikis konceptualuri analizi da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri portreti PDF

140 Pages·2015·0.61 MB·Lithuanian
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Preview XX saukunis msoflio ekonomikis konceptualuri analizi da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri portreti

rozeta asaTiani XX saukunis msoflio ekonomikis konceptualuri analizi da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri portreti gamomcemloba `siaxle” Tbilisi 2015 UDK (uak) 338(100) a – 871 rozeta asaTiani. XX saukunis msoflio ekono- mikis konceptualuri analizi da saqarTvelos eko- . nomikuri portreti Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `siax- le~, 2015. _ 140 gv. naSromSi ZiriTadad ganxilulia XX saukunis msoflio ekonomika zogadi ekonomikuri Teoriisa da masTan dakavSirebu- li ekonomikuri politikis warmoSoba-ganviTarebis gaanalize- bis safuZvelze. amasTan, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom aRniSnuli periodis transformaciuli procesebi ar yofiliyo mowyveti- li wina Tu Semdgomi periodebisgan, amitom SesavalSi calke sakiTxebad ganvixileT ekonomikis rogorc mecnierebisa da mas- Tan organul kavSirSi myofi msoflio ekonomikuri politikis genezisis mokle istoria. msoflioSi mimdinare globaluri procesebis WrilSi naS- romSi mokled gaSuqebulia saqarTvelos ekonomika dasabamidan dRemde, romelic warmodgenilia or nawilad: qvis xanidan axal epoqamde da axali epoqidan _ XX saukunis 90-iani wlebis dasaw- yisidan _ dRemde, 1991-2014 wlebis saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli socialur-ekonomikuri procesebis gaanalizebis safuZvelze. aseTi saxiT naSromis warmodgena safuZvels gvaZlevs vi- fiqroT, rom igi saintereso da gasagebi iqneba ara mxolod eko- nomistebisaTvis _ kvalificiuri auditoriisaTvis, aramed mkiT- xvelTa farTo wrisTvisac. mecnier-redaqtori: nodar WiTanava – ekonomikur mec- nierebaTa doqtori, profesori. recenzentebi: paata leiaSvili – ekonomikur mec- nierebaTa doqtori, profesori; revaz lorTqifaniZe – ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori; jemal kaxniaSvili – ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori. ISBN 978-9941-91-343-3 © r. asaTiani, 2015; © gamomcemloba `siaxle~, 2015. 2 redaqtorisagan profesor rozeta asaTianis winamdebare naSromi originaluria. igi gamoirCeva problemebis xedvis masStaburobiT, ganxilvis mravalmxrivobiT (sistemu- robiT), ekonomikuri ganviTarebis, movlenebis roli- sa da mniSvnelobis logikuri axsniT. masSi axlebu- radaa ganxiluli XX saukuneSi msoflio ekonomikis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi, tendenciebi da kanonzo- mierebebi. naSromis erT-erT Rirsebad unda miviCnioT is, rom msoflioSi mimdinare procesebis fonze av- torma SeZlo argumentirebulad warmoedgina saqar- Tvelos Tanamedrove ekonomikuri portretis ZiriTa- di niSnebi da maxasiaTeblebi. mTlianad viziarebT avtoriseul mosazreba-daskvnas imis Sesaxeb, rom `erovnuli ekonomikis transformaciis winaaRmdegob- riv procesSi saqarTvelos ekonomikur politikaSi ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli msoflioSi farTod apro- birebuli mdidari gamocdileba. klasikuri formiT qveyanas ekonomikuri zrdis arc erTi modeli ar ga- mouyenebia. ucxouri rekomendaciebi, romlebic safuZ- vlad daedo saqarTvelos ekonomikur politikas, erovnuli interesebis araadekvaturi iyo. qveynis wa- rumateblobis mTavari mizezi amaSi unda veZioT~. avtorma mogvca kargi magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba konkretuli situaciis analizi-Sefasebi- saTvis sistemuri midgomis meTodologiis Semoqmede- biTad gamoyeneba. naSromSi, ekonomikis ganviTarebis istoriuli procesi ganxilulia erT sibrtyeze, misi mraval- mxrivi TaviseburebebiT da warmodgenilia Semdegi sqemiT: ekonomikuri azrisa da Teoriis ganviTareba – ekonomikis transformacia – XX saukunis ekonomikis zogadi kanonzomierebebi da ganviTarebis Tavisebure- bebi _ saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebis etapob- rivi analizi da Tanamedrove tendentiebi. niSandob- 3 livia, rom yvela es mimarTuleba ganxilulia ro- gorc mTlianobiTi sistemis Semadgeneli nawilebis urTierTganpirobebulobisa da dialeqtikuri erTia- nobis konteqstSi. aseT midgomas, TeoriulTan erTad, gansakuTrebuli pragmatuli mniSvneloba aqvs da adasturebs imas, rom Tanamedrove rTul sistemebSi, romlebic globalizaciis presingiT drosa da siv- rceSi Tvisebriv cvlilebebs ganicdis, mTavaria Teo- riisa da praqtikis sinTezis, mravalsaukunovani ten- denciebisa da kanonzomierebebis sworad aRqma da ganviTarebis regulirebis meqanizmebis formireba. avtorma SeZlo saqarTvelos ekonomikis gardaqm- nis mecnieruli analizi-Sefaseba da amjeradac Se- mogvTavaza uaRresad saintereso da angariSgasawevi rekomendaciebi. Cvens mizans ar warmoadgens mkiTxvels Tavs mo- vaxvioT winamdebare naSromis Sefasebebi, magram gvin- da movuwodoT waikiTxos igi, rac, Cveni azriT, uTu- od sasargeblo iqneba misTvis, Tu mas ainteresebs ekonomikuri Teoriisa da, saerTod, ekonomikis ganvi- Tarebis, miT ufro erovnuli ekonomikis bunebis, misi agebulebis, niSan-Tvisebebis realurad aRqma da gan- viTarebis kanonzomierebebSi garkveva. mkiTxvelis kmayofilebas uTuod gamoiwvevs av- toris mier mecnieruli keTilsindisierebiT, dauRa- lavi nayofieri SromiT Seqmnili wignis Teoriuli done da pragmatuli mniSvneloba. naSromi did samsa- xurs gauwevs maT, visac surs Tanamedrove ekonomikis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa saidumlos Cawvdes da obieqturi warmodgena hqondes erovnuli ekonomikis transformaciis tendenciebze. amitom gvaqvs sruli safuZveli davaskvnaT, rom prof. rozeta asaTianis morigi naSromi qarTuli ekonomikuri mecnierebis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia. profesori nodar WiTanava 4 masStaburi Canafiqri winamdebare monografia udavod araordinaluri naSromia qarTulenovan ekonomikur literaturaSi da Tavisi originalurobiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba saqar- TveloSi bolo wlebSi gamoqveynebul samecniero Sromebisagan mecnieruli xedvis siRrmiT da masSta- burobiT, istorizmis alRoTi da kreatiulobiT. sainteresoa TviT Canafiqri, rom naSromSi ganxi- luliyo ekonomikuri Teoria da praqtika urTierT- kavSirSi uxsovari droidan dRemde da am saerTo konteqstSi gaSuqebuliyo saqarTvelos warsuli da dRevandeli ekonomikuri realoba. es udavod masSta- buri Canafiqri, romelic saWiroebs did erudicias, analitikur unars da, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, `mecnierul gambedaobas~, Zalze sainteresod aris realizebuli am kompaqturad Sedgenil teqstSi. swored aseTi arqiteqtonikis wyalobiT naSromi naTelyofs droTa kavSirs ekonomikur warsuls, awmyo- sa da momavals Soris, rac iZleva ekonomikuri proce- sebis da ekonomikuri azris ganviTarebis logikis da- naxvis saSualebas. amitom savsebiT marTebulia avto- ris pozicia, rodesac wers, rom `naSromis aseTi arqi- teqtonika xels Seuwyobs msoflio ekonomikaSi ganvi- Tarebuli procesebis sworad aRqmasa da gaanalizebas, saboloo angariSiT ki, saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi daS- vebuli uxeSi Secdomebis gamoaSkaravebas, ramac arap- rognozirebad riskebTan miiyvana erovnuli ekonomika~. am naSromis wakiTxvisas kidev erTxel dastur- deba is mosazreba, rom ekonomikuri Teoria didwi- lad ganapirobebs ekonomikuri subieqtebis qcevebs da, e.i., ekonomikur realobas. amitom gamodis, rom ekonomikuri realobis Semecneba damokidebuli xdeba Tavisive Semecnebis Sedegebze anu iqmneba mankieri wre, romelic SeuZlebels xdis WeSmaritebis dadge- nas. am TvalsazrisiT aseTi globaluri procesebis 5 `bibliuri xedva~ iZleva mecnieruli distancirebis saSualebas da, Sesabamisad, ekonomikuri movlenebis arsSi wvdomas, rac calkeuli problemis izolire- buli kvleviT SeuZlebelia. naSromSi Zalze gonivrulad aris dabalansebu- li aqcentebi ekonomikuri Teoriisa da praqtikis evoluciis gaanalizebisas. amis gamo monografia Zalze sainteresod ikiTxeba da ar aZlevs mkiTxvels yuradRebis modunebis saSualebas. naSromi Zalze in- formatiulia da gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo iqneba studneti-axalgazrdobisaTvis, visac eZRvneba es wig- ni. maT pirvel rigSi sWirdebaT profesiuli dauf- lebis sawyis etapzeve Seiqmnan adekvaturi warmodge- na ekonomikuri procesebisa da ekonomikuri Teoriis urTierTkavSiris Taobaze. gansakuTrebiT dRes, rodesac sayovelTaod aS- kara gaxda Tu raoden didia ufskruli jer kidev ga- batonebul neoklasikur Teoriasa da ekonomikur re- alobas Soris, aseTi tipis Sromebi calsaxad upasu- xebs socialur dakveTas, raTa Teoria daubrundes realobas, ecados arsebuli umwvavesi problemebis gadaWras da ar SeniRbos Tavisi mecnieruli uZlure- ba da usafuZvlo ambiciebi zRvarsgadasuli maTema- tizaciiT. Tavisi naSromiT qalbatoni rozeta gvaxse- nebs, rom Teoria ar aris TviTmizani, rom Teoria gvWirdeba ekonomikuri realobis gasaumjobeseblad. avtorma Seqmna teqsti, romelic gvaiZulebs viaz- rovnoT, raRac sakiTxebSi daveTanxmoT, raRacaSi ki ara, badebs kiTxvebs da, Sesabamisad, survils, rom ve- ZioT maTze pasuxi, rameTu swored es pasuxgaucemeli kiTxvebi da maTze pasuxebis Ziebis daucxromeli inte- resi, swored iseTi, rogoric aqvs winamdebare monog- rafiis avtors, aris mecnierebis mamoZravebeli Zala. profesori paata leiaSvili 6 vuZRvni saqarTvelos student-axalgazrdobas w i n a T q m a adam smiTi iTvleba XVIII saukunis udides eko- nomistad, karl marqsi – XIX saukunisa, xolo jon meinard keinzs ekuTvnis XX saukunis palma. msofli- os udides ekonomistTa Sesaxeb es formulireba sa- yovelTaod aRiarebulia Tanamedrove ekonomikur literaturaSi. XIX saukunis msoflio ekonomikis genialuri analizi mogvca karl marqsma, XX saukune ki elode- ba aseT analizs. Tu gadavavlebT Tvals Tanamedro- veobis cnobil ekonomistTa sias, am mxriv, Zalze damaimedebelia 1969 wlidan moyolebuli yovel wels ekonomikis dargSi mecnier-ekonomistebisaTvis nobelis premiis miniWeba, magram, miuxedavad amisa, jer kidev, srulad ar aris warmodgenili XX sau- kunis msoflio ekonomikis transformaciuli proce- sebis konceptualuri analizi. amis gareSe Znelia nebismier qveyanaSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSi, daSve- buli uxeSi Secdomebis gamovlena da samomavlod maTi aRmofxvra. SeiZleba esec iyos Tanamedrove msoflio ekonomikaSi arsebuli rTuli viTarebis Camoyalibebis erT-erTi mTavari mizezi. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT saWirod miviCnieT Sesavlis saxiT mokled mimogvexila da calke sa- kiTxebad gamogveyo dasabamidan XX saukunemde eko- nomikis, rogorc mecnierebis, warmoSobis wanam- ZRvrebi, ekonomikuri Teoriis roli msoflio eko- 7 nomikuri politikis formireba-ganviTarebaSi, gansa- kuTrebuli yuradReba gagvemaxvilebina `keinzianur revoluciaze~, aqedan gamomdinare ki, mis udides rolze XX saukunis msoflioSi arsebuli antago- nisturi winaaRmdegobebis daZlevasa da kacobriobis gadarCenaSi. aseTma moWarbebulma problemebma, rogorc eko- nomikur mecnierebaSi, ise msoflio ekonomikur po- litikaSi, mikarnaxa gamomeTqva mosazreba am urTu- lesi problemis irgvliv (saqarTvelos prioritetis gaTvaliswinebiT). mkiTxvels vTxov momitevos da Ce- mi gadawyvetileba ambiciurobaSi ar CamomarTvas. vfiqrobT, naSromis aseTi arqiteqtonika xels Seuwyobs msoflio ekonomikaSi ganviTarebuli pro- cesebis sworad aRqmasa da gaanalizebas, saboloo angariSiT ki, saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi daSvebuli uxeSi Secdomebis gamoaSkaravebas, ramac araprogno- zirebad riskebTan miiyvana erovnuli ekonomika. gaweuli SromisaTvis udides madlobas movaxse- neb naSromis mecnier-redaqtors, ekonomikur mecnie- rebaTa doqtors, profesor nodar WiTanavas, recen- zentebs – ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtorebs, pro- fesorebs paata leiaSvilsa da revaz lorTqifani- Zes, ekonomikis akademiur doqtors jemal kaxniaS- vils. rogorc winamdebare naSromis avtori, velode- bi saqmian SeniSvnebs, risTvisac am procesSi Car- Tul yvela daintereserul pirs winaswar vuxdi mad- lobas. 8 S e s a v a l i ekonomikuri mecnierebis warmoSobis wanamZRvrebi ekonomikuri mecnierebis warmoSobis wanamZRvre- bis Canasaxi uZvelesi periodis aRmosavleTis moaz- rovneTa moZRvrebebSia saZiebeli. Tavdapirvelad ekonomikis Sesaxeb primitiuli warmodgenebi arsebobda.* Semdgom periodSi ekonomi- kis mecnierulad gaazrebis mcdeloba gamoCnda babi- lonis mefis hamurabis kanonebSi (Zv.w. XVIIIs.), CineT- Si – konfuZisa (Zv.w. VI-Vss.) da men-Zis (Zv.w. IIIs.) Se- xedulebebSi, indoeTis erT-erT mniSvnelovan Zeg- lSi – `artaStastkSi~ (Zv.w. IV-IIIss.) da a.S. ekonomikuri mecnierebis sawyisebis SeqmnaSi mniS- vnelovani wvlili miuZRviT antikuri saberZneTis mo- azrovneebs – qsenofonts, platonsa da aristoteles.** * maT Zvelegviptur papirusebSi, qvaze amokveTil lur- smul warwerebSi, Zvelindur vedebSi da sxva nawarmoebeb- Si vxvdebiT. ** qsenofontma dawera wigni `oikonomia~ da amiT pir- velma samecniero literaturaSi Semoitana sityva `ekono- mika~. aRniSnul naSromSi gadmocemulia saojaxo meurneo- bisa da miwaTmflobelobis warmarTvis im droisaTvis me- tad sayuradRebo wesebi; platoni Tavis naSromebSi `saxelmwifo~ da `kanone- bi~, saxelmwifos mowyobis sakiTxebTan erTad, ixilavs Sromis danawilebis, gacvlisa da fulis urTierTdamoki- debulebis sakiTxebs; aristoteles gansakuTrebuli Rvawli miuZRvis ekono- mikuri mecnierebis wanamZRvrebis safuZvlebis momzadeba- Si. `nikomaqes eTikaSi~ pirvelad aris gaSuqebuli rigi ekonomikuri kanonebisa da kategoriebisa. antikuri samya- 9 rogoric unda yofiliyo antikuri epoqis am (mag., antikuri romis cnobili warmomadgenlebis _ katonis (234-149), Zmebis tiberius (169-132) da gaius (153-121) graxkebis, varonis (116-27), kolumelas (ax.w. Is.) da sxvebis) an Semdgomi periodis did moazrovne- Ta Sexedulebebi ekonomikis Sesaxeb, maT mainc ar hqondaT sistemuri xasiaTi. ekonomika ar iyo mecnie- rebis calke, damoukidebeli dargi, vinaidan ar ar- sebobda mecnierebis klasifikacia. igi mxolod mec- nierebis erTian sistemaSi iyo CarTuli. ase rTulad ikafavda gzas ekonomika, rogorc ekonomikuri movlenebisa da procesebis sistemurad Semswavleli mecniereba da xazgasmiT aRsaniSnavi araferi yofila XVI saukunemde. swored am period- Si warmoiSva pirveli ekonomikuri mimdinareoba – merkantilizmi, romelmac mniSvnelovani wanamZRvre- bi Seqmna ekonomikis, rogorc mecnierebis, formire- bisTvis. merkantilizmi Tavdapirvelad warmoiSva in- glisSi, safrangeTsa da italiaSi, xolo mogviane- biT – sxva qveynebSic. es iyo periodi, rodesac oq- ros cieb-cxeleba moedo msoflios da Zvirfasi li- Tonebis mosapoveblad axali kontinentebis Zebna da- iwyo, rasac, did geografiul aRmoCenebTan erTad, vaWrobis ganviTarebac mohyva. merkantilizmi sagareo vaWrobis ganviTarebaze amaxvilebda yuradRebas da mas qveynis simdidris dagrovebis gadamwyvet pirobad miiCnevda. misi kvle- vis obieqti swored mimoqcevis sfero iyo. ganasxvaveben adrindel da gviandel merkanti- lizms. adrindeli merkantilizmis warmomadgenlebs inglisel u. stafords (1554-1612), italiel g. ska- rufs (1519-1584) da sxvebs simdidris zrdis aucile- ros ekonomikur movlenaTa mecnieruli Sefaseba swored aristoteles ekuTvnis. amitom mas sapatio adgili aqvs mikuTvnebuli ekonomikuri mecnierebis istoriaSi. 10

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Tarebis, miT ufro erovnuli ekonomikis bunebis, misi agebulebis . frang fransua kenes (1694-1774) saxelTanaa dakavSire- buli, Tumca, fiziokratiuli
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.