Table Of Content

George Lakoff Women, ---- Fire, and Dan erous Thin s What Categories Reveal ahout the Mind GeorgLea koff WomenF,i rean,d DangerTohuisn gs WhaCta tegoRreiveeasab lo tuhtMe i nd TheU niveorfsC ihtiycP argeos s �� \.'I;� Chicagaon dL ondon The UniversoiftC yh icagPor essC.h icag6o0 637 The UniverosfiC thyi cago PressL.o nLdtodn. , © 1987b yT heU niversoiftC yh icago Allr ighrtess ervePdu.b lish1e9d87 Paperbaecdki ti1o9n9 0 Printiendt heU niteSdt ateosfA merica 030 20 I0 09 99 8 109 8 LibraorfyC ongress Cataloging-in-DPautbal ication LakofGfe,o rge. Women,f iraen,d d angerotuhsi ngs. Bibliograpph.y : Includiensd ex. I.P sycholinguis2t.i Ccast.e goriza(tPsiyocnh ology). 3.C ognition4..T houghatn dt hinking5.. R eason. I.T itle. P37.L3441 986 401.'9 86-19136 ISBN0 -226-4680(4p-a6p er) � Thep apeurs edi nt hipsu blicatimoene ttsh em inimumr equiremeonftt sh e AmericaNna tionSatla ndafrodr I nformatSicoine necs-PermanenocfeP aperf or PrintLeidb rarMya teriaAlNsS,I Z 39.48-149.8 ToC laudia Contents Acknogwmleendts IX Preface xi BooIkT: h eM inbde yotnhdMe a chine ParIt: C ategorainedsC ognitMiovdee ls 1T heI mportoafnC caet egorization 5 2F roWmi ttegi�tnnoRs otsch 12 3 ProtoEtfyfpeiecnL t asn guage 58 . 4 IdezaeCldoi ginteiM ovdels 68 5M etonMyomdiecl s 77 6 RaidaCla tegories 91 7F eaet,suS rteree,soa tnyDdpe faults 115 8 Moraeb oCuotg niMtodievles 181 9 eDfenodfte hrCesl aiscVsaeilw 136 10R eview 153 ParIIt :P hilosophIimcpalli cations 11T hOeb ejctiPvairsatd igm 157 12W hta'Wsr onwgi tOhbe jctiMveitsatp hysics 158 13W hta'Wsr onwgi tOhbe jctiCvoigsnti tion 169 14T hFeor miaslEtn terprise 219 15P utnaThme'osr em 229 16A NewR ealism 260 17C ogniSteimnvatei cs 269 18W horf Raenlda tivism 304 Vll vii iContents 19T hMei nd-As-PMaarcahdiingem 338 20M athaetmiacsCs o ag tniiAvcet ivity 353 21O vreview 370 BooIkI C:a sSetd uies Itnroduction 377 1 Anger 380 2 Over 416 3 TherCeo-nstnrsu ctio 462 Afterword 568 References 598 NamIedn ex 601 SubjeIcdnte x 605 Acknowlmeedngts Thibso oikvs e rmyu cahp rodouftc htie n cresdtiibtmliuaynln gaod p en itneelclteunavli rtoo nftm heUenni verosfCi atlyi faotBr ernkieyal, e wherIeh vaeb eepnr ievgietldow orfkot rh pea tshtt ieryeena .r suI lcdo nohta vdeo ntehw iosra kn yhweerle. sM eucohwf h aIht a vlee ardnuerd intgh piesr ihoadcs o mteh roiungthe rawcittriheo mnasr kcaoblle leag,eu sepsecBieranBlterl ly,Hi unbteD rreuysCf,h arFlilelomsr, Je im Gree,Pn aouKla, yE leaRnoosr,cD han SiionbE,v eS weert,Ls een Talm,Ry obeWritl e,na snLkdoy tZfiade hI.h a vael bseoeb nls eeswdi th remalreksa tbutdsee,ns pecCialauildaBl urymg anP,a meDloaw nngi, MicehE emlaniaatRno,bM acaLruyC,ha dM cDa,na ineJdle anvnaen Ooesnt,a nmdu cohft hbiosor ke flewchtta shI a vlee arfnreotdmh e.m Casset u2di yas n e xtenasneidalo bno raotfpi aoornftB ruagnm1'9s8 1 mas'tste hre.Cs aissset u1dw ya dso njeon itwliyt Zho ltKa6nv esc,s e whossteaa tBy e rkedlueryti hn1eg9 -882a3c adyeemwaiarcfs u ndbeyd the rAimcCeaonu nocfLi ela rSnoecdi .eW tiitehsouitn st,ith gherhie tri diilge,na cnetdh egiern\>s eirtt�ybi,os o wko ubledm ucthh peo eorr. Ih vaea lbseoef rnot untabote pe a orfatw idesnpertewaoodfcr go kn i tisvceit eiwsnhtosrs ees cehca morplemmeyno twsan n d whboe ehna ve unspargeinnegrlioynku ese pmieni gno frmoefdt heriers eaanridcn h commenotnmi nineg: AltoLn.B ecekra,tt hUeni verosfMi itcyh igan DwigtBh onlegire,m eirtfursoH ma rrv,dna olwv inigi nP alAol to GilleFsa oucnen,rio ft hei vUenrosfPi atrayitS s tD .e sn i DedeGr etnnrea,tt hUeni veyro sfIi lotliaistnU rbana MarJko nhs,oa ntS outhIlelirnno iivse rUsnity ZoltKa6nv see,cas tE otvLo6rsa nUdni verisnBi udtpaye st RonaLladnc gka,ea rtt hUen vierosfiC tayl ifaotSr anDnii ae go Susan LiinPn adlAnole tro, JmaeDs .M caCwl,e tyahtUe n iveorfCs hiitcya go ix x Acknwolgemdents DaviMdc Nie,la ltt hUen vierosfiC thyi cago HilPaurtyn aatHm a,r rvdUa nviersity NaoQmui inantD ,u kUen iversity JohRno beRrots, stahtMe a ssachIsuntsieottfTut ectshe n 'ology DaviZdub i,n tahtSe t aUtniev erosfNi etwYy or ka tB uffalo Iw oualldsk oet ol itRh.Ma .nWk . DiaxnAodnn n eStcthem oiftd hte AursatnlN iaatiUoninvaelrf soprir toyv miedw iinatlg hn e gtdhsiyc uisosn oft heriersc eha Droynbi arcla tegtoi,roa inswz eaalslP ameDloaw ning anHda ruAoo k,wi hop rovmiedw eiddt he tails abcoluiats sJapanese fiesrM.a rJko hnasnoHdni lPaurtyn haamv en e bxetmereelhye lpifnu l discupshislionsgoi pshes,iseu csaple ctihaerlielrcy we onrt.Tk hpe hilo soipchvaile pwusfto rhtehhr vaeeb eewno rkoeuidtcn o alblorawtiitohn Johnosvoemnra nyye a.Rr osbeSrotl oavnaSdya unMdaeLcra sn per o videendo rmyuo suesdfliuuslsc siooftn hse fouonfmd aatthieom.na st ics Extencsoimvmeeo nndt arsf otfts h mea nushcvarebi epetpn r ovbiyd ed JaAyt l,La aswreBnarcsea, lC oluauBdurigam aMni,c hEemlaen a,t ian CharFliemlsol r,eJ mi Gree,n oMaJroksh on,nP auKla ,yZ oltan K6vecsReosb,eM rcCta lue,Jy amDe.sM cCwal,eC yaroMleyrnv is, UlrNiecssi erE,l eaRnoosrc Ehd,w aSrmdti ,hR obeWritl e.n sky Ssutenncoaef e xtrianoarqrduya lwiatpsyr ovibdyCe aedf F aninyn Berkeyl.e Thirse sewaorucnlhod ht a vbee epno sswiibtlhgeor uatfn rtostm h e NationalFo unSdcai(teginrocnaneon B.tNS -18034)4t,5h Sel noF aoun dat,ia onnd Ctohmem iotnRt eesee oatfr hchev UenroisfCi atilyf ioran at Berekl.e wyIo uelsdp eclkiieta otl hlayPn akuC lh apaitNn S Fa nEdr ic WanneartS lo.a n Larpgreo tjslek icet hicasn nboect o mplweittehdeo nuotr mous sacroinfit chheeos mf ern otC.l auBdurigam aannAd n yd Lahkaovpfeuf t upw itmhyu navaiitflyoa rb iltlohnaIgwn eo rul lkidet ot hi.n tkIh ank thefmot rh epiart iaennpdce er sevweirtaahlmn lych ee a.r t Bekreyl,Ce ailfornia Ju,l1 y985 Preface Cognistciiveienasn c eefiw el tdh barti tnoggse wthhaietksr n own cbout thmei nd mfarnaoycm a ddeimsilccii nppessy:c hloilnogg,uya i,ns tthircos poolg,yp hoislo,pa hnycdo mpustceir.eI nstce eedkest ailed answers to sucqhus eitoanss: iWrshe aats Hoonw? do wsee nomsfoae uk erex peri encWeh?ta i asc oncespytsuataneldm ihisoot wr ganDioza elpdle? o ple use stahmceeo ncespyttseumaI?lf wshoai,tts h saytts emI?nfo ,et xactly whtai tsh etrheia cstmo motnot hwea ayl hlu mabne itnhngiksT? h e questiaornne'nstwe ,b usto mree caennstw aer.re s Thbiso oikas b otuh�te r adiatnisowtneotar hlse q suete isoannasdb out recreenstce hta hrsautg gneesawtn ss w.Oe nrt shter adivteiiwro,en aal son isa naddbie ssmtbroadcOitnte hdne.e vwi ,er weasoabn d ohibalasy si.Ts hter iaotdnivailes wer eesa asslot ine ,ra aspl rairmaibloypu rto posi tiotnhtsac an obbeejc tievietlthyre uorerf las.Te hen evwi etwa kes imagtiianvsaep eocfrt esa- smoenathpo,mr eton,ay nmdy miemnatgal er-yasc enttorr aeolan, sr atthheaarsan p eripahneidrn acsolen quential adunjcttot hlei t.e ral Thter daitiaocncaocluli namtts h tahtce a pafcomiret aygn fitunhlo ught anfdo rre aisasob ns tarnandco ntte cesesmabroidilianyen odyr gias.nm Thu,ms eagnficunoln caenprdta st ioanrtaearl nisdtceyen ntitanlh s,ee nse thtta hetyr aenns,do crg ob eyo,t nhdpeh ysliictmaailt oifoan nosyr ga nsimM.e anngifcuoln caenpadtb ss trreaacmstao hyna ppteobn e embod ieidnh umabne i,no grs miahnci en,so ri no thoerrg a-nbiusttmh sey exiasbts ttlr,iy ancdnedpeeonfat n pya rtiecmubloadtriI. mn e nthe new veiwm,e agni iasnm atotfew rh aitms e anngifutlh kitinonf gu,no cntiing beisnT.gh nea touftr hete h kiinonrgg aannitdsh mwe a iyft nu ctiioinnt ss enrvoinmaernoetfc entcroanlct eotr hnse t uodfry es ao.n Bothv ietwasck aet egoarsi zmtaahtiweina o tynh waetm aksee nosfe exeprnice.Ce ategoontr hiteerd sai tivoineaawrcle h aacrtesroilzbeeyld y thper opesrhtaibreyetsd h emierm b.eT rhsaits , atrchehe ayr iazcetde r xi