World Journal of Clinical Cases

114 Pages·2015·8.02 MB·English

ISSN 2307-8960 (online)
World Journal of
Clinical Cases
World J Clin Cases 2015 September 16; 3(9): 757-860
Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
Editorial Board
2012-2016
The World Journal of Clinical Cases Editorial Board consists of 519 members, representing a team of worldwide
experts in clinical medical research. They are from 55 countries, including Albania (1), Australia (8), Bangladesh
(3), Belgium (3), Botswana (1), Brazil (10), Bulgaria (1), Canada (11), China (24), Colombia (2), Croatia (4), Cuba (1),
Czech (2), Egypt (5), France (5), Germany (14), Greece (15), Hungary (1), India (56), Indonesia (1), Iran (11), Iraq
(1), Ireland (1), Israel (5), Italy (56), Japan (33), Lebanon (3), Malaysia (2), Mexico (1), Morocco (2), Netherlands (3),
New Zealand (1), Nigeria (1), Oman (1), Pakistan (1), Peru (2), Poland (4), Portugal (3), Qatar (1), Romania (3), Saudi
Arabia (4), Serbia (6), Singapore (3), Slovakia (2), Slovenia (1), South Korea (27), Spain (11), Sudan (1), Taiwan (21),
Thailand (2), Trinidad and Tobago (1), Tunisia (1), Turkey (28), United Kingdom (26), and United States (82).
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Luciano Pamplona de Góes, Fortaleza
Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Naples Márcio Ajudarte Lopes, Piracicaba
Jan Jacques Michiels, Rotterdam Australia Jose Mario Franco de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro
Sandro Vento, Gaborone Roy Gary Beran, Sydney Daniel Cesar de Araujo Santos, Rio de Janeiro
Shuhei Yoshida, Boston Jian Cheng, Melbourne Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive, Curitiba
Devang Jitendra Desai, Brisbane Eduardo Neubarth Trindade, Porto Alegre
GUEST EDITORIAL BOARD Manuel B Graeber, Sydney Fabio Francesconi do Valle, Manaus
MEMBERS Finlay Alistair Macrae, Victoria Flavia Mariana Valente, Sao Jose do Rio Preto
Hung-Yang Chang, Hsinchu Harrison Scott Weisinger, Victoria
Ning-Chia Chang, Kaohsiung Harunor Rashid, Sydney
Yao-Lung Chang, Taoyuan
Chang-Han Chen, Kaohsiung Bulgaria
Shao-Tsu Chen, Hualien Plamen Kostov Nedev, Varna
Bangladesh
Yen-Hsu Chen, Kaohsiung
Kuen-Bao Chen, Taichung Forhad Hossain Chowdhury, Dhaka
Yi-Ming Chen, Taipei Md Jafrul Hannan, Chittagong
Chih-Chien Chin, Taoyuan Aliya Naheed, Dhaka Canada
I-Ching Chou, Taichung Mark Otto Baerlocher, Barrie
Jun-Te Hsu, Taoyuan Kunihiko Hiraiwa, Vancouver
Shu-Pin Huang, Kaohsiung Ali Izadpanah, Quebec
Chi-Wen Juan, Taichung Belgium Gang Li, Vancouver
Chih-Yuan Lin, Taipei Habib-Ur-Rehman, Regina
Guy Cheron, Brussels
Chiung-Chyi Shen, Taichung Abdul Qayyum Rana, Toronto
Yves Jacquemyn, Edegem
Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu, Taichung Consolato Sergi, Alberta
Jean-Yves Luc Reginster, Angleur
Bing-Wen Soong, Taipei Rashmi Singh, Vancouver
Hwei-Fang Tien, Taipei Jennifer L Spratlin, Alberta
Rong Kung Tsai, Hualien Ted L Tewfik, Montreal
Han-Ping Wu, Taichung Sam Wiseman, Vancouver
Botswana
Hsu-Heng Yen, Changhua
Guy Cheron, Brussels
MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL
BOARD China
Shiu-Yin Cho, Hong Kong
Brazil Lian Duan, Beijing
Albania Everson Luiz De Almeida Artifon, Sao Paulo Lee Fung Yee Janet, Hong Kong
Ridvan Hamid Alimehmeti, Tirana Juliano Julio Cerci, Curitiba David Harolo Garfield, Shanghai
WJCC|www.wjgnet.com I April 16, 2013
Yong-Song Guan, Chengdu Dale A Maharaj, Trinidad
Guo-Rong Han, Nanjing Nikhil Marwah, Rajasthan
Bin Jiang, Beijing Germany Meena Gupta, New Delhi
Alice Pik Shan Kong, Hong Kong Sebastian Decker, Hannover Amit Kumar Mishra, Indore
Jian-Jun Li, Beijing Andreas Martin Fette, Weissach im Tal Soma Mukherjee, Mumbai
De-Zhi Mu, Chengdu Michael Froehner, Dresden Deb Sanjay Nag, Jamshedpur
Simon Siu-Man Ng, Hong Kong Wolf Christoph Mueller, Leipzig Kushal Naha, Karnataka
Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy, Bangalore
Shi-Su Sheng, Beijing Andres Hao Ming Neuhaus, Berlin
Soubhagya Ranjan Nayak, Nadia
Huai-Yin Shi, Beijing Arndt Hartmann, Erlangen
Xue-Ying Sun, Harbin Dirk M Hermann, Essen Narendra Pamidi, Karnataka
Karl-Anton Kreuzer, Berlin Murali Prabhakaran Vettath, Kerala
Xue-Rui Tan, Shantou
Ingo Stefan Nölte, Mannheim Samir Kumar Praharaj, Karnataka
Gang Wang, Chengdu
Andreas G Schreyer, Regensburg Peralam Yegneswaran Prakash, Manipal
Feng Wang, Shanghai
Crispin Schneider, Bristol C S Pramesh, Mumbai
Nian-Song Wang, Shanghai
Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Halle Kishore Puthezhath, Kerala
Ge Xiong, Beijing
Martin Paul Schencking, Witten Harbans Singh Randhawa, Delhi
Zheng-Feng Yin, Shanghai Mathias Z Strowski, Berlin M Rangarajan, Coimbatore
Qing Zhang, Jingzhou
Sayantan Ray, Kolkata
Ming-Hua Zheng, Wenzhou Bharat Rekhi, Maharashtra
Jun Zhong, Shanghai S Sharija, Thiruvananthapuram
Yan-Ming Zhou, Xiamen Greece Dhananjaya Sabat, New Delhi
Andrew P Andonopoulos, Patras Sachin Chakradhar Sarode, Pune
Dimitrios Daoussis, Patras Ashish Sharma, Coimbatore
Ioanna Dimopoulou, Athens Hakim Irfan Showkat, Srinagar
Colombia Moses S Elisaf, Ioannina Rikki Singal, Mullana
Iván Darío Vélez Bernal, Medellín Costas Fourtounas, Rio-Patras Deepak Kumar Singh, Lucknow
Carlos Alberto Calderón-Ospina, Bogota Olga-Elpis Kolokitha, Thessaloniki Yashpal Singh, Meerut
Sophia Lionaki, Athens Naorem Gopendro Singh, New Delhi
Marilita M Moschos, Athens Shyam Sundar, Varanasi
Michail N Varras, Athens Naveen S Tahasildar, Hubli
Croatia Nikolaos Papanas, Alexandroupolis Devinder Mohan Thappa, Pondicherry
Athanasios Papatsoris, Athens Pradeep Vaideeswar, Mumbai
Iva Brcic, Zagreb
Zervoudis Stephane, Athens Mukul Vij, Kanpur
Srđana Čulić, Spinčićeva
Konstantinos Tepetes, Larissa Rajesh Vijayvergiya, Chandigarh
Tomislav Kulis, Zagreb
Apostolos Tsapas, Thessaloniki B Viswanatha, Bangalore
Zvonimir Lovrić, Zagreb
Dimitrios Vavilis, Thessaloniki
Indonesia
Cuba Hungary
Coen Pramono, Surabaya
Alain Cruz Portelles, Holguin Tibor Hortobágyi, Debrecen
Iran
Czech India
Masoud Amiri, Shahrekord
David Bludovský, Plzen Subrat Kumar Achaya, New Delhi Mostafa Ghanei, Tehran
Antonin Marik, Prague Amit Arvind Agrawal, Nasik Mahdi Malekpour, Tehran
Hena A Ansari, Aligarh
Setareh Mamishi, Tehran
MS Ansari, Lucknow
Afshin Mohammadi, Urmia
Laxminarayan Bhadnari, Calicut
Seyyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi, Kerman
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Mohammad Taher Rajabi, Tehran
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Farid Mohammed Sabry El-Askary, Cairo Amin Saburi, Tehran
Bhuvan Chanana, New Delhi
Reda Abd Elhady Hemida, Mansoura Maryam Sahebari, Mashhad
Kanishka Das, Bangalore
Sherifa Ahmad Hamed, Assiut Payman Vahedi, Mashad
Reena Das, Chandigarh
Ahmad Abd-Elgawad Nofal, Zagazig Amir Reza Vosoughi, Shiraz
Nilay Kanti Das, Kolkata
Mohamed Ismail Seleem, Cairo
Deep Dutta, Kolkata
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Rakesh Garg, New Delhi
Iraq
Sandeep Grover, Chandigarh
France Mahendra Singh Hada, Rajasthan Bassim Irheim Mohammad, Al-Qadisiya
I Alain Braillon, Amiens P Hazarika, Manipal
Jean-François Bosset, Besançon Sachin Bhalchandra Ingle, Latur
Isabelle Andrée Chemin, Lyon Parwez Sajad Khan, Srinagar
Emile Jean-François, Boulogne Pradeep Kumar, Bangalore Ireland
Christophe Martinaud, Clamart Amol Lunkad, Pune Robbie Seton Rowan Woods, Dublin
WJCC|www.wjgnet.com II April 16, 2013
Tiziano Testori, Milano
Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Milan
Israel Netherlands
Nimer Najib Assy, Safed Sijens Paul Eduard, Groningen
Gil Bar-Sela, Haifa Paul E Sijens, Groningen
Itzhak Braverman, Hadera Japan
Eyal Itshayek, Jerusalem Ukei Anazawa, Ichikwa-shi
Gary Michael Ginsberg, Jerusalem Junichi Asaumi, Okayama New Zealand
Takashi Asazuma, Saitama-ken
Rita Rita Krishnamurthi, Auckland
Norihiro Furusyo, Fukuoka
Masaru Ishida, Yokohama
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Tatsuaki Ishiguro, Tokyo
Giovanni Addolorato, Rome Hajime Isomoto, Nagasaki Nigeria
Piero Luigi Almasio, Palermo Yokoyama Junkichi, Sendai Shamsideen Abayomi Ogun, Lagos
Francesco Angelico, Rome Keita Kai, Saga
Marialuisa Appetecchia, Rome Terumi Kamisawa, Tokyo
Valeria Barresi, Messina Tatsuo Kanda, Niigata
Gabrio Bassotti, San Sisto Shigeyuki Kawa, Matsumoto Oman
Paolo Boffano, Turin
Kazushi Kishi, Wakayama-city Itrat Mehdi, Muscat
Maria Luisa Brandi, Florence
Satoru Kyo, Ishikawa
Michelangelo Buonocore, Pavia
Nozomi Majima, Osaka
Giovanni Cammarota, Rome
Kenji Miki, Tokyo
Isidoro Di Carlo, Catania
Atsushi Nakajima, Tokyo Pakistan
Andrea Ciorba, Ferrara
Rui Niimi, Tsu city Sabiha Anis, Karachi
Lucio Cocco, Bologna
Masaharu Nomura, Tokyo
Carlo Colosimo, Rome
Kenoki Ohuchida, Fukuoka
Alfredo Conti, Messina
Morishita Ryuichi, Osaka
Giovanni Conzo, Naples
Yosuke Sato, Niigata Peru
Gennaro Cormio, Bari
Mitsushige Sugimoto, Hamamatsu Eduardo Gotuzzo, Lima
Alessandro Federico, Naples
Haruhiko Sugimura, Hamamatsu Eduardo Salazar-Lindo, Lima
Gabriella Maria Ferrandina, Rome
Keisuke Uehara, Nagoya
Davide Firinu, Cagliari
Manabu Watanabe, Tokyo
Caterina Foti, Bari
Takayuki Yamamoto, Yokkaichi
Gennaro Galizia, Naples
Yoshihito Yokoyama, Hirosaki Poland
Silvio Garattini, Milan
Giampietro Gasparini, Roma Junkichi Yokoyama, Tokyo Łukasz Stanisław Matuszewski, Lublin
Han-Seung Yoon, Nagano Tadeusz Robak, Ciolkowskiego
Luigi De Gennaro, Rome
Kiyoshi Yoshino, Osaka Adam Wysokiński, Lodz
Giorgio Ghilardi, Milano
Domenico Girelli, Verona Yuichi Kasai, Tsu city Witold Antoni Zatoński, Warsaw
Biondi Zoccai Giuseppe, Latina Yuzuru Niibe, Sagamihara-shi
Carlo Lajolo, Rome
Alessandro Landi, Rome
Portugal
Salvatore Leonardi, Catania
Lebanon Jorge Alves, Braga
Carmela Loguercio, Naples
Gustavo Marcondes Rocha, Porto
Marianna Luongo, Potenza Maroun Miled Abou-Jaoude, Beirut
Zacharoula Sidiropoulou, Barreiro
Zippi Maddalena, Rome Kassem A Barada, Beirut
Roberto Manfredini, Ferrara Raja Sawaya, Beirut
Annunziato Mangiola, Roma Qatar
Elia De Maria, Carpi
Fahmi Yousef Khan, Doha
Marco Mazzocchi, Perugia
Roberto Luca Meniconi, Rome Malaysia
Marco Milone, Naples Iman Salahshourifar, Kubang Kerian
Paolo Nozza, Genoa Mohamad Nasir Shafiee, Kuala Lumpur
Romania
Pier Paolo Panciani, Brescia
Desire' Pantalone, Firenze Simona Gurzu, Targu-Mures
Raffale Pezzilli, Bologna Doina Piciu, Cluj-Napoca
Giorgina Barbara Piccoli, Torino Mexico Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Bucharest
Roberto Pola, Rome Ernesto Roldan-Valadez, Mexico
Marco Romano, Napoli
Gianantonio Saviola, Castel Goffredo
Stefania Scala, Naples Saudi Arabia
Morocco
Leonardo A Sechi, Udine Ahmed Alkhani, Riyadh
Matteo Tebaldi, Ferrara Alae El Koraichi, Rabat Iqbal Abdulaziz Bukhari, Alkhobar
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WJCC|www.wjgnet.com III April 16, 2013
Jyothi Tadakamadla, Hyderabad FJA Artiles, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Manuel Benito, Madrid
Vicente Carreño, Madrid United Kingdom
Rosa Corcoy, Barcelona Henry Dushan Atkinson, London
Serbia Exuperio Díez-Tejedor, Madrid Ioannis G Baraboutis, Cambridgeshire
Luis Ignacio Gonzalez Granado, Madrid I Beegun, London
Ivona Milorad Djordjevic, Nis
Carlos Alberto Dussan Luberth, Torrevieja Ricky Harminder Bhogal, Birmingham
Jelena Lazar Lazic, Belgrade
Djordje Radak, Beograd Juan de Dios Molina Martín, Madrid Kuntal Chakravarty, Romford
Boban Stanojevic, Belgrade Sergio Fernández-Pello Montes, Gijón Deyaa Elsandabesee, Harlow
Mihailo Ilija Stjepanovic, Belgrade Tomás Sobrino, Santiago de Compostela Radwan Faraj, Moorgate Road-Rotherham
Momcilo Pavlovic, Subotica Babatunde Abiodun Gbolade, Leeds
Sanju George, Birmingham
David Julian Alexander Goldsmith, London
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Tae Hyun Choi, Seoul Bhupinder S Anand, Houston
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Soo Bin Im, Bucheon Ahmet Baydin, Samsun Hossam M Ashour, Detroit
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Turgay Celik, Ankara
Byung-Wook Kim, Incheon Jeffrey Alan Breall, Indianapolis
Yasemin Benderli Cihan, Kayseri
Myoung Soo Kim, Seoul Susana M Campos, Boston
Gwi Eon Kim, Seoul Ömür Dereci, Ankara Robert Carter III, San Antonio
Gyeong-Moon Kim, Seoul Mehmet Doganay, Kayseri Kaisorn Lee Chaichana, Baltimore
Hahn Young Kim, Seoul F Neslihan İnal Emiroğlu, İzmir Antonio Joseph Chamoun, Coatesville
Won Seog Kim, Seoul Aylin Türel Ermertcan, Manisa Vince Clark, Albuquerque
Yoon Jun Kim, Seoul Kadir Ertem, Malatya C Donald Combs, Norfolk
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Sang Chul Lim, Hwasun-gun Ramazan Kahveci, Kırıkkale Yuchuan Ding, Detroit
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WJCC|www.wjgnet.com IV April 16, 2013
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Zhong Jiang, Worcester Assad Movahed, Greenville Jessica D Sun, South San Francisco
Theodoros Kelesidis, Los Angeles Mohammad Reza Movahed, Tucson Ulas Sunar, Buffalo
Kusum K Kharbanda, Omaha Saleh A Naser, Orlando Scott Tenner, Brooklyn
Praveen Kumar, Chicago Srinivasan Paramasivam, New York Diana Olguta Treaba, Providence
Julius Gene Silva Latorre, Syracuse Edwin Melencio Posadas, Los Angeles
Richard Gary Trohman, Chicago
Guojun Li, Houston Xiaofa Qin, Newark
Ming C Tsai, New York
Yaling Liu, Rochester Michel Elias Rivlin, Jackson
Vassiliy Tsytsarev, Baltimore
Marios-Nikolaos Lykissas, New York Jae Y Ro, Houston
Howard J Worman, New York
Kenneth Maiese, Newark Bruce Samuel Rudy, Hershey
Jun Yao, Naperville
Serge Peter Marinkovic, Lafayette Abdulaziz Sachedina, Charlottesville
Shahram Yazdani, Los Angeles
Charles Christian Matouk, New Haven Ravi Prakash Sahu, Indiana
Panitan Yossuck, Morgantown
Kapil Mehta, Houston Michael William Schlund, Baltimore
Zaher Merhi, Burlington Eric Lee Scott, Indianapolis Stanley Zaslau, Morgantown
Ayse Leyla Mindikoglu, Baltimore Volney Leo Sheen, Boston Sheng Zhang, New Haven
Roberto Nicolas Miranda, Houston Ilke Sipahi, Cleveland Xinmin Zhang, Philadelphia
WJCC|www.wjgnet.com V April 16, 2013
W J C C World Journal of
Clinical Cases
Contents Monthly Volume 3 Number 9 September 16, 2015
REVIEW
757 Vitamin K and hepatocellular carcinoma: The basic and clinic
Jinghe X, Mizuta T, Ozaki I
MINIREVIEWS
765 Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in spinal surgery
Park JH, Hyun SJ
774 Esthesioneuroblastoma: Multimodal management and review of literature
Kumar R
779 Gingival enlargements: Differential diagnosis and review of literature
Agrawal AA
789 Current trends in laparoscopic groin hernia repair: A review
Pahwa HS, Kumar A, Agarwal P, Agarwal AA
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Basic Study
793 Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 deficiency impairs responses to polymicrobial sepsis
Liu JR, Han X, Soriano SG, Yuki K
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
807 Role of genetic polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus chronic infection
Coppola N, Pisaturo M, Sagnelli C, Onorato L, Sagnelli E
823 Sports hernia and femoroacetabular impingement in athletes: A systematic review
Munegato D, Bigoni M, Gridavilla G, Olmi S, Cesana G, Zatti G
CASE REPORT
831 Coumadin ridge: An incidental finding of a left atrial pseudotumor on transthoracic echocardiography
Lodhi AM, Nguyen T, Bianco C, Movahed A
835 Transhepatic venous approach to permanent pacemaker placement in a patient with limited central
venous access
Siddiqui AM, Harris GS, Movahed A, Chiang KS, Chelu MG, Nekkanti R
838 Horseshoe thrombus in a patient with mechanical prosthetic mitral valve: A case report and review of
literature
Mehra S, Movahed A, Espinoza C, Marcu CB
WJCC|www.wjgnet.com I September 16, 2015|Volume 3|Issue 9|
World Journal of Clinical Cases
Contents
Volume 3 Number 9 September 16, 2015
843 Do inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with lung cancer?
Msaad S, Yangui I, Bahloul N, Abid N, Koubaa M, Hentati Y, Ben Jemaa M, Kammoun S
848 Perianal tuberculosis: A case report and review of the literature
Tago S, Hirai Y, Ainoda Y, Fujita T, Takamori M, Kikuchi K
853 Two case reports of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas
Yang Y, Ye LY, Yu B, Guo JX, Liu Q, Chen Y
WJCC|www.wjgnet.com II September 16, 2015|Volume 3|Issue 9|
World Journal of Clinical Cases
Contents
Volume 3 Number 9 September 16, 2015
ABOUT COVER Editorial Board Member of World Journal of Clinical Cases, Tommaso Maria
Manzia, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Experimental Medicine
and Surgery, Chirurgia dei Trapianti, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata
University, Rome 00133, Italy

AIM AND SCOPE World Journal of Clinical Cases (World J Clin Cases, WJCC, online ISSN 2307-8960, DOI:
10.12998) is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal that aims to guide clinical
practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.
The primary task of WJCC is to rapidly publish high-quality Autobiography, Case Re-
port, Clinical Case Conference (Clinicopathological Conference), Clinical Management,
Diagnostic Advances, Editorial, Field of Vision, Frontier, Medical Ethics, Original Ar-
ticles, Clinical Practice, Meta-Analysis, Minireviews, Review, Therapeutics Advances, and
Topic Highlight, in the fields of allergy, anesthesiology, cardiac medicine, clinical genetics,
clinical neurology, critical care, dentistry, dermatology, emergency medicine, endocrinol-
ogy, family medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology, geriatrics and gerontology, he-
matology, immunology, infectious diseases, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology,
oncology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, otolaryngology, pathology, pediatrics, peripheral
vascular disease, psychiatry, radiology, rehabilitation, respiratory medicine, rheumatology,
surgery, toxicology, transplantation, and urology and nephrology.
INDExING/ABSTRACTING World Journal of Clinical Cases is now indexed in PubMed Central, PubMed, Digital Object
Identifier.
FLYLEAF I-V Editorial Board
EDITORS FOR Responsible Assistant Editor: Xiang Li Responsible Science Editor: Shui-Qiu
THIS ISSUE Responsible Electronic Editor: Su-Qing Liu Proofing Editorial Office Director: Xiu-Xia Song
Proofing Editor-in-Chief: Lian-Sheng Ma
NAME OF JOURNAL Botswana http://www.wjgnet.com
World Journal of Clinical Cases
Shuhei Yoshida, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenter- PUBLICATION DATE
ISSN ology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana 509, September 16, 2015
ISSN 2307-8960 (online) Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston,
MA 02215, United States COPYRIGHT
LAUNCH DATE © 2015 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. Articles
April 16, 2013 EDITORIAL OFFICE published by this Open Access journal are distributed
Jin-Lei Wang, Director under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribu-
FREQUENCY Xiu-Xia Song, Vice Director tion Non-commercial License, which permits use, dis-
World Journal of Clinical Cases tribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
Monthly
Room 903, Building D, Ocean International Center, the original work is properly cited, the use is non
No. 62 Dongsihuan Zhonglu, Chaoyang District, commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Beijing 100025, China license.
Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, MD, PhD, Professor, Geni-
Telephone: [phone]
tourinary Cancer Section and Rare-Cancer Center, Uni-
Fax: [phone] SPECIAL STATEMENT
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WJCC|www.wjgnet.com III September 16, 2015|Volume 3|Issue 9|
W J C C World Journal of
Clinical Cases
Submit a Manuscript: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/ World J Clin Cases 2015 September 16; 3(9): 757-764
Help Desk: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/helpdesk.aspx ISSN 2307-8960 (online)
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i9.757 © 2015 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
REVIEW
Vitamin K and hepatocellular carcinoma: The basic and clinic
Xia Jinghe, Toshihiko Mizuta, Iwata Ozaki
Xia Jinghe, Iwata Ozaki, Division of Hepatology, Diabetology cofactor involved in the production of functional coagu-
and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga lation factors in the liver, has been shown to be involved
Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan in various aspects of physiological and pathological
events, including bone metabolism, cardiovascular
Toshihiko Mizuta, Department of Medicine, Imari-Arita Kyoritu
diseases and tumor biology. The mechanisms and
Hospital, Nishimatu-ura County, Saga 849-4193, Japan
roles of VK are gradually becoming clear. Several novel
enzymes involved in the VK cycle were identified and
Iwata Ozaki, Health Administration Center, Saga University,
have been shown to be linked to tumorigenesis. The VKs
Saga 849-8501, Japan
have been shown to suppress liver cancer cell growth
Author contributions: All three authors participated to write through multiple signaling pathways via the transcription
the significant parts of this paper and contributed to generate the factors and protein kinases. A VK2 analog was applied
basic and clinical data cited in references from our laboratory; to the chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma
Ozaki I made the figure and supervised the written manuscript. (HCC) recurrence after curative therapy and was shown
to have beneficial effects, both in the suppression of
Conflict-of-interest statement: All three authors have nothing
HCC recurrence and in patient survival. Although a large
to disclose regarding the manuscript.
scale randomized control study failed to demonstrate
the suppression of HCC recurrence, a meta-analysis
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was
suggested a beneficial effect on the long-term survival
selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external
reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative of HCC patients. However, the beneficial effects of VK
Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, administration alone were not sufficient to prevent or
which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this treat HCC in clinical settings. Thus its combination with
work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on other anti-cancer reagents and the development of more
different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and potent novel VK derivatives are the focus of ongoing
the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/ research which seeks to achieve satisfactory therapeutic
licenses/by-nc/4.0/
effects against HCC.
Correspondence to: Iwata Ozaki, MD, PhD, Health Admi-
Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Vitamin K;
nistration Center, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501,
Steroid and xenobiotic receptor; Nuclear factor-kappa B;
Japan. [email protected]
Telephone: [phone] Protein kinase A; Protein kinase C; Drug repositioning
Fax: [phone]
© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing
Received: April 25, 2015 Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Peer-review started: May 4, 2015
First decision: June 3, 2015 Core tip: Vitamin K (VK) is essential nutrient initially
Revised: June 20, 2015
identified as a cofactor to produce functional coagulation
Accepted: July 24, 2015
factors. In addition to the roles in hemostasis, pleiotropic
Article in press: July 27, 2015
effects of VK in bone health, atherosclerotic diseases
Published online: September 16, 2015
and cancer have been attracting. VK has been shown to
play tumor-suppressive roles in several cancers including
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and reported to have
beneficial effects in the treatment of HCC although its
Abstract
anti-tumor effects remain to be improved. Currently
Vitamin K (VK), which was originally identified as a novel VK derivatives are under developing and will be
WJCC|www.wjgnet.com 757 September 16, 2015|Volume 3|Issue 9|